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Black Hebrew Israelites (also Black Hebrews, African Hebrew Israelites, Hebrew Israelites) are groups of people of African ancestry situated mostly in the United States who claim to be descendants of the ancient Israelites. They claim that they and many Africans, and blacks in places like Brazil, Madagascar, and the Caribbean are also descended from the Israelites. Image File history File links AmericaAfrica. ... An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ... African American history is the history of an ethnic group in the United States also known as Black Americans. ... Military history of African Americans is that of African Americans in the United States since the arrival of the first black slaves in 1619 to the present day. ... The Atlantic slave trade was the purchase of slaves in and transport from West Africa and Central Africa, into slavery in the New World. ... See also: African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955-1968) The civil rights movement in the United States has been a long, primarily nonviolent struggle to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to all Americans. ... Prominent figures of the African-American Civil Rights Movement. ... The Jim Crow Laws were state and local laws enacted in the Southern and Border States of the United States and enforced between 1876 and 1965 and affected African Americans and many other races. ... Reparations for slavery is a proposal in the United States for the federal government to pay reparations, in various forms, to slave descendants for the suffering and unpaid labor of their ancestors. ... The word Maafa (also known as the African Holocaust or Holocaust of Enslavement) is derived from a Kiswahili word meaning disaster, terrible occurrence or great tragedy. ... A.U.M.P. Church AME Church National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Black Jews may refer to a number of different religious and ethnic groups. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Doctrine of Father Divine are the teachings of the late Father Divine (d. ... Ifá is a system of divination that originated in West Africa among the Yoruba people. ... Voodoo redirects here. ... This poster of a Samoan snake charmer inspired the common image of Mami Wata in Africa. ... An Orisha, also spelled Orisa and Orixa, is a spirit that reflects one of the manifestations of Olodumare (God) in the Yoruba spiritual or religious system. ... Palo Monte, or Regla de Palo is a religion of largely Bantu origin developed by slaves from Central Africa in Cuba. ... Akan may be: Akan people, an ethnic group from western Africa Akan States, any of several states organized in the 16th or 17th century by the Akan people Akan languages, a stock of dialects spoken by the Akan people Akan District, Hokkaido Akan, Hokkaido, a town in Akan District, Hokkaido... Lukumí or Regla de Ocha, most widely known as Santeria, is a set of related religious systems that fuse Catholic beliefs with traditional Yorùbá beliefs. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Garveyism is that aspect of Black Nationalism which takes its source from the works, words and deeds of UNIA-ACL founder Marcus Garvey. ... Black nationalism is a political and social movement arising in the 1960s and early 70s mostly among African Americans in the United States. ... Black supremacy is a racist[1] ideology which holds that black people are superior to other people and is most often thought of in connection with anti-white racism, anti-Semitism and bigotry towards non-black people. ... Pan-African people are all people with African physical features. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... African Americans have had a tremendous impact on left-wing politics in the United States. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Black Capitalism is a name for a movement among African Americans to build wealth through the ownership and development of businesses. ... The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP, generally pronounced as EN Double AY SEE PEE) is one of the oldest and most influential civil rights organizations in the United States. ... The Southern Christian Leadership Conference Logo. ... CORE redirects here. ... The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (or SNCC, pronounced snick) was one of the primary institutions of the American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. ... The Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH) is a non-profit organization founded in Chicago, Illinois, in 1915 as The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History by Carter G. Woodson and Jesse E. Moorland. ... United Negro College Fund logo The United Negro College Fund (UNCF) is a Fairfax, Virginia-based American philanthropic organization that fundraises college tuition money for black students and general scholarship funds for 39 historically black colleges and universities. ... The National Pan-Hellenic Council, Inc. ... The Links, Incorporated is an exclusive non-profit organization based upon the ideals of combining friendship and community service and was was founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on November 9, 1946, from a group of ladies known as the Philadelphia Club to have focuses on civic, cultural, and educational endeavors[1... Sigma Pi Phi is the the oldest surviving black fraternity and generally considered to be the first black fraternity. ... National Black Chamber of Commerce The National Black Chamber of Commerce, (NBCC), was “incorporated in March of 1993, in Washington D.C.” The organizations mission is “To economically empower and sustain African American communities, through the process of entrepreneurship and capitalistic activity within the United States and via interaction with... Bud Fowler, the first professional black baseball player with one of his teams, Western of Keokuk, Iowa The Negro Leagues were American professional baseball leagues comprising predominantly African-American teams. ... African American culture is both part of, and distinct from American culture. ... African American studies, or Black studies, is an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to the study of the history, culture, and politics of African Americans. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... In the United States, Historically black colleges and universities (HBCU) are colleges or universities that were established before 1964 with the intention of serving the African American community. ... African American art is a broad term describing the visual arts of the American black community. ... African American dances in the vernacular tradition (academically known as African American vernacular dance) are those dances which have developed within African American communities in everyday spaces, rather than in dance studios, schools or companies. ... The Color Purple by Alice Walker African American literature is literature written by, about, and sometimes specifically for African Americans. ... African American music (also called black music, formerly known as race music) is an umbrella term given to a range of musical genres emerging from or influenced by the culture of African Americans, who have long constituted a large ethnic minority of the population of the United States. ... This reproduction of a 1900 minstrel show poster, originally published by the Strobridge Litho Co. ... Detail from cover of The Celebrated Negro Melodies, as Sung by the Virginia Minstrels, 1843 The minstrel show, or minstrelsy, was an American entertainment consisting of comic skits, variety acts, dancing, and music, performed by white people in blackface or, especially after the American Civil War, African Americans in blackface. ... African American Vernacular English (AAVE), also called African American English, Black English, Black Vernacular, Black English Vernacular (BEV), Black Vernacular English (BVE), or (usually pejoratively) Jive, is a type variety (dialect, ethnolect and sociolect) of the American English language. ... The Gullah language is a creole language spoken by the Gullah people (also called Geechees), an African American population living on the Sea Islands and the coastal region of the U.S. states of South Carolina and Georgia. ... Louisiana Creole French (Kreyol Lwiziyen) is a French-based creole spoken in Louisiana. ... Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z  (See also) Hank Aaron (born 1934), Baseball Hall of Famer[1] Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (born 1947), basketball player[2] Ralph... This is a list of landmark legislation, court decisions, executive orders, and proclamations in the United States significantly affecting African Americans. ... This is an alphabetical list of African-American-related topics: Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A African American African American contemporary issues African American culture... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa. ... West Indian redirects here. ...

