The Boar's Head Carol is a 15th century^[1][2] song which may refer to one of several English Christmas carols that describes the ancient tradition of sacrificing a boar and presenting its head at a Yuletide feast. The modern version most usually performed is based on a version published in 1521 in Wynkyn de Worde's Christmasse Carolles. ^[1] (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... For the short novel by Charles Dickens, see A Christmas Carol. ... The Blót was the pagan Germanic sacrifice to Norse gods and Elves. ... Wynkyn de Worde, born in Alsace, was the successor to William Caxton in his English printing business, taking over and running Caxtons press after his death. ...

History and Origins

Main article: Christmas ham

According to folklorists the boar's head tradition was: Julskinka Wikibooks Cookbook has an article on Christmas ham A Christmas Ham is a traditional ingredient in the Finnish and Swedish Christmas celebrations. ...

"initiated in all probability on the Isle of Britain by the Anglo-Saxons, although our knowledge of it comes substantially from medieval times....[In ancient Norse tradition] sacrifice carried the intent of imploring Freyr to show favor to the new year. The boar's head with apple in mouth was carried into the banquet hall on a gold or silver dish to the sounds of trumpets and the songs of minstrels." ^[2] For other uses, see Anglo-Saxon. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times. ... Norse paganism is a term used to describe the religious traditions which were common amongst the Germanic tribes living in Nordic countries prior to and during the process of the Christianization in Northern Europe. ... This 19th century representation of Freyr shows him with his boar Gullinbursti and his sword. ...

In Scandinavia and England, Saint Stephen may have inherited some of Freyr's legacy. His feast day is December 26 and thus he came to play a part in the Yuletide celebrations which were previously associated with Freyr. In old Swedish art, Stephen is shown as tending to horses and bringing a boar's head to a Yuletide banquet.^[3] Both elements are extracanonical and may be pagan survivals. Christmas ham is an old tradition in Sweden and may have originated as a winter solstice boar sacrifice to Freyr. For other uses, see Scandinavia (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... St. ... St Stephens Day, or the Feast of St Stephen, is a Christian saints day celebrated on 26 December in the Western Church and 27 December in the Eastern Church. ... Julskinka Wikibooks Cookbook has an article on Christmas ham A Christmas Ham is a traditional ingredient in the Finnish and Swedish Christmas celebrations. ...

Modern Times

The Boar's Head Feast continues at The Queen's College, Oxford, England. William Henry Husk, Librarian to the Sacred Harminic Society, wrote about the tradition in 1868 in his Songs of the Nativity Being Christmas Carols, Ancient and Modern: Boars Head redirects here. ... College name The Queens College Collegii Reginae Named after Queen Philippa of Hainault Established 1341 Sister College Pembroke College Provost Sir Alan Budd JCR President Vishal Mashru Undergraduates 350 MCR President Matthias Range Graduates 133 Homepage Boatclub High Street entrance to Queens College from the main quad. ...

Where an amusing tradition formerly current in Oxford concerning the boar's head custom, which represented that usage as a commemoration of an act of valour performed by a student of the college, who, while walking in the neighbouring forest of Shotover and reading Aristotle, was suddenly attacked by a wild boar. The furious beast came open-mouthed upon the youth, who, however, very courageously, and with a happy presence of mind, thrust the volume he was reading down the boar's throat, crying, "Græcum est,"^[4] and fairly choked the savage with the sage.^[1] The Shotover River is located in the Otago region of the South Island of New Zealand. ... For other uses, see Aristotle (disambiguation). ...

As of 2008, the tradition of processing with the Boar's Head whilst singing the carol was believed to be still observed at:

