Black Canadians or African Canadians are designations used for people of African descent who reside in Canada. The label is used by and of Canadian citizens who trace their ancestry back to people who were indigenous to Sub-Saharan Africa; it is estimated that many African Canadians have some European heritage as well. The majority have relatively recent origins in the Caribbean, while some trace their lineage to the first slaves brought by British and French colonists to North America. A minority have recent African roots. Nickname: Motto: Concordia Salus (well-being through harmony) Coordinates: , Country Province Region Montréal Founded 1642 Established 1832 Government  - Mayor Gérald Tremblay Area [1][2][3]  - City 365. ... This article is about the capital city of Canada. ... For other uses, see Halifax, Nova Scotia. ... Nickname: Motto: The river and the land sustain us. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Caribbean English is a broad term for the dialects of the English language spoken in the Caribbean, most countries on the Caribbean coast of Central America, and Guyana. ... Haitian Creole (Kreyòl ayisyen) is a creole language based on the French language. ... Twi (pronounced chwee) is a language spoken in Ghana by about 6 million people. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      Christianity is... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... Haile Selassie I Rasta, or the Rastafari movement, is a religion that accepts Haile Selassie I, the former Emperor of Ethiopia, as God incarnate, whom they call Jah. ... Afro-Caribbean may refer to: the British Afro-Caribbean community other members of the African diaspora in or from the Carribean This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ... Black Australian, Afro Australian or African Australian (also known as an African Aussie) refers to Australian citizens who are wholly or partly of African descent. ... Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa south of the Sahara Desert, is the term used to describe those countries of Africa that are not part of North Africa. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... “West Indian” redirects here. ... Slave redirects here. ... North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ...

Statistics

According to the 2001 census by Statistics Canada, 593,335 Canadians identified themselves as black (not including 70,000 other who claim to be of mixed black and European), constituting 1.97 per cent of the entire Canadian population.^[1] The majority of black Canadians live in five major Canadian cities. As of 2001, Toronto, Montreal, Ottawa, Windsor and Halifax were home to approximately 78.4 percent of all black Canadians. Preston, outside of Halifax, has the highest percentage of Black people of any Canadian community at 71.4%.[1] Statistics Canada (French: Statistique Canada) is the Canadian federal government department commissioned with producing statistics to help better understand Canada, its population, resources, economy, society, and culture. ... Nickname: Motto: Concordia Salus (well-being through harmony) Coordinates: , Country Province Region Montréal Founded 1642 Established 1832 Government  - Mayor Gérald Tremblay Area [1][2][3]  - City 365. ... This article is about the capital city of Canada. ... Windsor may refer to many places and other things. ... For other uses, see Halifax, Nova Scotia. ... Preston is a provincial electoral district in Halifax County, Nova Scotia. ...

Terminology

One of the ongoing controversies in the Black Canadian community revolves around appropriate terminologies. Some use the term "African Canadian" instead, although this is more commonly used to refer only to those whose ancestors came directly from Africa or from the United States. "Caribbean Canadian" is often used to refer to Black Canadians of Caribbean heritage, although this usage can also be controversial because the Caribbean is not populated only by people of African origin, also including large groups of Indo-Caribbeans, Chinese Caribbeans, European Caribbeans, Syrian or Lebanese (Arab) Caribbeans and Amerindians. (The same racial diversity is also true of Africa, although this is far less frequently cited as an argument against the use of "African Canadian".) The term "Afro-Caribbean-Canadian" is occasionally used in response to this controversy, although as of 2006 this term is still fairly rare. An Indo-Caribbean is a person of South Asian origin who lives in the Caribbean, or the descendant of such a person. ... Chinese Caribbeans are people of Chinese ethnic origin living in the Caribbean, and their descendents. ... A Sioux in traditional dress including war bonnet, circa 1908. ...

