Blue Jacket or Weyapiersenwah (c. 1745 – c.1810) was a war chief of the Shawnee people, known for his militant defense of Shawnee lands in the Ohio Country. Perhaps the preeminent American Indian leader in the Northwest Indian War, in which a pan-tribal confederacy fought several battles with the nascent United States, he was an important predecessor of the famous Shawnee leader Tecumseh. The designation C: (sometimes C: ) is the drive letter that refers to the main partition (or portion of an hard drive) on an MS-DOS or Windows personal computer. ... // Events May 11 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy - At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 – Frederick the Great destroys Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 - Beginning of the 45 Jacobite Rising at Glenfinnan September 12 - Francis I is elected... 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The Shawnee, or Shawano, are a people native to North America. ... The Ohio Country, showing the present-day U.S. state boundaries The Ohio Country (sometimes called the Ohio Territory) was the name used in the 18th century for the regions of North America west of the Appalachian Mountains and in the region of the upper Ohio River south of Lake... A Sioux in traditional dress including war bonnet, circa 1908. ... The Northwest Indian War (1785-1795), often known as Little Turtles War in older reference works, was a war fought between the United States and a large confederation of Native Americans (Indians) for control of the Old Northwest, which ended with a decisive U.S. victory at the Battle... This 1848 drawing of Tecumseh was based on a sketch done from life in 1808. ...

Who was Blue Jacket?

Little is known of Blue Jacket's early life. In 1877, decades after his death, a story was published claiming that Blue Jacket was in fact a white man named Marmaduke Van Swearingen, who had been captured and adopted by the Shawnee around the time of the American Revolutionary War. This story was popularized in books written by Allan Eckert, and remains well known in Ohio, where an outdoor drama celebrating the life of the white Indian chief is performed year after year in Xenia, Ohio. 1877 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Combatants American Revolutionaries, France, allies British Empire, allies Commanders George Washington Comte de Rochambeau Nathanael Greene William Howe Henry Clinton Charles Cornwallis Strength {{{strength1}}} {{{strength2}}} Casualties {{{casualties1}}} {{{casualties2}}} The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was the military side of the American Revolution. ... Allan W. Eckert (born January 30, American historian, naturalist and author Allan W. Eckert was born on January 30, 1931 in Buffalo, New York, and raised in the Chicago, Illinois area but has been a long-time resident of Ohio where he attended university. ... State nickname: The Buckeye State Official languages None Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus (largest metropolitan area is Cleveland) Governor Bob Taft (R) Senators Mike DeWine (R) George V. Voinovich (R) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 34th 116,096 km² 8. ... Xenia is a city in Greene County, Ohio, near Dayton. ...

Despite the persistence of this tale, many have questioned its authenticity. Academic historians such as Blue Jacket biographer John Sugden and the late Francis Jennings consider Eckert's books, which are billed as history, to be works of fiction. In 2000, DNA testing of the descendants of Blue Jacket and Van Swearingen gave additional support to the argument that Blue Jacket was not Van Swearingen. According to Sugden, nothing in the contemporary historical record indicates that Blue Jacket was anything other than a Shawnee Indian by birth. Genetic fingerprinting or DNA testing is a technique to distinguish between individuals of the same species using only samples of their DNA. Its invention by Sir Alec Jeffreys at the University of Leicester was announced in 1985. ...

Struggle for the Old Northwest

Blue Jacket participated in Dunmore's War and the American Revolutionary War (allied with the British), always attempting to maintain Shawnee land rights. With the British defeat in the American Revolutionary War, the Shawnee lost valuable assistance in defending the Ohio Country. The struggle continued as white settlement in Ohio escalated, and Blue Jacket was a prominent leader of the resistance. Dunmores War (or Lord Dunmores War) was the result of several collisions that took place in the spring of 1774, on the Ohio River above the mouth of the Little Kanawha River, between Native American peoples (particularly Shawnee, Miami, and Wyandot) and parties of Anglo_American settlers who were...

On November 3, 1791, a pan-tribal Indian army led by Blue Jacket and Miami Chief Little Turtle (Michikinikwa) defeated an American expedition led by Arthur St. Clair, governor of the Northwest Territory. The battle, known as St. Clair's Defeat, was the crowning achievement of Blue Jacket's military career, and the most severe defeat ever inflicted upon the United States by Native Americans. Traditional accounts of the battle tend to give most of the credit for the victory to Little Turtle. John Sugden argues that Little Turtle's prominence is due in large measure to Little Turtle's self-promotion in later years. November 3 is the 307th day of the year (308th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 58 days remaining. ... 1791 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Statue of Little Turtle at Headwaters Park in Fort Wayne, by local sculptor Hector Garcia. ... Arthur St. ... The Northwest Territory, also known as the Old Northwest and the Territory North West of the Ohio, was a government and region within the early United States. ... Combatants Miamis, Shawnee United States Commanders Michikinikwa Blue Jacket Arthur St. ...

Blue Jacket's triumph was short-lived. The Americans were alarmed by St. Clair's Defeat, and raised a new professional army, commanded by General Anthony Wayne. On August 20, 1794, Blue Jacket's confederacy clashed with Wayne at the Battle of Fallen Timbers, just south of present-day Toledo, Ohio. Blue Jacket's army was defeated, and he was compelled to sign the Treaty of Greenville on August 3, 1795, ceding much of present-day Ohio to the United States. In 1805, Blue Jacket also signed the Treaty of Fort Industry, relinquishing even more of Ohio. In Blue Jacket's final years, he saw the rise to prominence of Tecumseh, who would take up the banner and make the final attempts to reclaim Shawnee lands in the Ohio Country. Anthony Wayne (January 1, 1745 - December 15, 1796), was a United States Army general and statesman. ... August 20 is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Battle of Fallen Timbers (August 20, 1794) was the final battle of the Northwest Indian War, a struggle between American Indians and the United States for control of the Northwest Territory. ... Nickname: The Glass City Motto: {{{motto}}} Official website: www. ... The Treaty of Greenville was signed on August 3, 1795 between a coalition of Native Americans (Indians) and the United States following the Native American loss at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. ... August 3 is the 215th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (216th in leap years), with 150 days remaining. ... 1795 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The Treaty of Fort Industry was a successor treaty to the Treaty of Greenville, establishing a line running through present-day Toledo, Ohio as the western boundary of the United States. ...

Blue Jacket has Shawnee descendants to the present day.

There are many white descendents of Bluejacket as well, due in large part to the fact that Bluejacket never married a Native American woman; both of his wives were white.

Reference

• Sugden, John. Blue Jacket: Warrior of the Shawnees. University of Nebraska Press, 2000.

External links

• Shawnee Blue Jacket Web Site
• Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
• The Blue Jacket outdoor drama
• Newspaper article about Blue Jacket and his grandson, Rev. Charles Bluejacket
• A series of newspaper articles about the controversy over Blue Jacket's identity
• Ohio History Central on his identity
• Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society on his identity and war leadership