A scene from the film 1984 which shows the bleach bypass effect.

Bleach bypass, also known as skip bleach or silver retention, is an optical effect which entails either the partial or complete skipping of the bleaching function during the processing of a film. By doing this, the silver is retained in the image along with the color dyes. The result is a black and white image over a color image. The images usually would have reduced saturation and latitude, along with increased contrast and graininess. It usually is used to maximal effect in conjunction with a one-stop underexposure. While originally a laboratory technique, it can now be achieved digitally through computer generated imagery and filters. Bleach bypass can be done to any photochemical step in the process, be it original camera negative, interpositive, internegative, or release print. Generally it is applied at the internegative stage, as insurance companies usually are reluctant to have the original negative bleach bypassed in the event that the look is agreed to be too extreme, and the cost of the process for each individual release print is usually cost-prohibitive. The effect, however, will render slightly differently at each stage, especially between the negative and positive stages. Bleach bypass generally refers to a complete circumvention of the bleach stage of development, and is the most commonly offered service among labs. Technicolor's ENR and Deluxe Labs' ACE processes are proprietary variants which allow the film to be only partially bleached, giving the cinematographer a more finely-tuned control over the effect rendered by the process. Image File history File links John_Hurt_1984_i. ... Image File history File links John_Hurt_1984_i. ... 1984 (sometimes Nineteen Eighty-Four, which is how the title appears on screen) is a British film based upon the 1949 novel of the same name by George Orwell; the film was made in the year imagined by the author. ... Optical effects is a sub-category of special effects for film in which film images are manipulated through optical processes using film, light, shadow, lenses and/or chemical processes. ... Commercial chlorine bleach To bleach something, is to remove or lighten its color, sometimes as a preliminary step in the process of dyeing; a bleach is a chemical that produces these effects, often via oxidation. ... A piece of photographic film that has been exposed to light in a controlled manner must be developed before it can be used. ... General Name, Symbol, Number silver, Ag, 47 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 5, d Appearance lustrous white metal Standard atomic weight 107. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Chromaticity. ... The seawater creature in The Abyss marked CGIs acceptance in the visual effects industry. ... The original camera negative is the film in a motion picture camera that captures the original image. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... A release print is the reel of film that is sent to a movie theater for exhibition. ... Logo celebrating Technicolors 90th Anniversary Technicolor is the trademark for a series of color film processes pioneered by Technicolor Motion Picture Corporation (a subsidiary of Technicolor, Inc. ... A Cameraman-Reporter during a MINUSTAH mission in 2007 (Photo: Patrick-André Perron A cinematographer is one photographing with a motion picture camera (the art and science of which is known as cinematography). ...

Bleach bypass was first used in Kon Ichikawa's 1960 film Her Brother. Miyazawa Kazuo as Daiei Motion Picture Company's cameraman invented Bleach bypass for Ichikawa's film, [1] [2] [3] inspired by the color rendition in the Technicolor version of Moby Dick which was achieved through the use of an additional black and white overlay. Despite this early foray into the technique, it remained overlooked for the most part until its usage by Roger Deakins in 1984. The effect has subsequently become a regular development tool in labwork, and has remained in widespread usage ever since. Some notable practitioners include cinematographers Rodrigo Prieto, Darius Khondji, and Janusz Kaminski, who used the technique to great effect in the films Saving Private Ryan and Minority Report. Kon Ichikawa (市川 å´‘ Ichikawa Kon) (born November 20, 1915, Ujiyamada, Mie Prefecture) is one of the better known Japanese film directors. ... Kadokawa Pictures, Inc. ... Logo celebrating Technicolors 90th Anniversary Technicolor is the trademark for a series of color film processes pioneered by Technicolor Motion Picture Corporation (a subsidiary of Technicolor, Inc. ... Moby-Dick[1] is an 1851 novel by Herman Melville. ... Roger Deakins (born May 24, 1949 Torquay, Devon, England) is a cinematographer. ... 1984 (sometimes Nineteen Eighty-Four, which is how the title appears on screen) is a British film based upon the 1949 novel of the same name by George Orwell; the film was made in the year imagined by the author. ... Rodrigo Prieto (born November, 1965 in Mexico City, Mexico) is a Mexican-American cinematographer. ... Darius Khondji (21 October 1955 in Tehran, Iran) is the famous Iranian cinematographer. ... Janusz Zygmunt Kamiński (born June 27, 1959) is an Oscar winning cinematographer and film director who has photographed all of Steven Spielbergs movies since 1993s Schindlers List. ... Saving Private Ryan is a 1998 Academy-Award-winning film set in World War II, directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Robert Rodat. ... Minority Report is a 2002 science fiction film directed by Steven Spielberg, loosely based on the Philip K. Dick short story of the same name. ...

External links

• "Soup du Jour: Bleach Bypass", American Cinematographer, November 1998.