Blacks of Caribbean origin form a much larger proportion of the black community in Canada than in the United States — in fact, almost 40 percent of Canada's black population is of Jamaican origin alone, and a further 30 per cent are from other Caribbean nations. Many Canadians of Afro-Caribbean origin strongly object to the term "African Canadian", as it obscures their own culture and history, and this partially accounts for the term's less prevalent use in Canada, compared to the consensus "African American" south of the border. Afro-Caribbean may refer to: the British Afro-Caribbean community other members of the African diaspora in or from the Carribean This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ...

More specific national terms such as "Jamaican Canadian", "Haitian Canadian" or "Ghanaian Canadian" are also used. As of 2007, however, there is no widely-used alternative to "black Canadian" that is accepted by both the African Canadian and Afro-Caribbean-Canadian communities as an umbrella term for the whole group. Jamaican Canadian is a Canadian-born person of Jamaican descent, or a Jamaican-born person with Canadian citizenship. ... People from Haiti began immigrating to Canada in the 1960s, settling predominantly (although not exclusively) in Montreal. ... An umbrella term is a word that provides a superset or grouping of related concepts, also called a hypernym. ...

History

The history of blacks in Canada prior to the Slavery Abolition Act 1833, though extensive, is rarely mentioned in Canadian media or education. The first recorded black person to set foot on land now known as Canada was a free man named Mathieu de Costa, who travelled with explorer Samuel de Champlain, or arrived in Nova Scotia some time between 1603 and 1608 as a translator for the French explorer Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Monts. The first known black person to live in Canada is a slave from Madagascar named Olivier Le Jeune, who may have been of partial Malay ancestry. As a group, Black people arrived in Canada in several waves. The first of these came with the French as free persons serving in the French Army and Navy, and some were enslaved. The Slavery Abolition Act (citation ) was an 1833 Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom abolishing slavery throughout the British Empire. ... Though most indigenous Africans possess relatively dark skin, they exhibit much variation in physical appearance. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... Statue symbolizing Samuel de Champlain in Ottawa. ... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit(Latin) One defends and the other conquers Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Regional Municipality Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis - Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 11 - Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area... Pierre Dugua, the Sieur de Monts, (c. ... Olivier Le Jeune (buried 10 May 1654) was the first recorded slave purchased in New France. ... Look up Malay in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Black Loyalists during the American Revolution

At the time of the American Revolution, inhabitants of the Thirteen Colonies had to decide where there future lay. Loyalists, i.e. those loyal to the British Crown, came north. The British colonial authorities promised land grants to those who had stayed loyal, though more promises were broken than kept^{[citation needed]}. White American Loyalists brought their African slaves with them, while free Black Americans^{[citation needed]} (black Loyalists) also made their way to the remaining colonies of British North America, settling predominantly in Nova Scotia. This latter group was largely made up of tradespeople and labourers, and many set up home in Birchtown near Shelburne. John Trumbulls Declaration of Independence, showing the five-man committee in charge of drafting the Declaration in 1776 as it presents its work to the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia The American Revolution refers to the period during the last half of the 18th century in which the Thirteen... In 1775, the British claimed authority over the red and pink areas on this map and Spain ruled the orange. ... For the township in Canada, see Loyalist, Ontario In general, a loyalist is an individual who is loyal to the powers that be. ... The British monarch or Sovereign is the monarch and head of state of the United Kingdom and its overseas territories, and is the source of all executive, judicial and (as the Queen_in_Parliament) legislative power. ... The term white American (often used interchangeably with Caucasian American[3] and within the United States simply white[4]) is an umbrella term that refers to people of European, Middle Eastern, and North African descent residing in the United States. ... Black Loyalists is the name given to formerly enslaved Africans or to free people of color of the North American continent who remained loyal to Britain during the American Revolutionary War. ... British North America was an informal term first used in 1783, but uncommon before the Report on the Affairs of British North America (1839), called the Durham Report. ... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit(Latin) One defends and the other conquers Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Regional Municipality Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis - Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 11 - Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area...