• The Queen's College, Oxford, England.
• Hurstpierpoint College, West Sussex, England. Here, it has been observed annually almost since the College's foundation in 1849 and may have been imported by a Headmaster who was at Queen's College. It now takes place on the first Wednesday in December after a short service in Chapel for all, and heralds the feast which is held to acknowledge the work done by the College's Sacristans and Choir. The Boar's Head is carried on a platter carried by four Sacristans and preceded by the mustard pot carried by a fifth. The remainder of the Senior School lines the cloisters which form three sides of the Inner Quadrangle, the fourth being formed by the Chapel and Dining Hall. The lights are extinguished and the procession, its members carrying candles, moves from the east of the college through the cloisters lined by unusually silent students and back through the Chapel to the vestry.
• Stourbridge Old Edwardian Club, England. The Boar's Head supper has been celebrated on Christmas Eve since 1911. The Boar's Head, carried on a platter by the Club's President, is ceremonially presented to the members. After the welcome and seasonal greetings, a supper is served, which includes brawn-filled bread rolls.
• Reed College, Portland, Oregon, where a procession similar to the above has been performed every Christmas season for many years, with the Carol being sung by the processants.
• Christ Church Cathedral, Cincinnati, Ohio. The Boar's Head and Yule Log Festival has been celebrated every year since 1940.
• Oglethorpe University, Atlanta, Georgia. An annual winter tradition for the university.
• St. George's School in Newport, Rhode Island has held its annual Boar's Head procession since 1896 as part of its Christmas Festival.
• Immanuel Lutheran Church of St. Charles Missouri has held a Boar's Head Festival every December for over 25 years.
• Victoria University in the University of Toronto, Canada.
• Huntsville First United Methodist Church, loacated in downtown Huntsville Alabama in the southeastern United States. The Boar's Head and Yule Log Festival has been celebrated every Christmas for over fifty years.

In the United States, the Boar's Head Carol and procession is often a part of madrigal dinner performances, even though the main dish is usually chicken. College name The Queens College Collegii Reginae Named after Queen Philippa of Hainault Established 1341 Sister College Pembroke College Provost Sir Alan Budd JCR President Vishal Mashru Undergraduates 350 MCR President Matthias Range Graduates 133 Homepage Boatclub High Street entrance to Queens College from the main quad. ... Image:Hustpierpoint College. ... , Stourbridge is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley, in the West Midlands of England. ... Head cheese is in fact not a cheese, but rather a terrine made of meat taken from the head of a calf or pig (sometimes a sheep or cow) that would not otherwise be considered appealing. ... Reed College is a private, independent liberal arts college located in Portland, Oregon. ... The Parish House (centre) and Christ Church Cathedral (to the left) in Cincinnati, Ohio. ... Oglethorpe University is a private liberal arts college in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. ... A Madrigal Dinner or Madrigal Feast is an American form of dinner theater often held by schools and church groups during the Christmas season. ...

Lyrics

The boar's head in hand bring I, (Or: The boar's head in hand bear I,)
Bedeck'd with bays and rosemary.
I pray you, my masters, be merry (Or: And I pray you, my masters, merry be)
Quot estis in convivio (Translation: As many as are in the feast)

CHORUS
Caput apri defero (Translation: The boar's head I offer)
Reddens laudes Domino (Translation: Giving praises to the Lord)

The boar's head, as I understand,
Is the rarest dish in all this land,
Which thus bedeck'd with a gay garland
Let us servire cantico. (Translation: Let us serve with a song)

CHORUS

Our steward hath provided this
In honour of the King of Bliss;
Which, on this day to be served is
In Reginensi atrio. (Translation: In the Queen's hall)

CHORUS

Lyrics, Music, And Translation

• THE BOAR'S HEAD CAROL: Queens College Version, Oxford, England.

Recordings

• King's Singers, A Little Christmas Music (EMI Angel, 1990)
• The Chieftains, Bells of Dublin (RCA, 1991)
• The Sixteen, Christmas Music from Medieval and Renaissance Europe (Hyperion, 1993)
• Robert Shaw Festival Singers, Songs of Angels: Christmas Hymns and Carols (Telarc, 1994)
• Maddy Prior, Ballads & Candles (Park Records, 2000)
• Maddy Prior & The Carnival Band, Carols & Capers (Park Records, 1991)
• Veggietales, A Very Veggie Christmas

The Chieftains are a Grammy-winning Irish musical group founded in 1963, known for performing and popularizing Irish traditional music. ... VeggieTales is a series of childrens computer animated films featuring humorous, anthropomorphic vegetables and conveying moral themes compatible with and often based on Christianity and Judaism. ...

References