In telecommunication, an error ratio is the ratio of the number of bits, elements, characters, or blocks incorrectly received to the total number of bits, elements, characters, or blocks sent during a specified time interval.
The most commonly encountered ratio is the bit error ratio (BER).
Note 1: Examples of biterror ratio are (a) transmission BER, i.e., the number of erroneous bits received divided by the total number of bits transmitted; and (b) information BER, i.e., the number of erroneous decoded (corrected) bits divided by the total number of decoded (corrected) bits.
Note 2: The BER is usually expressed as a coefficient and a power of 10; for example, 2.5 erroneous bits out of 100,000 bits transmitted would be 2.5 out of 105 or 2.5 × 10-5.
Note 3: On good connections you have an BER below 10E-9. The test time for a 95% confidence Level on a: STM-256 / OC-768 = 1 s STM-64 / OC-192 = 3 s STM-16c / OC-48c = 12 s STM-4c / OC-12c = 48 s STM-1 / OC-3 = 3.2 min
Approaches that correct for biterrors during digital communica-tion vary from simple error-detection mechanisms, to non-real-time correction capability, to real-time, on-the-fly error correction.
Whenever the number of symbol errors within the 204-byte block is less than or equal to eight, you can remove the errors from further error counting and analysis, because an error corrector would have removed them.
Error distributions, which you obtain by applying various error-location-analysis techniques, reveal the bursts to be random and correlated.
In telecommunication, an error ratio is the ratio of the number of bits, elements, characters, or blocks incorrectly received to the total number of bits, elements, characters, or blocks sent during a specified time interval.
For a given communication system, the biterror ratio will be affected by both the data transmissionrate and the signal power margin.
Examples of biterror ratio are (a) transmission BER, i.e.
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