In 1782, the first race riot in North America took place there, with white soldiers attacking the black settlers who were getting work that the soldiers thought they should have. Due to the unkept promises of the British government and the discrimination from the white colonists, 1,192 Black American men, women and children left Nova Scotia on January 15, 1792 and settled in what is now Sierra Leone, where they established Freetown. 1782 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... A race riot or racial riot is an outbreak of violent civil unrest in which race is a key factor. ... 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Freetown, population 1,070,200 (2004), is the capital and largest city of Sierra Leone. ...

Maroons from the Caribbean

In 1796, the Trelawney Maroons of Jamaica were re-settled in Nova Scotia, following their long battle against colonization. While in Nova Scotia the Jamaican Maroons deterred an attack by Napoleon, and were very important to the construction efforts of the Nova Scotia government, constructing the parts of the Halifax Citadel and all of Government House. The Jamaican Maroons were sent to Sierra Leone in 1800 by the British Government in order to avoid the cost of maintaining them in Nova Scotia. Upon their arrival in Sierra Leone, the Maroons were used to quell an uprising among the Black settlers unhappy with their treatment by the Sierra Leone Company. Year 1796 (MDCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... The word Maroon can have the following meanings: Maroon is a color mixture composed of brown and purple. ... The Jamaican Maroons were runaway slaves who fought the British during the 18th century. ... // ON MAY 5 1853 MR.FADER HAD SEX WITH A MAN NAME MR WIEN THEN THEY HAD SON NAMEDMRS COTURE AND MR MANOOGIAN WENT INTO MRS HASKELLS OFFICE NAKED AND DANCED AROUND AND MASTERBATED ON HER CHEST AND SHE LICKED IT OFF THEN THEY HAD ORAL SEEX WITH NAPLOEAN OF... The Sierra Leone Company was the organisation involved in founding the first British colony in Africa in 1792 through the resettlement of Black Loyalist African Americans, mostly ex-slaves who had initially been settled in Nova Scotia after the American Revolutionary War. ...

The abolition of slavery

The next major migration of blacks into Nova Scotia occurred between 1813 and 1815. Black war refugees from the United States settled in Hammonds Plains, Beechville, Lucasville, the Prestonsm (East and North), and Africville.

Canada was not suited to the large-scale plantation agriculture practised in the southern United States, and slavery became increasingly rare. In 1793, in one of the first acts of the new Upper Canada colonial parliament, slavery was abolished. It was all but abolished throughout the other British North American colonies by 1800, and was illegal throughout the British Empire after 1834. This made Canada an attractive destination for those fleeing slavery in the United States, such as minister Boston King. Fundamentally, a plantation is usually a large farm or estate, especially in a tropical or semitropical country, on which cotton, tobacco, coffee, sugar cane, or trees and the like is cultivated, usually by resident laborers. ... Historic Southern United States. ... Flag Map of Upper Canada (orange) Capital Newark 1792 - 1797 York(later renamed Toronto in 1834) 1797 - 1841 Language(s) English Religion Anglican Government Constitutional monarchy Sovereign  - 1791-1820 George III  - 1837-1841 Victoria Lieutenant-Governor See list of Lieutenant-Governors Legislature Parliament of Upper Canada  - Upper house Legislative Council... British North America was an informal term first used in 1783, but uncommon before the Report on the Affairs of British North America (1839), called the Durham Report. ... The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ...