Origins

Adherents of African American and African Caribbean Christianity had long developed a comparison of their experience in the New World with that of the Israelites held in slavery in Egypt, particularly as regards the Book of Exodus. From the mid-eighteenth century a metaphorical embrace of a Hebrew identity was a major element of New World African spirituality. In 1800 members of Gabriel's slave conspiracy in Virginia identified themselves with the Israelites of the Old Testament, as did members of Denmark Vesey's attempted rebellion in 1822. However it was not until later in the nineteenth century that an identification as ancient Hebrews developed from an identification with them. The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ... Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ... Carte dAmérique, Guillaume Delisle, c. ... // Main article: Abolitionism Slavery has existed, in one form or another, through the whole of recorded human history — as have, in various periods, movements to free large or distinct groups of slaves. ... This article is about the second book in the Torah. ... // ON MAY 5 1853 MR.FADER HAD SEX WITH A MAN NAME MR WIEN THEN THEY HAD SON NAMEDMRS COTURE AND MR MANOOGIAN WENT INTO MRS HASKELLS OFFICE NAKED AND DANCED AROUND AND MASTERBATED ON HER CHEST AND SHE LICKED IT OFF THEN THEY HAD ORAL SEEX WITH NAPLOEAN OF... Gabriel (1776–October 10, 1800), today commonly if incorrectly known as Gabriel Prosser, was a slave born in Henrico County, Virginia who planned a failed slave rebellion in the summer of 1800. ... Official language(s) English Capital Richmond Largest city Virginia Beach Area  Ranked 35th  - Total 42,793 sq mi (110,862 km²)  - Width 200 miles (320 km)  - Length 430 miles (690 km)  - % water 7. ... Note: Judaism commonly uses the term Tanakh. ... Denmark Vesey (originally Telemaque, 1767?-1822) was an African American slave and, later, a freeman, who is alleged to have planned what would have been a large slave rebellion had word of the plans not been leaked. ... 1822 (MDCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

