Glucose

Blood sugar regulation is the process by which the levels of blood sugar, primarily glucose, are maintained by the body. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1100x603, 38 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Glucose ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1100x603, 38 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Glucose ... Glucose (Glc), a monosaccharide (or simple sugar), is the most important carbohydrate in biology. ... In medicine, blood sugar is a term used to refer to levels of glucose in the blood. ... Glucose (Glc), a monosaccharide (or simple sugar), is the most important carbohydrate in biology. ...

Mechanisms of blood sugar regulation

Blood sugar levels are regulated by negative feedback in order to keep the body in homeostasis. The levels of glucose in the blood are monitored by the cells in the pancreas. If the blood glucose level falls to dangerous levels (as in very heavy exercise or lack of food for extended periods), the Alpha cells of the pancreas release glucagon, a hormone whose effects on liver cells act to increase blood glucose levels. They convert glycogen storage into glucose (this process is called glycogenolysis). The glucose is released into the bloodstream, increasing blood sugar levels. Negative feedback (shortened to NFB) is a type of feedback in which the system responds in an opposite direction to the perturbation. ... It has been suggested that Reactive homeostasis be merged into this article or section. ... Glucose (Glc), a monosaccharide (or simple sugar), is the most important carbohydrate in biology. ... The pancreas is an organ in the digestive and endocrine system that serves two major functions: exocrine (producing pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes) and endocrine (producing several important hormones, including insulin). ... Alpha cells are endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. ... Glucagon ball and stick model A microscopic image stained for glucagon. ... Norepinephrine A hormone (from Greek όρμή - to set in motion) is a chemical messenger from one cell (or group of cells) to another. ... Electron micrograph of a section of a liver cell showing glycogen deposits as accumulations of electron dense particles (arrows). ... Glycogenolysis is the catabolism of glycogen (requiring removal of glucose unit from glycogen and addition of phosphate) thus producing glucose 1-phosphate, and subsequently reconfigured (C-1 -> C-6) to yield glucose 6-phosphate, a potent reaction intermediary leading to glucose available to the blood and brain, pyruvic acid (yet...

There are also several other causes for an increase in blood sugar levels. Among them are the 'stress' hormones such as adrenalin, several of the steroids, infections, trauma, and of course, the ingestion of food.

When levels of blood sugar rise, whether as a result of glycogen conversion, or from digestion of a meal, a different hormone is released from beta cells found in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. This hormone, insulin, causes the liver to convert more glucose into glycogen (this process is called glycogenesis), and to force about 2/3 of body cells (primarily muscle and fat tissue cells) to take up glucose from the blood, thus decreasing blood sugar levels. Insulin also provides signals to several other body systems, and is the chief regulatory metabolic control in humans. Beta cells are a type of cell in the pancreas in areas called the islets of Langerhans. ... The endocrine (i. ... Insulin (from Latin insula, island, as it is produced in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas) is a polypeptide hormone that regulates carbohydrate metabolism. ... Glycogenesis is the process of glycogen synthesis, in which glucose molecules are added to chains of glycogen. ... A top-down view of skeletal muscle Muscle (from Latin musculus little mouse[1]) is contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. ...

Diabetes mellitus type 1 is caused by insufficient or non-existent production of insulin, while type 2 is primarily due to a decreased response to insulin in the tissues of the body (insulin resistance). Both types of diabetes, if untreated, result in too much glucose remaining in the blood (hyperglycemia) and many of the same complications. Also, too much insulin and/or exercise without enough corresponding food intake in diabetics can result in low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). For the disease characterized by excretion of large amounts of severely diluted urine, see diabetes insipidus. ... Insulin resistance is the condition in which normal amounts of insulin are inadequate to produce a normal insulin response from fat, muscle and liver cells. ... Hyperglycemia or High Blood Sugar is a condition in which an excessive amount of glucose circulates in the blood plasma. ... Hypoglycemia (hypoglycæmia in the UK) is a medical term referring to a pathologic state produced by a lower than normal amount of sugar (glucose) in the blood. ...

Hormones that influence blood glucose level

This article is uncategorized. Please help improve this article by adding it to one or more categories, so it may be associated with related articles (how?). Please remove this tag after categorizing, but not before. This page has been tagged since February 2007. Image File history File links Information_icon. ...