The Underground Railroad

There is a sizable community of African Canadians in Nova Scotia and Southern Ontario who trace their ancestry to slaves who used the Underground Railroad to flee from the United States seeking refuge. From the late 1820s until the American Civil War began in 1861, the Underground Railroad brought tens of thousands of fleeing slaves to Canada. While many of these returned to the United States after emancipation, a significant population remained, largely in Southern Ontario, widely scattered in both rural and urban locations, including Amherstburg, Dresden, Wallaceburg, Guelph, Kitchener, Waterloo, Sudbury, Chatham, Windsor, London, Hamilton, Collingwood, St. Catharines, Niagara Falls, Fort Erie, Welland, Owen Sound and Toronto. Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit(Latin) One defends and the other conquers Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Regional Municipality Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis - Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 11 - Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area... Southern Ontario is the portion of the Canadian province of Ontario which lies south of the French River and Algonquin Park. ... This article is about slave escape route. ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... For other uses, see Emancipation (disambiguation). ... Southern Ontario is the portion of the Canadian province of Ontario which lies south of the French River and Algonquin Park. ... Country Canada Province Ontario County Essex Government  - Mayor Wayne Hurst  - Governing body Amherstburg Town Council  - Member of Parliament Jeff Watson (CONS)  - Member of Provincial Parliament Bruce Crozier (LIB) Area  - Town 185. ... Dresden, Ontario is a town in the southwestern part of the Canadian province of Ontario. ... Wallaceburg is an industrial town (pop. ... Nickname: Motto: Faith, Fidelity and Progress Coordinates: , Country Canada Province Ontario County Wellington County City Wards There are 6 Wards Founded April 23, 1827 Incorporated April 23, 1879 Government  - Mayor Karen Farbridge (elected November 2006)  - Governing Body Guelph City Council  - MPs Brenda Chamberlain (LPC)  - MPPs Liz Sandals (OLP) Area  - City... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada is the smallest of the three cities in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo, and is adjacent to the larger city of Kitchener. ... Nickname: Motto: Aedificemus (Latin for Come, let us build together) Coordinates: , Country Province Established 1893 (as Sudbury)   2001 (as Greater Sudbury) Government  - Mayor John Rodriguez  - Governing Body Greater Sudbury City Council  - MPs Raymond Bonin (LPC), Diane Marleau (LPC)  - MPPs Rick Bartolucci (OLP), Shelley Martel (NDP) Area  - City 3,200 km... Categories: Stub | Cities in Ontario | Ontario counties and regions ... Nickname: Motto: The river and the land sustain us. ... Nickname: Location of London in relation to Middlesex County and the Province of Ontario Coordinates: , Country Canada Province Ontario County Middlesex County Settled 1826 as a village Incorporated 1855 as a city Government  - City Mayor Anne Marie DeCicco-Best  - Governing Body London City Council  - MPs Sue Barnes (LPC) Glen Pearson... Motto: Together Aspire - Together Achieve Location in the province of Ontario, Canada Coordinates: , Country Canada Province Ontario Incorporated June 9, 1846[1] Government  - Mayor Fred Eisenberger  - City Council Hamilton City Council  - Representatives 5 MPs and 5 MPPs Area [2]  - City 1,138. ... Map showing location of Collingwood in Ontario The town of Collingwood is located on the southern point of Georgian Bay, known as Nottawasaga Bay. ... Nickname: Motto: Industry and Liberality Location of St. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Location of Fort Erie in the Niagara Region Fort Erie (2001 population 28,143) is a town on the Niagara River in the Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada. ... Welland (formally The Corporation of City of Welland; 2001 population 48,402) is a city in the Regional Municipality of Niagara in Ontario, Canada. ... Owen Sound (2006 City population 21,753; UA Population 22,649; CA Population 32, 259), the county seat of Grey County, is a city in south-western Ontario, Canada. ...

West Coast

In 1858, the governor of the colony of Vancouver Island, James Douglas replied to an inquiry from a group of blacks in San Francisco about the possibilities of settling on the island. Governor Douglas, whose mother had been at least part black, replied favourably, and several dozen travelled to Victoria at the outbreak of the Cariboo Gold Rush. Two of these people, Peter Lester and Mifflin Gibbs, became successful Victoria merchants, and Gibbs was elected to the Council of the City of Victoria in the 1860s. Vancouver Island is separated from mainland British Columbia by the Strait of Georgia and the Queen Charlotte Strait, and from Washington by the Juan De Fuca Strait. ... James Douglas Sir James Douglas, K.C.B, (August 15, 1803 – August 2, 1877), was born of a Scottish father and Creole mother in Demerara. ... The Cariboo Gold Rush is the most famous of the gold rushes in British Columbia and is erroneously sometimes mentioned as the reason for the creation of the Colony of British Columbia. ... This article is about the city of Victoria. ...

