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From 1830-1833, the Latter Day Saint movement had no policy regarding race. When the Mormons migrated to Missouri they encountered the pro-slavery sentiments of their neighbors. Initially, Joseph Smith, Jr. supported the laws regarding slaves and slaveholders as a matter of peace and order, but eventually rejected the institution and supported its abolishment. Smith also welcomed free blacks into the church, and ordained black men to the priesthood. The Latter Day Saint movement (a subset of Restorationism) is a group of religious denominations and adherents who follow at least some of the teachings and revelations of Joseph Smith, Jr. ...
The term Mormon is a colloquial name, most-often used to refer to members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). ...
Official language(s) English Capital Jefferson City Largest city Kansas City Largest metro area St Louis Metro[1] Area Ranked 21st - Total 69,709 sq mi (180,693 km²) - Width 240 miles (385 km) - Length 300 miles (480 km) - % water 1. ...
Joseph Smith, Jr. ...
In The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, priesthood is considered to be the power and authority to act in the name of God, including the performance of sacred rites and ordinances, and the performance of miracles. ...
Following the death of Joseph Smith, Jr. and the succession crisis, leaders of one Latter Day Saint movement denomination, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, began to exclude blacks from priesthood ordination and from participation in temple ceremonies. Brigham Young taught that any person who married a person of black skin should be subject to death. Main article: Joseph Smith, Jr. ...
The Succession Crisis in the Latter Day Saint movement occurred after the violent death of the movements founder, Joseph Smith, Jr. ...
The Latter Day Saint movement (a subset of Restorationism) is a group of religious denominations and adherents who follow at least some of the teachings and revelations of Joseph Smith, Jr. ...
The Salt Lake Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the largest attraction in the citys Temple Square. ...
- Shall I tell you of the law of God in regards to the African race? If the white man who belongs to the chosen seed mixes his blood with the seed of Cain, the penalty under the law of God is death on the spot. This will always be so".[1]
Many of the references which resulted in this treatment of persons of African ancestry had their origins in the Book of Abraham. The theology and teachings contained in the Latter Day Saints Book of Abraham remain today as canonized Church Scripture, though most modern Mormons now interpret those teachings in non-racist ways. Joseph Smith, Jr. taught that in the pre-existence, one third of the angels of heaven fought against God. In 1845, the year after Smith's death, Orson Hyde also taught that of the two-thirds that were to come to earth, one-third remained neutral, and as punishment, God forced this neutral third of spirits in the pre-existence to take bodies of the accursed lineage of Cain (African ancestry) and that they lent their influence to the devil. [2] The Book of Abraham is a text published as part of the Pearl of Great Price, one of the four canonical scriptures of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. ...
The Book of Abraham is a text published as part of the Pearl of Great Price, one of the four canonical scriptures of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. ...
Joseph Smith, Jr. ...
Orson Hyde Orson Hyde (January 8, 1805 – November 28, 1878) was a leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and an original member of the Quorum of Twelve Apostles. ...
These practices continued until 1978, when after years of internal debate, church leaders declared they had received a revelation from God discontinuing the practice of discrimination on the basis of race.[3]
Other Mormon denominations dealt with the issue differently. The Community of Christ and the Strangites have always allowed blacks to hold the priesthood and participate fully in the religion. The Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints and other Mormon fundamentalist groups continue the practice of exclusion based on race. It has been suggested that Community of Christ membership statistics be merged into this article or section. ...
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, also known as the Strangite church, is a denomination of the Latter Day Saint movement. ...
The FLDS Temple near Eldorado, Texas The Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (FLDS) is a group of Mormon fundamentalists. ...
Teens From Polygamous Families protested on August 19, 2006 In Salt Lake City Mormon fundamentalism most often describes splinter movements of Mormonism that believe or practice what its adherents consider the fundamental aspects of Mormonism. ...
Racial doctrines during the movement's New York era (1820s and early 1830s)
The first reference in Latter Day Saint writings describing dark skin as a curse and mark from God refers to Lamanites, rather than African Americans.[4] The Book of Mormon, published in the late 1820s, states the following about Lamanites, believed to be ancestors of some present day Native Americans: The term Latter Day Saint most commonly refers to (but is not limited to) members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints which, its members believe, was founded under the direction of Jesus Christ by the prophet Joseph Smith, Jr. ...