Examples

Church of the Living God

F. S. Cherry founded a Black Jewish movement called the Church of God in Philadelphia in 1915. Theologically it mixed Judaism and Christianity, although the Jewish Bible and the Talmud were considered the essential scriptures. Several Jewish practices and prohibitions were observed by Cherry’s flock. The movement has been reported to survive under the leadership of Cherry’s son, but little information about it has been disseminated. 11th century Targum Tanakh [תנ״ך] (also spelt Tanach or Tenach) is an acronym for the three parts of the Hebrew Bible, based upon the initial Hebrew letters of each part: Torah [תורה] (The Law; also: Teaching or Instruction), Chumash [חומש] (The... The first page of the Vilna Edition of the Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Berachot, folio 2a The Talmud (Hebrew: תלמוד) is a record of rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history. ...

Church of God and Saints of Christ

The Church of God and Saints of Christ is a Black Hebrew Israelite religious congregation organized in 1896 by William Saunders Crowdy. They claim to be the oldest African-American congregation in the United States that adheres to the tenets of Judaism. The members of this congregation also believe they are descendants of the “lost tribes of Israel.” In 1906, Crowdy passed his mantle of leadership to three successors: Chief Joseph W. Crowdy, Bishop William H. Plummer, and Counselor Calvin S. Skinner. Counselor Skinner consecrated for leadership Rabbi Howard Z. Plummer, who prior to his demise ordained Rabbi Levi S. Plummer. Currently, the congregation is led by Rabbi Jehu A. Crowdy, Jr. The Church of God and Saints of Christ has its headquarters in Belleville (Suffolk), Virginia with tabernacles across the United States, Jamaica, and Africa. Religious sect founded in 1896 by Prophet William S. Crowdy. ... Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar). ... William Saunders Crowdy (August 11, 1847 - August 4, 1908) was an early Black Hebrew Israelite who founded the Church of God and Saints of Christ in 1896. ... Judaism is the religion of the Jewish people. ... Lost Ten Tribes, also referenced as the Ten Lost Tribes or the Lost Ten Tribes of Israel, usually refers to ten of the tribes of the ancient Kingdom of Israel that were reported lost after the Kingdom of Israel was totally destroyed, enslaved and exiled by ancient Assyria. ... Rabbi Jehu August Crowdy, Jr. ... Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia Coordinates: Country United States State Virginia County Independent City Founded 1742 Mayor Linda T. Johnson Area    - City 1,111. ...

African Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem

The African Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem is a small spiritual group whose members believe they are descended from the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel. With a population of over 3000, most members live in their own community in Dimona, Israel. They have recently been awarded permanent residency status in Israel, have built their own k-12 school, Bet Sefir Akhvah, recently the members of the community began to enlist in the Israel Defense Forces, as their residency status exempts them from full citizenship. The Black Hebrews practice polygyny and adhere to a strict vegan diet as part of a complete holistic lifestyle [1]. The African Hebrew Israelite Nation of Jerusalem (also known as The African Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem or Black Hebrews) is a small religious group whose members believe they are descended from the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel. ... It has been suggested that Israelite Diaspora be merged into this article or section. ... Dimona is an Israeli city in the Negev desert, 36 kilometers to the south of Beer-Sheva and 35 kilometers west of the Dead Sea in the Southern District of Israel. ... The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (Hebrew: ‎  , [Army] Force for the Defense of Israel), often abbreviated with the Hebrew acronym צהל Tsahal, alternative English spelling Tzahal, is the name of Israels military forces, comprising the Israeli Army, the Israeli Air Force and the Israeli Sea Corps. ... The term polygyny (neo-Greek: poly+gune Many + Wives) is used in related ways in social anthropology and sociobiology. ... Hens kept in cramped conditions — the avoidance of animal suffering is the primary motivation of people who become vegans A vegan is a person who avoids the ingestion or use of animal products. ...

