Verden (Aller), or Verden (IPA: [ˈfeːɐdn]), is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany, on the River Aller. It is the administrative center of the District (Kreis) of Verden. Its population is 27,000 (as of 2002). Verden is famous for the alleged massacre of Saxons in 782, committed on the orders of Charlemagne (the "Bloody Trial of Verden"), for its cathedral, and for its horse breeding. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system of phonetic notation devised by linguists to accurately and uniquely represent each of the wide variety of sounds (phones or phonemes) used in spoken human language. ... With an area of 47,618 km and nearly eight million inhabitants, Lower Saxony (German Niedersachsen) lies in north-western Germany and is second in area and fourth in population among the countrys sixteen Bundesl nder (federal states). ... The Aller is a river in Saxony_Anhalt and Lower Saxony, Germany. ... Verden is a Kreis (district) in the centre of Lower Saxony, Germany. ... Map showing the Saxons homeland in traditional region bounded by the three rivers: Weser, Eider, and Elbe Src: Freemans Historical Geographys. The Saxons or Saxon people are (nowadays) part of the German people with its main areas of settlements in the German States of Schleswig-Holstein, Lower Saxony, Saxony... Events Alcuin becomes teacher to Charlemagne and his court. ... Charlemagne, portrait by Albrecht Dürer. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

In 782 Charlemagne had inflicted a new defeat on the Saxons in present-day Lower Saxony and ordered the execution of 4,500 of their leading citizens when they refused to swear fielty to him and to submit to the Christian faith. Modern research casts some doubt on the veracity of this allegation, as there may have been a clerical error in the old documents and the Saxons were merely exiled rather than executed.

During the subsequent centuries the town grew steadily, and from the early 9th century onward was seat of a bishop until 1648. The Reformation was introduced in Verden in 1568 with the conversion of its bishop, Eberhard of Holle. Verden had gained the status of an imperial free city in the 15th century, but lost this status at the end of the Thirty Years' War when it became, together with the former bishopric, a Swedish possession as imperial fief, under the name of Principality of Verden. Hanover purchased the Principality of Verden in 1719, and when Hanover was annexed in 1866, the city became Prussian. // Events January 17 - Englands Long Parliament passes the Vote of No Address, breaking off negotiations with King Charles I and thereby setting the scene for the second phase of the English Civil War. ... The Protestant Reformation was a movement which began in the 16th century as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church, but ended in division and the establishment of new institutions, most importantly Lutheranism, Reformed churches, and Anabaptists. ... Events March 23 - Peace of Longjumeau ends the Second War of Religion in France. ... In the Holy Roman Empire, an imperial free city (in German: freie Reichsstadt) was a city formally responsible to the emperor only — as opposed to the majority of cities in the Empire, which belonged to a territory and were thus governed by one of the many princes (Fürsten) of... Combatants Protestantism: Sweden,Denmark, France, Scotland and protestant German countries like Saxony Roman Catholic Church: Holy Roman Empire, Spain Commanders Gustav II Adolf Ferdinand II The Thirty Years War was fought between 1618 and 1648, principally on the territory of todays Germany, also involving most of the major European... -1... // Events January 23 - The Principality of Liechtenstein is created within the Holy Roman Empire April 25 - Daniel Defoe publishes Robinson Crusoe June 10 - Battle of Glen Shiel Prussia conducts Europes first systematic census Miners in Falun, Sweden find an apparently petrified body of Fet-Mats Israelsson in an unused... 1866 (MDCCCLXVI) is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 Prussia (German: ; Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Lithuanian: ; Polish: ; Old Prussian: Prūsa) was, most recently, a historic state originating in East Prussia, an area which for centuries had substantial influence on German and European history. ...

Coordinates: 52°55′N 9°14′E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

See also

• Bremen-Verden

Bremen-Verden was a dominion of Sweden from 1648 to 1719, when it was ceded to Hanover in the Treaty of Stockholm. ...

References

• Official site