In The Book of Mormon, a Lamanite (BoM Arabic لاماني Lāmānī) is a member of one of three main tribes described in the book. ...
The Book of Mormon[1] is one of the sacred texts of the Latter Day Saint movement, regarded by Latter Day Saints as divinely revealed, and named after the prophet-historian Mormon who, according to the text, compiled most of the book. ...
Nationalistic independence helped reshape the world during this decade: Greece gains independence from the Ottoman Empire in the Greek War of Independence (1821-1827). ...
And [God] had caused the cursing to come upon them, yea, even a sore cursing, because of their iniquity. For behold, they had hardened their hearts against him, that they had become like unto a flint; wherefore, as they were white, and exceedingly fair and delightsome, that they might not be enticing unto my people, the Lord God did cause a skin of blackness to come upon them. And thus saith the Lord God; I will cause that they shall be loathsome unto thy people, save they shall repent of their iniquities." (2 Nephi 5:21, emphasis added) The section goes on to forbid miscegnation (2 Nephi 5:23), and then to accuse the Lamanites of being idle and "full of mischief and subtlety" (2 Nephi 5:24). Miscegenation is an archaic term invented in 1863 to describe people of different human races (usually one European and one African) producing offspring; the use of this term is invariably restricted to those who believe that the category race is meaningful when applied to human beings. ...
Another group of Lamanites identified as Anti-Nephi-Lehies or Ammonites who converted to the belief in God, appeared to lose this curse. The Book of Mormon records, "they did open a correspondence with them, and the curse of God did no more follow them," (Alma 23:18) And later, the Book of Mormon claims that an additional group of Lamanites converted and that "their curse was taken from them, and their skin became white like unto the Nephites... and they were numbered among the Nephites, and were called Nephites." (3 Nephi 2:15-16). The Ammonites were a group from the Book of Mormon also known as Anti-Nephi-Lehies. ...
Having separated themselves from the people of God, the Lamanites had regressed into a state of ignorance and iniquity and, by doing so, had cursed themselves and their posterity. The black skin represented their spiritual blindness and constituted the mark of the curse (see 2 Nephi 30:6).
The Book of Mormon did not countenance any form of curse-based discrimination. It stated that the Lord "denieth none that come unto him, black and white, bond and free, male and female; and he remembereth the heathen; and all are alike unto God, both Jew and Gentile". (2 Nephi 26:33). In fact, prejudice against people of dark skin was condemned:
O my brethren, I fear that unless ye shall repent of your sins that their skins will be whiter than yours, when ye shall be brought with them before the throne of God. Wherefore, a commandment I give unto you, which is the word of God, that ye revile no more against them because of the darkness of their skins; neither shall ye revile against them because of their filthiness..." (Jacob 3:8-9). Black skin was also associated with a curse of hot climate in Smith's translation of the Bible, circa 1830 , which describes a pre-deluge people called the "people of Canaan" (not to be confused with Canaan, the son of Ham, or the Biblical Canaanites), who were cursed because they fought against the "people of Shum." This Gutenberg Bible is displayed by the United States Library. ...
The Deluge by Gustave Doré. The story of a Great Flood sent by a deity or deities to destroy civilization as an act of divine retribution is a widespread theme in Greek and many other cultural myths. ...
Ham (×—Ö¸×, Standard Hebrew , Tiberian Hebrew , , Geez Kam), according to the Genealogies of Genesis, was a son of Noah and the father of Cush, Mizraim, Phut, and Canaan. ...
For other uses, see Canaan (disambiguation). ...
"For behold, the Lord shall curse the land with much heat, and the barrenness thereof shall go forth forever; and there was a blackness came upon all the children of Canaan, that they were despised among all people." (Moses 7:8). There is no clear indication from Smith's translation of the Bible that the "people of Canaan" survived the deluge, or that they have any relationship to modern blacks, or that the black skin was hereditary rather than a result of exposure to the sun. However, the Book of Abraham, part of the Pearl of Great Price, which is accepted as scripture of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints indicates that the king of Egypt was a descendent of Ham and "a partaker of the blood of the Canaanites by birth" through Ham's union with the woman Egyptus. The passage goes on to state, "and thus the blood of the Canaanites was preserved in the land." (see http://scriptures.lds.org/en/abr/1/21,22#22) This Gutenberg Bible is displayed by the United States Library. ...