Immigration restrictions

In the late nineteenth century, there was an unofficial policy of restricting blacks from immigration, and in the 1920s, formal racially-based immigration standards excluding blacks were developed. The huge influx of immigrants from Europe and the United States in the period before World War I included only very small numbers of black arrivals. “The Great War ” redirects here. ...

Early twentieth century

Another wave of immigration to Nova Scotia occurred in the 1920s, with blacks from the Caribbean coming to work in the steel mills of Cape Breton. This wave of blacks from the Caribbean replaced a previous wave of blacks from Alabama, that came to work in the steel mills in 1899[2]. The restrictions on immigration remained until 1962, when racial rules were eliminated from the immigration laws. This coincided with the dissolution of the British Empire in the Caribbean, and over the next decades several hundred thousand blacks came from that region to Canada. Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit(Latin) One defends and the other conquers Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Regional Municipality Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis - Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 11 - Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area... // The term Cape Breton appears in several different things: Cape Breton Island, a Canadian island on the Atlantic Ocean coast Cape Breton Highlands, a mountain range in northern Cape Breton Island. ... The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ...

There are also some African Canadians in Alberta and Saskatchewan who trace their ancestry to African Americans who migrated there from Oklahoma to escape racism in the early 1900s. Motto: Fortis et liber(Latin) Strong and free Capital Edmonton Largest city Calgary Official languages English (see below) Government - Lieutenant-Governor Norman Kwong - Premier Ed Stelmach (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 28 - Senate seats 6 Confederation September 1, 1905 (split from Northwest Territories) (8th [Province]) Area Ranked... Motto: Multis E Gentibus Vires (Latin: The Strength of Many Peoples) Capital Regina Largest city Saskatoon Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Gordon Barnhart - Premier Lorne Calvert (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 14 - Senate seats 6 Confederation September 1, 1905 (Split from NWT) (9th (province)) Area  Ranked... African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Sub-Saharan and West Africa. ... Official language(s) None Capital Oklahoma City Largest city Oklahoma City Area  Ranked 20th  - Total 69,898 sq mi (181,196 km²)  - Width 230 miles (370 km)  - Length 298 miles (480 km)  - % water 1. ...

There also was a migration of blacks from Oklahoma and other American Great Plains states that came to Saskatchewan and Alberta in the early 20th century, with most settling in the Edmonton area. Many of Canada's Black Pullman Porters came from the U.S. as well, with many coming from the South, New York City and Washington, D.C. Most went to Montreal, Toronto, Winnipeg and Vancouver[3].

More recent times

Since then, an increasing number of immigrants from Africa have been coming to Canada, as is also the case in the United States and Europe. This includes large numbers of refugees, but also many skilled workers pursuing better economic conditions. Today's black Canadians are largely of Caribbean origin, with some of recent African origin, and smaller numbers from Latin American countries.

However, a sizable number of black Canadians who descended from freed American slaves can still be found in Nova Scotia and parts of Southwestern Ontario. Some descendants of the freed American black slaves have mixed into the white Canadian community and have mostly lost their ethnic identity. Some of the descendants went back to the United States, with some going to areas near cities like Detroit, Buffalo and Boston, among others according to the history of some famous Black Canadians. Bangor, Maine received quite a few Black Canadians from the Maritime provinces.[http://www.walmart.com/catalog/product.do?dest=9999999997&product_id=4029034 &sourceid=1500000000000001827190] Southwestern Ontario is a region of the Canadian province of Ontario, centred on the city of London. ...

