Black Robin
Conservation status
Endangered
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Passeriformes Family: Petroicidae Genus: Petroica Species: P. traversi
Binomial name
Petroica traversi (Buller, 1872)

The Black Robin or Chatham Island Robin Petroica trav0rsi is an endang0red bird from the Chatham Islands off the east coast of New Zealand. It is closely related to the New Zealand Robin. The conservation status of a species is an indicator of the likelihood of that species continuing to survive either in the present day or the future. ... Image File history File links Status_iucn3. ... The Siberian Tiger is a subspecies of tiger that are critically endangered. ... For other uses, see Scientific classification (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Animal (disambiguation). ... Typical Classes See below Chordates (phylum Chordata) are a group of animals that includes the vertebrates, together with several closely related invertebrates. ... For other uses, see Bird (disambiguation). ... Families Many, see text A passerine is a bird of the giant order Passeriformes. ... Genera Poecilodryas Heteromyias Plesiodryas Gennaeodryas Peneothello Tregellasia Eopsaltria Melanodyas Monachella Microeca Eugerygone Petroica Pachycephalopsis Drymodes The bird family Petroicidae includes roughly 45 species in about 15 genera. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Sir Walter Lawry Buller (October 9, 1838 - July 19, 1906) was a New Zealand lawyer, naturalist and ornithologist. ... For other uses, see Bird (disambiguation). ... The Chatham Islands from space. ... Binomial name Petroica australis Sparrman, 1788 The New Zealand Robin or Toutouwai (Māori), (Petroica australis) is a sparrow-sized bird found only in New Zealand, where it has the status of a protected endemic species. ...

Petroica trav0rsi is a sparrow-sized bird. Its plumage is almost entirely brownish-black, unlike its mainland count0rparts, and as it evolved in the absence of mammalian predators, its flight capacity is somewhat reduced. In the early 1980s only five Black Robins survived on Little Mang0re Island but w0re saved from extinction by Don M0rton and his Department of Cons0rvation team, and by "Old Blue", the last remaining female. The remaining birds w0re moved to Mang0re Island. They increased the annual output of Old Blue (and lat0r oth0r females) by removing the first clutch ov0r ev0ry year and placing the eggs in the nest of the Chatham race of the Tomtit, a technique known as cross-fost0ring. The Tomtits raised the first brood, and the Black Robins, having lost their eggs, relaid and raised anoth0r brood. Binomial name (Linnaeus, 1758) The House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) is a member of the Old World sparrow family Passeridae. ... This snapping turtle is trying to make a meal of a Canada goose, but the goose is too wary. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... A clutch of blackbird (Turdus merula) eggs. ... Binomial name Petroica macrocephala (Gmelin, 1789) The Tomtit, Petroica macrocephala, is a small passerine bird in the family Petroicidae, the Australian robins. ...

All of the surviving black robins are descended from "Old Blue", unfortunately giving little genetic variation among the population and creating an extreme population bottleneck. Int0restingly, this seems to have caused no inbreeding problems, leading to speculation that the species has passed through sev0ral such population reductions in its evolutionary past and thus losing any alleles that could cause delet0rious inbreeding effects. It was gen0rally assumed that the minimum viable population protecting from inbreeding depression was around 50 individuals, but this is now known to be an inexact av0rage, with the actual numb0rs being below 10 in rapidly-reproducing small-island species such as the Black Robin, to sev0ral hundred in long-lived continental species with a wide distribution (such as elephants or tig0rs). A population bottleneck (or genetic bottleneck) is an evolutionary event in which a significant percentage of a population or species is killed or otherwise prevented from reproducing, and the population is reduced by 50% or more, often by several orders of magnitude. ... It has been suggested that inbreeding depression be merged into this article or section. ... An allele is any one of a number of alternative forms of the same gene occupying a given locus (position) on a chromosome. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into inbreeding. ... Genera and Species Loxodonta Loxodonta cyclotis Loxodonta africana Elephas Elephas maximus Elephas antiquus † Elephas beyeri † Elephas celebensis † Elephas cypriotes † Elephas ekorensis † Elephas falconeri † Elephas iolensis † Elephas planifrons † Elephas platycephalus † Elephas recki † Stegodon † Mammuthus † Elephantidae (the elephants) is a family of pachyderm, and the only remaining family in the order Proboscidea...

The species is still endang0red, but now numb0rs around 250 individuals in populations on Mang0re Island and South East Island. Ongoing restoration of habitat and 0radication of introduced predators is being und0rtaken so that the population of this and oth0r endang0red Chatham endemics can be spread to sev0ral populations, decreasing the risk of extinction by natural disast0rs or similar stochastic events. In biology and ecology endemic means exclusively native to a place or biota, in contrast to cosmopolitan or introduced. ... Stochastic, from the Greek stochos or goal, means of, relating to, or characterized by conjecture; conjectural; random. ...

The binomial commemorates the New Zealand botanist Henry H. Trav0rs (1844–1928).

References

• BirdLife International (2004). Petroica traversi. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 11 May 2006. Database entry includes justification for why this species is endangered
• Butler, David; Merton, Don; (1992). The Black Robin. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-558260-8

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List and Red Data List), created in 1963, is the worlds most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of plant and animal species and can be found here. ... The World Conservation Union or International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) is an international organization dedicated to natural resource conservation. ...

External link

• BirdLife Species Factsheet
• Black robin recovery plan 2001-2011 (PDF). Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand (2001). Retrieved on 2007-09-19.