The Deluge by Gustave Doré. The story of a Great Flood sent by a deity or deities to destroy civilization as an act of divine retribution is a widespread theme in Greek and many other cultural myths. ...
The Book of Abraham is a text published as part of the Pearl of Great Price, one of the four canonical scriptures of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. ...
Illustration of the Parable of the Pearl of Great Price, by John Everett Millais, from Parables of our lord (1864) The Pearl of Great Price is a parable told by Jesus in explaining the value of the Kingdom of Heaven, according to Matthew 13:45-46. ...
Movement and the politics of slavery in the Missouri era (early 1830s to 1838) In the summer of 1833, W. W. Phelps published an article in the church's newspaper, seeming to invite free blacks into the state to become Mormons, and reflecting "in connection with the wonderful events of this age, much is doing towards abolishing slavery, and colonizing the blacks, in Africa." ("Free People of Color"). Outrage followed Phelps' comments, (Roberts [1930] 1965, p. 378.) and he was forced to reverse his position, which he claimed was "misunderstood", but this reversal did not end the controversy, and the Mormons were violently expelled from Jackson County, Missouri five months later in December 1833 (Bush & Mauss 1984, p. 55). Year 1833 (MDCCCXXXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
William Wines Phelps (also W.W. Phelps, and William W. Phelps) (February 17, 1792–March 7, 1872) was an important early leader of the Latter Day Saint movement. ...
Year 1833 (MDCCCXXXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
Coincidentally, on (December 16, 1833), Joseph Smith, Jr. dictated a passage in the Doctrine and Covenants stating that "it is not right that any man should be in bondage to another." (Covenant 101:79). December 16 is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1833 (MDCCCXXXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
Joseph Smith, Jr. ...
In 1835 , the Church issued an official statement indicating that because the United States government allowed slavery, the Church would not "interfere with bond-servants, neither preach the gospel to, nor baptize them contrary to the will and wish of their masters, nor meddle with or influence them in the least to cause them to be dissatisfied with their situations in this life, thereby jeopardizing the lives of men." (LDS D&C Covenant 134:12). Doctrine and Covenants The Doctrine and Covenants (sometimes referred to as the D&C) is a part of the open scriptural canon of Mormonism. ...
On February 6, 1835, a prominent leader of the Mormons, W. W. Phelps, wrote a letter theorizing that the curse of Cain survived the deluge by passing through the wife of Ham, son of Noah, who according to Phelps was a descendant of Cain. (Messenger and Advocate 1:82) In addition, Phelps introduced the idea of a third curse upon Ham himself for "marrying a black wife". (Id.) This black wife, according to Phelps, was not just a descendant of Cain, but one of the pre-flood "people of Canaan" (not directly related to the Biblical Canaanites after the flood). February 6 is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
| Come and take it, slogan of the Texas Revolution 1835 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...
William Wines Phelps (also W.W. Phelps, and William W. Phelps) (February 17, 1792–March 7, 1872) was an important early leader of the Latter Day Saint movement. ...
In Christianity and Judaism, the curse of Cain and the mark of Cain refer to the Biblical passages in the Book of Genesis chapter 4, where God declared that Cain, the firstborn of Adam and Eve, was cursed, and placed a mark upon him to warn others that killing Cain...
Ham (×—Ö¸×, Standard Hebrew , Tiberian Hebrew , , Geez Kam), according to the Genealogies of Genesis, was a son of Noah and the father of Cush, Mizraim, Phut, and Canaan. ...
Ham (×—Ö¸×, Standard Hebrew , Tiberian Hebrew , , Geez Kam), according to the Genealogies of Genesis, was a son of Noah and the father of Cush, Mizraim, Phut, and Canaan. ...
In stories common to the Abrahamic religions, Cain or Káyin (קַיִן / קָיִן spear Standard Hebrew Qáyin, Tiberian Hebrew Qáyin / QÄyin; Arabic قايين QÄyÄ«n in the Arabic Bible; قابيل QÄbÄ«l in Islam) is the eldest son of Adam and Eve, and the first man born in creation...