Many African Canadians trace their lineage through twentieth century migration from the United States, Latin America, the Caribbean or directly from Africa. Black and other Canadians often draw a distinction between those of Caribbean ancestry and those of African descent. Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... “West Indian” redirects here. ...

Statistics

• 72 percent of all blacks in Canada immigrated from the Caribbean and Bermuda.^[2]
• 60 percent of all blacks (nearly two out of three) are under the age of 35.^[3]
• There are 20,000 more black women than black men in Canada.^[4]
• Nearly 40 percent of Black Canadians have Jamaican heritage.^[5]

Difficulties

According to the Ethnic Diversity Survey released in September 2003, nearly one-third (32%) of blacks said that they had experienced some form of racial discrimination or unfair treatment sometimes or often in the five years prior to 2003. An African-American drinks out of a water fountain marked for colored in 1939 at a street car terminal in Oklahoma City. ...

Bibliography

• Margaret A. Ormsby British Columbia, A history 1958: Macmillan Company of Canada
• Terry Reksten "More English than the English": A Very Social History of Victoria 1985 Orca Book Publishers

See also

• List of Black Canadians
• Africville
• African diaspora
• Black people
• Amber Valley, Alberta
• Latino Canadian
• Priceville, Ontario
• Jamaican-Canadian
• Haitian Canadians
• North Preston, Nova Scotia
• John Freeman Walls Historic Site

This is a list of Black Canadians. ... Africville was a small neighbourhood in the north end of Halifax, Nova Scotia, populated entirely by black families from a wide variety of origins. ... A poster of African Reparation, Reconciliation and Restoration Conference The dispersion of Africans during and after the trans-Atlantic slave trade and others enroute to India as slaves and source of labor. ... Though most indigenous Africans possess relatively dark skin, they exhibit much variation in physical appearance. ... Amber Valley, Alberta (population ~103) is a town in Alberta. ... Latino Canadian is a person of Latin American descent residing in Canada. ... Priceville is a village in Grey County, Ontario, Canada. ... Black Canadian is a term used to identify a Canadian of African descent. ... {{Ethnic group| |group= Haitian Canadians |population=Approx 225 000 |regions=Montreal (approx 155 000) |langs=Haitian Creole, French |rels=Christianity Mostly Catholic. ... North Preston is a rural community in Halifax County, Nova Scotia, in Canada. ... The John Freeman Walls Historic Site and Underground Railroad Museum is a twenty-acre historical site located in Puce, Ontario, Canada. ...

References

External links

• Black Habits website from Toronto
• Black Montreal website
• Black Ottawa411.com
• Black History in Guelph and Wellington County
• Owen Sound's Black History
• Black Cultural Centre for Nova Scotia
• Ethnic Diversity Survey
• Black Canadian Studies
• Black Settlers in Alberta
• "Is it racist to speak of a 'black community' in Canada?", Toronto Star, February 26, 2006
• Alvin McCurdy - online exhibit at the Archives of Ontario
• Black News Canada: News site for and about Black Canada
• Blacks in Canada: a Long History
• Black History
• History of St. John's Black Community
• Black history in Cape Breton
• The Norval Johnson Heritage Library, Niagara Falls
• Hamilton's Stewart Memorial Community
• The British Columbia Black History Awareness Society
• The Black Historical and Cultural Society, British Columbia
• [=all&full The Road Taken: This film, online at www.nfb.ca/acrosscultures, documents the experiences of Blacks who worked as sleeping-car porters on Canada's major railways from the early 1900s through the 1960s.]
• [=all&full Speakers for the Dead: This film, online at www.nfb.ca/acrosscultures, reveals the hidden history of Blacks in Canada.]
• [=all&full Black Mother Black Daughter: This film, online at www.nfb.ca/acrosscultures, explores the lives and experiences of black women in Nova Scotia.]