Israelite Church of GOD in Jesus Christ

Perhaps one of the most widespread and powerful groups, the ICGJC has undergone some evolution and has grown over the last forty years. The group was started by a man named Abba Bivens in 1960s Harlem. It was originally called the Israeli School of Universal Practical Knowledge (ISUPK), but later changed its name to the Israeli Church of Universal Practical Knowledge (ICUPK) as part of a plan to get tax exemption status, though some splinter groups still call themselves ISUPK. The calling of their church "Israeli" rather than "Israelite" was confusing to many believers and non-believers (as they were also adamant about distinguishing themselves from the Jewish people in Israel), so they made the necessary adjustments, and eventually changed their name to the Israelite Church of GOD in Jesus Christ (ICGJC). The ICGJC has undergone some evolution and has grown over the last forty years. ... For other uses, see Harlem (disambiguation). ... A tax exemption is an exemption to the tax law of a state or nation in which part of the taxes that would normally be collected from an individual or an organization are instead foregone. ...

Unlike other BHI groups, ICGJC is also open to Native Americans, who are Israelites according to their interpretation of the bible. (This is one of the many teachings that separates the Israelite Church from all the others). They also teach that the so-called West Indians, Cubans, Seminole Indians, Argentineans, Chileans, Colombians, Uruguayans, people in Panama, and Mexicans are of the 12 Tribes of Israel too. A Hupa man. ... The Caribbean or the West Indies is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea. ... The Seminole are a Native American Indian people, originally of Florida. ...

One of its practices is the belief that "as long as you hear the word and believe the word of GOD you are an Israelite" and the church professes that Israelites are scattered throughout the world. In their communications, the group calls itself "The Israelite Church of GOD in Jesus Christ" and capitalizes the word "God" in their name as "GOD", they teach that Jesus Christ is God.

Various "splinter" groups claim to teach the same things, but can be very loosely grouped together. The church also teaches that these groups are fulfilling scripture according to 1 John 2:18-23.Their leader is a young man named Tazadaqyah,they teach he is the "comforter";the spirit of Christ on earth. Only following him can you get the kingdom of heaven. The Israelite Church of God in Jesus Christ also advocates a King-James-Version-only approach to the Bible (i.e. they only endorse the KJV as scripture). Their teachings reveal that the white people are Edomites according to scripture (other so-called "Black Israelite" rebel sects declare white people to be descendants of Japhet, but the Israelite Church denies this statement), and speak לשון קודש, "Lashawan Qawadash" ("[The] Holy Tongue", which has no sytematic grammar, and is merely composed of a few conversational Hebrew expressions, spoken in a thick American accent, without any vowels except 'a' and 'i' -- the group alleges that an 'Edomite [i.e., Jewish] Conspiracy' devised diacritical marks in order to corrupt it). The current leader is a young man named Tazadaqyah, they believe he is the "comforter",the presence of Christ on earth. The Israelites can be seen preaching on the streets of many American cities. They also produce a television show called "The Hidden Truth" which is aired on cable public access stations throughout the United States. Websites endorsing the Israelite community include www.theholyconceptionunit.org and www.ICGJCMD.org Edom (אֱדוֹם, Standard Hebrew Edom, Tiberian Hebrew ʾĔḏôm) sounds like the Biblical Hebrew word for red and is a vividly apposite designation for the red sandstones of Edom. ... Japheth (יֶפֶת / יָפֶת Enlarge, Standard Hebrew Yéfet / Yáfet, Tiberian Hebrew Yép̄eṯ / Yāp̄eṯ) is one of the sons of Noah in the Bible. ... The word Hebrew most likely means to cross over, referring to the Semitic people crossing over the Euphrates River. ... In Hebrew orthography, Niqqud or Nikkud (Standard Hebrew נִקּוּד, Biblical Hebrew נְקֻדּוֹת, Tiberian Hebrew vowels) is the system of diacritical vowel points (or vowel marks) in the Hebrew alphabet. ...