For other uses, see Canaan (disambiguation). ...
In 1836, the rules established by the church for governing assemblies in the Kirtland Temple included attendees who were “bond or free, black or white.” (History of the Church, Vol.2, Ch.26, p.368)
Writing for the Messenger and Advocate (April 9, 1836) newspaper on the subject of slavery, Joseph Smith states: is the 99th day of the year (100th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1836 (MDCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
"After having expressed myself so freely upon this subject, I do not doubt but those who have been forward in raising their voice against the South, will cry out against me as being uncharitable, unfeeling and unkind-wholly unacquainted with the gospel of Christ. It is my privilege then, to name certain passages from the bible, and examine the teachings of the ancients upon this nature, as the fact is incontrovertible, that the first mention we have of slavery is found in the holy bible, pronounced by a man who was perfect in his generation and walked with God. And so far from that prediction's being averse from the mind of God it remains as a lasting monument of the decree of Jehovah, to the shame and confusion of all who have cried out against the South, in consequence of their holding the sons of Ham in servitude! "And he said cursed be Canaan; a servant of servants shall he be unto his brethren. And he said, Blessed be the Lord God of Shem; and Canaan shall be his servant. God shall enlarge Japheth, and he shall dwell in the tents of Shem and Canaan shall be his servant." —Genesis 9:25-27 "Trace the history of the world from this notable event down to this day, and you will find the fulfillment of this singular prophecy. What could have been the design of the Almighty in this wonderful occurrence is not for me to say; but I can say that the curse is not yet taken off the sons of Canaan, neither will be until it is affected by as great power as caused it to come; and the people who interfere the least with the decrees and purposes of God in this matter, will come under the least condemnation before him; and those who are determined to pursue a course which shows an opposition and a feverish restlessness against the designs of the Lord, will learn, when perhaps it is too late for their own good, that God can do his own work without the aid of those who are not dictate by his counsel." - (Joseph Smith Jr., Messenger and Advocate Vol. II, No. 7, April 1836 , p. 290; History of the Church, Vol. 2, Ch. 30, pp. 436-40.) April 1836 , in the Messenger and Advocate pg. 290 Vol. II. No. 7. Kirtland, Ohio, Smith said the following: Thinking, perhaps, that the sound might go out, that "an abolitionist" had held forth several times to this community, and that the public feeling was not aroused to create mobs or disturbances, leaving the impression that all he said was concurred in, and received as gospel and the word of salvation. I am happy to say, that no violence or breach of the public peace was attempted, so far from this, that all except a very few, attended to their own avocations and left the gentleman to hold forth his own arguments to nearly naked walls. In 1836, Warren Parrish (Smith's secretary) wrote regarding the sentiments of the people of Kirtland: Not long since a gentleman of the Presbyterian faith came to this town (Kirtland) and proposed to lecture upon the abolition question. Knowing that there was a large branch of the church of Latter Day Saints in this place, who, as a people, are liberal in our sentiments; he no doubt anticipated great success in establishing his doctrine among us. But in this he was mistaken. The doctrine of Christ and the systems of men are at issue and consequently will not harmonize together. (Messenger and Advocate Volume 2, Number 7)[3] The Church never denied membership based on race, and indeed several black men were ordained to the priesthood during Joseph Smith's lifetime. The first known black Latter-day Saint was "Black Pete", who joined the Church in Kirtland, Ohio.[4] At least two African Americans, Elijah Abel in 1836 and Walker Lewis in 1844 , were ordained to the priesthood during Smith's lifetime.[5] William McCary was ordained in 1846.[6] Two of the descendants of Elijah Abel were also ordained Elders, and two other black men, Samuel Chambers and Edward Leggroan, were ordained Deacons.[7] Drawing of Elijah Abel The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ...
Drawing of Elijah Abel The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ...
Drawing of Elijah Abel Elijah Abel (July 25, 1810 - December 25, 1884) was the first black Elder and Seventy in The Latter Day Saint movement, and one of the few black members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints to receive the priesthood before the church began...
In The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, priesthood is considered to be the power and authority to act in the name of God, including the performance of sacred rites and ordinances, and the performance of miracles. ...
