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Bleeding is the loss of blood from the body. Children are put more in danger by bleeding as they have less blood to lose. The average adult human will be in medical danger after 2 liters (2 quarts) and could die of hypovolemic shock if more blood is lost. Red blood cells (erythrocytes) are present in the blood and help carry oxygen to the rest of the cells in the body Blood is a circulating tissue composed of fluid plasma and cells ( red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets). ...
With regard to living things, a body is the integral physical material of an individual, and contrasts with soul, personality and behavior. ...
A male Caucasian toddler child A child (plural: children) is a young human. ...
Human beings are defined variously in biological, spiritual, and cultural terms, or in combinations thereof. ...
In physiology and medicine, hypovolemia is a state of decreased blood volume. ...
This article is about medicine. ...
There are four types of bleedings:
- minor traumatic bleedings: these are little and superficial wounds; the loss of blood is not dangerous and the bleeding will stop spontaneously; the main risk is the wound itself (dysfunction of the organs involved and infection);
- severe traumatic bleeding: the flow of blood can soak a paper or cloth hankerchief in a few seconds; in such a situation, the bleeding will cause the death of the casualty in a few minutes;
- externalised bleeding: the blood flow through a natural orifice, such as the nose, the ears, the mouth (spitting and vomitting blood), the vagina (except for the natural menstruation), the urethra and the anus; the blood comes from the interior of the body and reveals a hidden trauma or a disease;
- internal bleeding: the blood flows inside the body; it cannot be seen, but can be suspected by shock symptoms.
First aid
Minor traumatic bleeding The minor traumatic bleeding stops spontaneously, the loss of blood is not dangerous in itself. But the wound can still endanger the life of the casualty. See Wound. A wound is a physical trauma where the skin is torn, cut or punctured. ...
Severe traumatic bleeding The general behaviour is: - protect: remove the cause of wound so nobody else gets hurt, or lead the casualty away and mark out the dangerous area; when the casualty cannot walk, do not move him unless the danger is deadly and real;
- stop the bleeding;
- let the casualty in the position he feels comfortable;
- ask someone to call for help, or do it yourself if you are alone; describe the general state of the casualty (alert or unalert, breathing or not) and the wound itself;
- follow the instructions given by the EMS.
A major technique of first aid is to control bleeding through direct pressure with the hand (possibly protected by a plastic bag, a glove or a piece of stuff); it can be replaced when necessary by the application of a bandage over the wound. When the casualty is concious and alert, he can press himself on the wound for a short time (e.g. the time the bystander makes the protection, get a protection for the hands, or get something to make a bandage). Below are ways to call for help in an emergency. ...
The rock and roll band Live used the name First Aid for a time before achieving much success in the music world. ...
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the measure of the force that acts on a unit area. ...
Theres also a song called Bandages by the American alternative rock group Hot Hot Heat which appears on the 2002 album Make Up the Breakdown. ...
A wound is a physical trauma where the skin is torn, cut or punctured. ...
When the direct pressure is not possible (e.g. there is a foreign body inside the wound, or a broken bone comes outside, or the wound is too large for the hand), then it is possible to compress the artery against a bone, between the wound and the heart (see Pressure point). Section of an artery An artery or arterial is also a class of highway. ...
Grays illustration of a human femur, a typically recognized bone. ...
Pressure points are points on the body that produce a known reaction (reflex) by either hitting, touching, or rubbing them. ...
In extreme cases of an injured limb, a tourniquet may be used. If the medical care are delayed (after a few hours), the injured limb must generally be amputated afterwards, just below the level the tourniquet is applied; this is "losing a limb to save a life". This risk is very low in the urban environment of a developped country (the delay before a rescue team arrives is a few minutes after the call), but must be taken into account in wilderness or in countries that do not have organised prehospital medical services. Some first aid instruction no longer teaches the use of the tourniquet because the risk may be greater than the benefit; some other consider that saving a life is above the rest. However, this should always be the last choice. Injury is damage or harm caused to the structure or function of the body caused by an outside agent or force, which may be physical or chemical. ...