Racism and Anti-Semitism

Because their faith is only open to Black people, some Black Hebrew Israelite groups have been accused of racism and of being "in some ways mirror images of the Christian Identity groups."[2] Also, because of the focus of groups like Israelite Heritage (http://www.hebrewisraelites.org), Christian Israelite Network (http://www.israelite.net/) and Nation of Yahweh on Jews, whom they insist are not Israelites at all, but rather Edomites and Khazars acting on behalf of Satan[3][4] and secretly controlling the United States[5], they have been accused of anti-Semitism. According to the ADL, "Tragically, though Blacks have long been victimized by racism, some African-Americans have turned to the propaganda of racial hate." [6]. Manifestations Slavery · Racial profiling · Lynching Hate speech · Hate crime · Gay bashing Genocide · Holocaust · Pogrom Ethnocide · Ethnic cleansing · Race war Religious persecution Movements Discriminatory Aryanism · Neo-Nazism · Hate groups White/Black/Latino supremacy Radical Islam · Fundamentalism · Kahanism Anti-discriminatory Abolitionism · Civil rights · Gay rights Womens/Universal suffrage Childrens rights... Christian Identity is a label applied to a wide variety of loosely-affiliated groups and churches with a racialized theology. ... Nation of Yahweh is a radical offshoot of the Black Hebrew Israelites line of thought created by Yahweh ben Yahweh. ... Edom (אֱדוֹם, Standard Hebrew Edom, Tiberian Hebrew ʾĔḏôm, Assyrian Udumi, Syriac ܐܕܘܡ), a Hebrew word meaning red, is a name given to Esau in the Hebrew Bible, as well as to the nation that purportedly traced their ancestry to him. ... The Khazars were a Turkic semi-nomadic people from Central Asia who adopted Judaism. ... For other uses, see Satan (disambiguation). ... The Eternal Jew: 1937 German poster. ... Adl is an Arabic term roughly meaning Justice. It is used in the everyday sense of the word: for example, wizeer al-adl translates to The Minister of Justice. ...

See also

• Church of God and Saints of Christ
• African Hebrew Israelite Nation of Jerusalem
• British Israelism
• Nation of Yahweh
• Black supremacy

Religious sect founded in 1896 by Prophet William S. Crowdy. ... The African Hebrew Israelite Nation of Jerusalem (also known as Black Hebrews) is a small religious group whose members believe they are descended from the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel. ... British Israelism (sometimes called Anglo-Israelism) is a complex set of theories, not necessarily compatible with each other, that have in common the idea that some ancient British people and/or royal lineages were direct lineal descendants of Lost Tribes of Israel. ... Nation of Yahweh is a radical offshoot of the Black Hebrew Israelites line of thought created by Yahweh ben Yahweh. ... Black supremacy is a racist[1] ideology which holds that black people are superior to other people and is most often thought of in connection with anti-white racism, anti-Semitism and bigotry towards non-black people. ...

External links

• 12 Tribes of Israel
• The Gospel: Raw, Uncut & Unheard!
• The Hebrew Israelite Story
• Israelite Nation World Wide Ministries
• Church of God and Saints of Christ
• Israelite Heritage
• The lawkeepers
• Hebrew or the So-Called Negro DVD
• SPLC article on Yahweh Ben Yahweh