A Latter-day Saint is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). ...
Kirtland is a city in Lake County, Ohio, USA. The population was 6,670 at the 2000 census. ...
Drawing of Elijah Abel Elijah Abel (July 25, 1810 - December 25, 1884) was the first black Elder and Seventy in The Latter Day Saint movement, and one of the few black members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints to receive the priesthood before the church began...
In The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, priesthood is considered to be the power and authority to act in the name of God, including the performance of sacred rites and ordinances, and the performance of miracles. ...
This article is about the sacrament. ...
1846 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...
Drawing of Elijah Abel Elijah Abel (July 25, 1810 - December 25, 1884) was the first black Elder and Seventy in The Latter Day Saint movement, and one of the few black members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints to receive the priesthood before the church began...
In Mormonism, an Elder is a priesthood and leadership position in many denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement. ...
The office of deacon in the Aaronic Priesthood in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints is the lowest office in the Aaronic Priesthood. ...
Early black members in the Church were admitted to the temple in Kirtland, Ohio, where Elijah Abel received the ritual of washing and anointing (see Journal of Zebedee Coltrin). Abel also participated in at least two baptisms for the dead in Nauvoo, Illinois. The Kirtland Temple is a registered National Historic Landmark in Kirtland, Ohio, USA, on the eastern edge of the Cleveland metropolitan area. ...
Kirtland is a city in Lake County, Ohio, USA. The population was 6,670 at the 2000 census. ...
Drawing of Elijah Abel Elijah Abel (July 25, 1810 - December 25, 1884) was the first black Elder and Seventy in The Latter Day Saint movement, and one of the few black members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints to receive the priesthood before the church began...
In Mormonism, an ordinance is a religious ritual of special significance, often involving a covenant with God. ...
One of ten full-size tubs used for washings and anointings in the Salt Lake Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints circa 1912. ...
, There is also a Nauvoo, Alabama, and a Nauvoo, Pennsylvania Nauvoo (× Ö¸×ווּ to be beautiful, Sephardi Hebrew NÃ¥vu, Tiberian Hebrew Nâwû) is a city in Hancock County, Illinois, United States. ...
Race issues in the Nauvoo era before Smith's death (1838 to 1844) In 1838, Joseph Smith answered the following question while en route from Kirtland to Missouri, as follows: "Are the Mormons abolitionists? No ... we do not believe in setting the Negroes free."(Smith 1977, p.120)
By 1839 there were about a dozen black members in the Church. Nauvoo, Illinois was reported to have 22 black members, including free and slave, between 1839-1843 (Late Persecution of the Church of Latter-day Saints, 1840).
"In the evening debated with John C. Bennett and others to show that the Indians have greater cause to complain of the treatment of the whites, than the negroes or sons of Cain" (History of the Church 4:501.) Engraving of John C. Bennett in a Napoleon-like pose as General of the Nauvoo Legion. ...
Beginning in 1842 , Smith made known his increasingly strong anti-slavery position. In March 1842 , he began studying some abolitionist literature, and stated, "it makes my blood boil within me to reflect upon the injustice, cruelty, and oppression of the rulers of the people. When will these things cease to be, and the Constitution and the laws again bear rule?" (History of the Church, 4:544).
On February 7, 1844, Joseph Smith wrote his views as a candidate for president of the United States. The anti-slavery plank of his platform called for a gradual end to slavery by the year 1850 . His plan called for the government to buy the freedom of slaves using money from the sale of public lands. is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Jan. ...
“My cogitations, like Daniel's have for a long time troubled me, when I viewed the condition of men throughout the world, and more especially in this boasted realm, where the Declaration of Independence ‘holds these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness;’ but at the same time some two or three millions of people are held as slaves for life, because the spirit in them is covered with a darker skin than ours.” (History of the Church, Vol.6, Ch.8, p.197 - p.198) Joseph Smith's views of the true nature of the African American may be seen in the following exchange (as recorded in History of the Church, Volume 5, p. 216): - Elder Hyde inquired the situation of the negro. I replied, they came into the world slaves mentally and physically. Change their situation with the whites, and they would be like them. They have souls, and are subjects of salvation. Go into Cincinnati or any city, and find an educated negro, who rides in his carriage, and you will see a man who has risen by the powers of his own mind to his exalted state of respectability. The slaves in Washington are more refined than many in high places, and the black boys will take the shine of many of those they brush and wait on.