A limb (from the Old English lim) is a jointed appendage of the human or animal body; a large or main branch of a tree; a representative, branch or member of a group or organization. ...
A tourniquet is a tightly tied band applied around a body part (an arm or a leg) in an attempt to stop severe traumatic bleeding. ...
Amputation is the removal of a body extremity by trauma or surgery. ...
The rock and roll band Live used the name First Aid for a time before achieving much success in the music world. ...
Externalised bleeding The only minor situation is a spontaneous nosebleed, or a nosebleed caused by a slight trauma (such as a child putting his finger in the nose). Just sit down, blow through the bleeding nostril to evcuate the forming clot (this first clot is usually not efficient), and press the nostril with a finger, the head bowed downwards, during ten minutes, the time the clot forms correctly (a shorter compression is not efficient). Consult a doctor when the bleeding does not stop or starts again. Nosebleed as a result of fracture through a rugby impact. ...
Any other situation (including nosebleed due to a severe nose trauma or to a head trauma) must be considered as an emergency: place the person in a comfortable situation (lying or seated), call for help and follow the instructions. Below are ways to call for help in an emergency. ...
Internal bleeding
The shock symptoms are not specific to an internal bleeding, but are always a medical emergency. In such a situation, the role of a bystander is to lay the person down, and call for help. Below are ways to call for help in an emergency. ...
See the article Internal bleeding. Internal bleeding is when bleeding occurs inside the body. ...
Risk of blood contamination Concerning the direct exposure of the first-aider's skin to the blood: the skin is watertight, so if the skin is not wounded (skin disease or very recent wound), there is no risk of contamination by a disease of the casualty. Before any further activity (especially eating, drinking, touching the eyes, the mouth or the nose), the hand must be carefully and softly washed with clear water, then bathed five minutes in diluted bleach (sodium hypochlorite). In chemistry, to bleach something generally means to whiten it or oxidize it. ...
Sodium hypochlorite is a chemical compound with the formula NaClO. A solution of sodium hypochlorite is frequently used as a disinfectant and as a bleaching agent; indeed, often it is simply called bleach though other chemicals are sometimes given that name as well. ...
However, to avoid any risk, it is highly recommended to protect the hands, e.g. by a plastic bag or a cloth, before pressing the wound. If there is nothing to protect the hands (well an accident might happen happen on a nude beach), watch your hand to be sure it is not wounded, or use a distant compression of the artery (pressure point with your hand if you know the anatomic references, or a tourniquet). A nude beach is a beach where the users generally wear no clothing because of any of numerous reasons: that doing so feels and looks good, that it is practical, for philosophical or religious reasons, or simply because there is no reason for clothing (see nudism). ...
Pressure points are points on the body that produce a known reaction (reflex) by either hitting, touching, or rubbing them. ...
A tourniquet is a tightly tied band applied around a body part (an arm or a leg) in an attempt to stop severe traumatic bleeding. ...
In case of blood exposure, even on safe skin, the first-aider should go to the emergency service, where an anti-retroviral therapy will be started just in case.
Medical care Blood lost by bleeding can be replaced by blood transfusion. The human body also generates blood at a rate of about 2 quarts (2 liters) per week. Blood transfusion is the taking of blood or blood-based products from one individual and inserting them into the circulatory system of another. ...
The practise of causing bleeding intentionally to remove excess or "bad" blood from a person's body is called bloodletting or phlebotomy. Bloodletting (or blood-letting, in modern medicine referred to as phlebotomy) was a popular medical practice from antiquity up to the late 19th century, involving the withdrawal of often considerable quantities of blood from a patient in the belief that this would cure or prevent illness and disease. ...
Bloodletting (or blood-letting, in modern medicine referred to as phlebotomy) was a popular medical practice from antiquity up to the late 19th century, involving the withdrawal of often considerable quantities of blood from a patient in the belief that this would cure or prevent illness and disease. ...
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