A black money scam is a scam where con artists attempt to steal money from a victim by persuading him that piles of banknote-sized paper in a trunk or a safe is really money which has been dyed black (e.g. to avoid detection by customs). The victim is persuaded to pay for chemicals to wash the "money" with a promise that he will share in the proceeds. A confidence trick, confidence game, or con for short, (also known as a scam) is an attempt to intentionally mislead a person or persons (known as the mark) usually with the goal of financial or other gain. ... A confidence trick, confidence game, or con for short, (also known as a scam) is an attempt to intentionally mislead a person or persons (known as the mark) usually with the goal of financial or other gain. ...

The black money scam first appeared around the year 2000. It is yet another variation of what is known as advance fee fraud. Advance fee fraud, often also known as the Nigerian money transfer fraud, Nigerian scam or 419 scam after the relevant section of the Nigerian Criminal Code that it violates[1], is a fraudulent scheme to extract money from victims after making them believe they will get an immense fortune. ...

Phases of the scam

First contact

Typically the scammer will send out thousands, if not millions of e-mails to real and random e-mail addresses, hoping for a few replies. The initial message may read something like this:

I am a lawyer in Belgium and I am charged with seeking the rightful heir to certain assets which were deposited many years ago with a security company here in Brussells by a man who who died a few years ago. We have made extensive searches to find any living heirs, but without success. A man with your name is named in the Will and Testament as being the only beneficiary of these assets. We believe that you may be the person entitled and are writing to enquire if you have any dead relatives or friends who may have named you as a beneficiary of these assets in their will and testament. If so please let us have their names and any other information so we can check if you are indeed the beneficiary. The amount of the assets is $150'000, and one large trunk, contents unknown. Please reply soonest since the time period for claims is expiring in the next few weeks and any un-claimed assets will be forfeited to the government. If you are the beneficiary, we will make immediate arrangements to pay the funds to your bank and to ship the sealed trunk to your home. Emblem of the Brussels-Capital Region Flag of The City of Brussels Brussels (French: Bruxelles, pronounced in Belgian French and in International French; Dutch: Brussel; German: Brüssel) is the capital of Belgium, the French community of Belgium, the Flemish community and one of the three capitals of the European...

The victim may reply with details of some dead relatives, and then receives a reply informing him that indeed one of them is the deceased. The beneficiary (victim) is urged to keep quiet about the funds in case other claimants come forward. The victim is asked to complete certain paperwork, or provide proof of identity and bank account details. Certain discussions may take place on the phone between scammer and the victim in which the scammer attempts to obtain information about the victim and the deceased relative, which will be used as needed later to embellish the story and to give credulity to the existence of huge sums of money being hidden in the safety deposit box/trunk. All this is fiction of course, as there is no money, no trunk and the dead person never left any assets in Belgium. But the victim does not know he is being hoodwinked.

Advance fees: the fraud starts

As the communications between the two parties continue, it will become necessary for certain fees and expenses to be paid, including government taxes, or death duties. In reality, there are no such taxes to be paid. However the need to pay fees or taxes is used as an excuse to make any free funds vanish, and/or to extract funds from the victim.

A trunk full of black money?

Eventually by various means and devices the victim will be persuaded that the trunk contains a very large amount of cash which had a legitimate, or not so legitimate, reason for all this money to be in cash. Furthermore, the money has all been stained black to avoid detection by customs. A valid reason for this will be given: "The deceased traded in African artefacts and had to pay for some expensive items in cash before he died. To avoid customs problems and theft the money had to be stained black" The victim is assured that the chemical needed for washing the money is also in the trunk.

The victim may have already coughed up some money to pay fees and taxes, and he may now be invited to pay the shipping expenses of the trunk to his home country. Whether paid or not, the trunk will not be shipped and further sums will be demanded on various pretexts, such as taxes, security company fees, money transfer fees, legalisation fees, export permissions, etc. The list is endless.

Victim goes to see the money

When at some point the victim is having doubts, or showing reluctance to pay any more, he will be invited to Brussels to inspect the contents of the safety deposit trunk himself. With much ceremony and pomp, the box will be opened to reveal the black paper. The victim will be informed that these are banknotes stained black with an almost unwashable chemical but that a chemical exists which can clean the banknotes.

Washing a small sample of the black "money"

Then the conman will produce a small vial of the washing liquid and ask the victim to select any black bank note at random. This done, the conman proceeds to wash the banknote in the chemical, performing a sleight of hand, substituting real note which is washed. There will be insufficient liquid to wash any more money, or the conman may simply "knock" the bottle on the floor.

More fund needed to pay for washing chemical fluid

The victim can not take away the trunk, or any notes, since he is informed that the taxes have not been paid, but once the notes are "washed", it will be easy to pay the taxes and there will be millions left over. The victim is persuaded that he must buy the chemical to wash the notes, and of course the chemical cleaning fluid is "very expensive". Once again the victim parts with money to the fraudster.

Delay after delay, more fees, no money

The fraudsters will continue to find excuses as to why the victim can not have his money just yet, but will always promise it after one "last and absolutely final step", which obviously involves the payment of yet another fee by the victim. The scammers will continue to milk the victim until they are sure he has no more money, and that he can not get any by begging and borrowing from banks or friends, or until the victim realises that he is being scammed, and gets the police involved. Needless to say the money is usually long gone by the time the police are involved.

Reporting of the crime

Most such frauds are not reported by the victims for several reasons. Firstly they may feel terribly ashamed that they could be so stupid and naïve. Secondly, many of the scams will involve the victim knowingly agreeing to receive the proceeds of a crime - e.g. he may be informed that it is drug money, tax evasion money, or simply stolen. Sometimes the scammer will have persuaded the victim to incriminate himself, e.g by falsifying a document, or lying on a tax declaration etc. The victim may thus be reluctant to come forward and admit that he was knowingly participating in what he thought was a criminal scheme.

Origins

The Black Currency Scam is believed to be based on centuries of old traditional Western African con called the "Red mercury" scam. Red mercury is a discredited substance that was thought to be used in the creation of nuclear bombs (some believed that red mercury was a ballotechnic material). ...

Why scams like these are often successful

It is said that there is a fool born every minute, and that is probably true. Whilst scams such as these are widely published and circulated on the internet and sometimes in the mainstream press, there will always be new-comers to the internet (newbies), and those who simply do not read much. Consequently there is a large percentage of the non-sophisticated population who have simply never heard of the scams. Whilst some of them may be smart and realise that there is no such thing as a free lunch, others are more gullible. Even some who are at first a little dubious may respond to the initial communcation, "just in case it is for real". Scammers are skilled at differentiating the dubious from the gullible. The gullible might write something like "please pay the money to my bank at....", whilst someone who is more dubious may ask some questions, and state that he is "not prepared to pay out any fees or expenses...". Depending on how the scammer assesses his victim he may go for a quick win (by asking for a small fee), or assure the victim that "absolutely no fees or commissions of any kind need to be paid until after he has received all the money". Needless to say, the aim is to get a dialogue going which may be followed up by phone conversations with the aim of persuading the victim that it is definitely legitimate and there is absolutely no risk. Eventually, when delays or administrative issues appear to get in the way of transferring the money, or securing the release of the security trunks, a small fee or tax may be requested to pay the security company, or a local government. As a gesture of goodwill the scammer may offer to "pay" part or all of the fee is the poor victim is hesitant.

Links to news articles about black money scams

• BBC An article from the BBC on how a businessman was conned out of $742,000.
• Nigerian Scams A site dedicated to scams of all kinds.
• Fraudaid How to do it.
• Sad tales from victims