- Elder Hyde remarked, "Put them on the level, and they will rise above me." I replied, if I raised you to be my equal, and then attempted to oppress you, would you not be indignant and try to rise above me, as did Oliver Cowdery, Peter Whitmer, and many others, who said I was a fallen Prophet, and they were capable of leading the people, although I never attempted to oppress them, but had always been lifting them up? Had I anything to do with the negro, I would confine them by strict law to their own species, and put them on a national equalization."
Blacks and various Latter Day Saint movement denominations After the death of Joseph Smith, Jr. in 1844, the movement underwent what is referred to as a succession crisis, when it split into several groups, leading eventually to dozens of separate denominations. Each of these denominations has treated the issue of race, and specifically the idea of black race, differently. Below is a summary of how several denominations have dealt with these issues. Main article: Joseph Smith, Jr. ...
The Succession Crisis in the Latter Day Saint movement occurred after the violent death of the movements founder, Joseph Smith, Jr. ...
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints -
Main article: Blacks and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints After the death of Joseph Smith, Jr., Brigham Young taught that because blacks inherited the curse of Ham and the curse of Cain, they were ineligible to be ordained to the priesthood. They were also barred from participating in the Endowment or celestial marriage, or from entering the church's temples. Young also taught forcefully against miscegenation and against blacks holding civil office. Church leaders gave many doctrinal explanations for this policy of racial exclusion, the most common being that the souls of black men and women were "less valiant" in the pre-existence during the war in heaven, and therefore were cursed to be born as descendants of Ham, whose lineage was barred from the priesthood. Several church leaders taught that the discriminatory policy would eventually be changed, so that in the Millennium, blacks would be able to fully participate in the religion and thus enter the Celestial Kingdom. From the end of the nineteenth century until 1978, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints did not allow black men to be ordained to the priesthood or to enter its temples to perform ceremonies such as the Endowment or sealing that the church believes are necessary for...
Joseph Smith, Jr. ...
See also, Brigham Young University Brigham Young (June 1, 1801 – August 29, 1877) was the second prophet and president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. ...
The Drunkenness of Noah by Giovanni Bellini, depicting Ham (center) laughing at his father, while Shem and Japheth cover him. ...
In Christianity and Judaism, the curse of Cain and the mark of Cain refer to the Biblical passages in the Book of Genesis chapter 4, where God declared that Cain, the firstborn of Adam and Eve, was cursed, and placed a mark upon him to warn others that killing Cain...
In general religious use, ordination is the process by which one is consecrated (set apart for the undivided administration of various religious rites). ...
Endowment may refer to many things: Finance Financial endowment; relating to funds or property donated to institutions or individuals. ...
Celestial marriage (also called the New and Everlasting Covenant) is a doctrine peculiar to Mormonism, particularly The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and branches of Mormon fundamentalism. ...
The Salt Lake Temple, operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, is the best-known Mormon temple. ...
Frederick Douglass with his second wife Helen Pitts (standing) who was white, a famous 19th century American example of miscegenation. The woman standing is her sister Eva Pitts. ...
In Abrahamic religions, pre-existence is the belief that each individual human soul existed before conception, and at conception (or later, depending on when it is believed that the soul enters the body) God places one of these pre-existent souls in the body. ...
In traditional Christian theology, Lucifer was once second in command to God. ...
Ham (×—Ö¸×, Standard Hebrew , Tiberian Hebrew , , Geez Kam), according to the Genealogies of Genesis, was a son of Noah and the father of Cush, Mizraim, Phut, and Canaan. ...
A millennium (pl. ...
The Celestial Kingdom refers to a division of heaven and was coined by the controversial Swedish theologian Emanuel Swedenborg in his 1758 book entitled Heaven and Hell. ...
During the early civil rights movement, church president David O. McKay began loosening some of the restrictions of the ban, but kept the policy in place because the council of the twelve felt a revelation was needed to change the policy (David O. McKay and the Rise of Modern Mormonism page number needed). In 1969, after McKay's health failed, and some others within the church leadership thought the doctrinal basis for the restrictive policy was shaky, the remaining First Presidency and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (minus apostle Harold B. Lee, who was traveling) voted to rescind the racial exclusion policy; however, that vote was reversed when Lee returned and called for a re-vote, arguing that the policy could not be changed without a revelation. Finally, on June 8, 1978, President Spencer W. Kimball announced that while praying with the rest of the First Presidency and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, they had received a revelation that the racial exclusion policy was to be lifted. According to one of those present, "It was during this prayer that the revelation came. The Spirit of the Lord rested upon us all; we felt something akin to what happened on the day of Pentecost and at the Kirtland Temple. From the midst of eternity, the voice of God, conveyed by the power of the Spirit, spoke to his prophet. The message was that the time had now come to offer the fulness of the everlasting gospel, including celestial marriage, and the priesthood, and the blessings of the temple, to all men, without reference to race or color, solely on the basis of personal worthiness. And we all heard the same voice, received the same message, and became personal witnesses that the word received was the mind and will and voice of the Lord...In the days that followed the receipt of the new revelation, President Kimball and President Ezra Taft Benson-the senior and most spiritually experienced ones among us-both said, expressing the feelings of us all, that neither of them had ever experienced anything of such spiritual magnitude and power as was poured out upon the Presidency and the Twelve that day in the upper room in the house of the Lord. And of it I say: It is true; I was there; I heard the voice; and the Lord be praised that it has come to pass in our day. "(Priesthood, pp. 127-128, Deseret Book Co., 1981 ). Immediately after the receipt of this new revelation, an official announcement of the revelation was prepared, and sent out to all of the various leaders of the Church. It was shortly thereafter read to, approved by and accepted as the word and will of the Lord, by a General Conference of the Church. Succeeding editions of the Doctrine and Covenants were printed with this announcement canonized and entitled as Official Declaration 2. (Official Declaration 2). This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ...
David Oman McKay (September 8, 1873 – January 18, 1970) was the ninth President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church; see also Mormon), serving from 1951 until his death in 1970. ...
In Mormonism, the First Presidency (or the Quorum of the Presidency of the Church) is one of the governing bodies in the church hierarchy of several Latter Day Saint denominations. ...
The current Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in the LDS Church. ...
Harold Bingham Lee (March 28, 1899 – December 26, 1973) was born in Clifton, Idaho but spent the great bulk of his life in Utah where he rose to head The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. ...
June 8 is the 159th day of the year (160th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ...
Spencer Woolley Kimball (March 28, 1895 – November 5, 1985) was the twelfth President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (1973-1985). ...
Community of Christ The Community of Christ accepts the doctrine of human worth or "worth of all persons", and states that "God loves each of us equally and unconditionally. All persons have great worth and should be respected as creations of God with basic human rights. The willingness to love and accept others is essential to faithfulness to the gospel of Christ."[5] It has been suggested that Community of Christ membership statistics be merged into this article or section. ...
A revelation given through Joseph Smith III on May 4, 1865, specifically addressed the ordination of black men. It was added to the Community of Christ edition of the Doctrine and Covenants as Section 115. Joseph Smith III — Leader of the 1860 Reorganization of the Latter Day Saint church. ...
is the 124th day of the year (125th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1865 (MDCCCLXV) is a common year starting on Sunday. ...
Doctrine and Covenants The Doctrine and Covenants (sometimes referred to as the D&C) is a part of the open scriptural canon of Mormonism. ...
Although the official policy was in full support of ordination of black persons, Community of Christ was not always free of regional discrepancies, and prejudices of the prevailing culture.
Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints In 2005, the Intelligence Report published the following statements made by Warren Jeffs, President of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints: Warren Steed Jeffs (born December 3, 1955 in San Francisco, California) is the President of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (FLDS). ...
- "The black race is the people through which the devil has always been able to bring evil unto the earth."
- "[Cain was] cursed with a black skin and he is the father of the Negro people. He has great power, can appear and disappear. He is used by the devil, as a mortal man, to do great evils."
- "Today you can see a black man with a white woman, et cetera. A great evil has happened on this land because the devil knows that if all the people have Negro blood, there will be nobody worthy to have the priesthood."
- "If you marry a person who has connections with a Negro, you would become cursed."[6]
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite) In the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite), James Strang presided over general conference resolutions to allow African Americans to hold the high priesthood by 1849. That was consistent with Joseph Smith’s known ordination of a black man named Elijah Abel to the high priesthood office of “seventy” in 1836. The Book of Mormon says that “black and white” are all invited and “all are alike to God.” There were two significant Black elders in the church under James Strang while he was alive, namely Samuel Chambers and Samuel Walker.[7] The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, also known as the Strangite church, is a denomination of the Latter Day Saint movement. ...
1856 daguerreotype of James Strang, taken on Beaver Island, Lake Michigan, by J. Atkyn, one of his assassins. ...
See also In Christianity and Judaism, the curse of Cain and the mark of Cain refer to the Biblical passages in the Book of Genesis chapter 4, where God declared that Cain, the firstborn of Adam and Eve, was cursed, and placed a mark upon him to warn others that killing Cain...
Religious attitudes to racism vary among different sects, and have changed dramatically, from a historical perspective, from how they once were. ...
References - (1908) "The Negro and the Priesthood". Liahona, the Elders' Journal 5: 1164-1167.
- Brodie, Fawn M (1971), No Man Knows My History, New York: Knopf, ISBN 0679730540.
- Bush, Lester E. Jr; Armand L. Mauss, eds. (1984). Neither White Nor Black: Mormon Scholars Confront the Race Issue in a Universal Church. Salt Lake City, Utah: Signature Books. ISBN 0-941214-22-2.
- Buswell, James O. III (1964). Slavery, Segregation, and Scripture. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. ASIN: B0006AYWRG.
- Mauss, Armand L. (December 2004). "Dispelling the Curse of Cain". Sunstone (134): 56-61.
- Roberts, B.H. ([1930] 1965). Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young Univ Press. ISBN 0-8425-0482-6.
- Smith, Joseph F. (reprint 1977). Teachings of the Prophet Joseph Smith. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book.
- Stewart, David Grant (1978). The Jaredites Were Black. National Translator Certification Service. B00071R4GU.
- Young, Brigham (March 8, 1863), "The Persecutions of the Saints—Their Loyalty to the Constitution—The Mormon Battalion—The Laws of God Relative to the African Race", in Watt, G.D. & J.V. Long, Journal of Discourses Delivered by President Brigham Young, His Two Counsellors, and the Twelve Apostles, and Others, vol. 10, Liverpool: Daniel H. Wells, 1865, at 104–111
Fawn McKay Brodie (September 15, 1915 – January 10, 1981) was a teacher and biographer. ...
In 1974, the Sunstone Foundation started the Sunstone Magazine to feature such subjects as Mormon experience, scholarship, art, short fiction and poetry. ...
The Evening and Morning Star was an early Latter Day Saint periodical published monthly in Independence, Missouri from June 1832 to May 1833, and then in Kirtland, Ohio from June 1833 to September 1834. ...
For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...
is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
The Messenger and Advocate (previously, The Latter Day Saints Messenger and Advocate) was an early Latter Day Saint periodical published monthly in Kirtland, Ohio from October 1834 to September 1837. ...
For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...
is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Joseph Fielding Smith, Sr. ...
See also, Brigham Young University Brigham Young (June 1, 1801 – August 29, 1877) was the second prophet and president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. ...
is the 67th day of the year (68th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
Notes - ^ Young 1863
- ^ Brodie 1971, p. 174. Statement made by Orson Hyde in 1845. This statement is also referenced in the film The God Makers.
- ^ Official Declaration 2
- ^ 1 Ne. 2: 23. It should be noted that there is no mention of Africans or African-Americans in the Book of Mormon, which deals mostly with a group descended from the tribe of Joseph, supposedly ending about 400CE.
- ^ Faith and Beliefs, webpage, retrieved June 17, 2006
- ^ [1], webpage, retrieved, July 15, 2006
- ^ [2], webpage, retrieved, July 15, 2006
The God Makers is a film produced in 1982 by Ed Decker. ...
is the 168th day of the year (169th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...
is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...
is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...
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