A statue of a Bodhisattva, Akasagarbha.

In Buddhist thought, a bodhisattva (IPA pronunciation: [ˌbɑ dɪ ˈsæt və]) (Pali: bodhisatta; Tibetan changchub sempa (byang-chub sems-dpa');Simplified Chinese: 菩萨; Traditional Chinese: 菩薩; pinyin: púsà; Korean: 보살 bosal ; Japanese: 菩薩 bosatsu; Vietnamese: Bồ Tát; Thai: พระโพธิสัตว์) is a being who is dedicated to assisting all sentient beings in achieving complete Buddhahood, at the expense of delaying nirvana themselves. Conventionally, the term is applied to hypothetical beings with a high degree of enlightenment. Bodhisattva literally means "enlightenment ('bodhi') being ('sattva')" in Sanskrit. A replica of an ancient statue found among the ruins of a temple at Sarnath Buddhism is a philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama, a prince of the Shakyas, whose lifetime is traditionally given as 566 to 486 BCE. It had subsequently been accepted by... For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words see here. ... Pali may refer to: Pāli, a Middle Indo-Aryan language Pali, Rajasthan, a town and district in Rajasthan, western India Pali, a Hawaiian word, meaning cliffs Nuuanu Pali, a region on the Hawaiian island of Oahu Ballaleshwar Pali, the Ganapati temple of pali and place in Maharastra This is... The Tibetan language is spoken primarily by the Tibetan people who live across a wide area of eastern Central Asia bordering South Asia, as well as by large number of Tibetan refugees all over the world. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; also Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ) refer to one of two standard Chinese character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language, officially simplified by the government of the Peoples Republic of China in an attempt to promote literacy. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard sets of printed Chinese characters. ... It has been suggested that Pinyin method be merged into this article or section. ... Sentience is the capacity for basic consciousness -- the ability to feel or perceive, not necessarily including the faculty of self-awareness. ... A stone image of the Buddha. ... (Devanagari , Pali: Nibbāna निब्बान -- Chinese: 涅槃; Pinyin: nièpán, Japanese: 涅槃, nehan, Korean: ì—´ë°˜, yeol-bhan, Thai: Nibpan นิพพาน ), is a Sanskrit word that literally means extinction (as in a candle flame) and/or extinguishing (i. ... Bodhi, the Pāli and Sanskrit word for awakening or enlightenment, is an abstract noun formed from the verbal root budh (awake, become aware, notice, know or understand), corresponding to the verbs bujjhati (Pāli) and bodhati or budhyate (Sanskrit). ... Sanskrit ( , ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ...

Bodhisattvas in Theravada Buddhism

In Theravada Buddhism, the bodhisattva is seen as seeking enlightenment so that, once awakened, he may efficiently aid other beings with the expertise of supreme wisdom. Gautama Buddha's previous life experience as a bodhisattva before Buddhahood are recorded in the texts of the Jataka. Lay Buddhists of Theravada seek inspiration in Gautama's skill as a good layman in these texts, which account not only his historical life, but many previous lives. When Gautama Buddha referred to himself in his pre-Buddha existence, he spoke in terms of "when I was still a Bodhisattva". The only currently active bodhisattva described in the Pali Canon is the future Buddha Maitreya (Pali: Metteyya). The Theravada tradition, i.e., the Pali Canon, speaks of no other bodhisattvas than these. Theravada (Pāli: theravāda, Sanskrit: sthaviravāda → English: The Way of the Elders) is the oldest surviving Buddhist school, and for many centuries has been the predominant religion of Sri Lanka (about 70% of the population[1]) and continental Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and parts of southwest... Standing Buddha sculpture, ancient region of Gandhara, northern Pakistan, 1st century CE, Musée Guimet. ... The Jataka stories are a significant body of works about the previous lives of Gautama Buddha. ... Standard edition of the Thai Pali Canon The Pali Canon is the standard scripture collection of the Theravada Buddhist tradition. ... Maitreya Bodhisattva (Sanskrit), Metteyya Bodhisatta (Pāli), or Miroku Bosatsu (Japanese, kanji 弥勒) is the future Buddha in Buddhist eschatology. ... Pāli is a Middle Indo-Aryan dialect or prakrit. ...

However, most recent connections to ancients, illustrates God Vishnu of being the fourth Buddha from Gautama Buddha. Standing Buddha sculpture, ancient region of Gandhara, northern Pakistan, 1st century CE, Musée Guimet. ...

While the Bodhisattva path is recognized in Theravada Buddhism, it is not seen as a path to be recommended for everyone because of its difficulty and the long time it takes to achieve. The great majority of people are seen to be most fit to practice for enlightenment in this life, as a Sotapanna, Sakadagami, Anagami or Arahant. The option is left open for people to aspire to achieve Paccekabuddhahood or Sammasambuddhahood in a future life, which (according to Theravada doctrine) would mean that suffering would not be extinguished for another 'unmeasurable' period of time (many aeons). The path of the Bodhisattva is not taught in the Pali Canon, possibly because the teachings of Theravada Buddhism mainly aims at liberating oneself from suffering and therefore does not include the goal of the Mahayana: the full enlightenment of all beings. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Sotapatti. ... The Sakadagami is a partially-enlighened person, who has cut off the first three chains with which the ordinary mind is bound, and significantly weakened the 4th and 5th. ... In Hindu and Buddhist theology as it pertains to reincarnation, an anagami (or anaagaamii) is a non-returner; after death, he will not be reborn back into the human world, and will instead appear in one of the Brahma worlds called the Pure Abodes. ... A garden featuring depictions of various arhats (Hsi Lai Temple, California) An arhat (also arahat or arahant; Chinese: 阿羅漢, aluohan; Tibetan: dgra-bcom-pa; Jp. ... A statue of the Sakyamuni Buddha in Tawang Gompa. ... A statue of the Sakyamuni Buddha in Tawang Gompa. ...

Bodhisattvas in Mahayana Buddhism

In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva has the compassionate determination to aid all beings on their quest for the highest state of development, full enlightenment of a Buddha. This type of motivation is known as bodhicitta ('citta' means mind). Remaining in this world of uncontrolled rebirth (samsara), the Bodhisattva has taken the bodhisattva vow to achieve Buddhahood as quickly as possible and thereby be most able to teach Dharma until all beings have likewise achieved enlightenment. Relief image of the bodhisattva Kuan Yin from Mt. ... In Buddhist thought, bodhicitta (Ch. ... Saṃsāra, the Sanskrit and Pāli term for continous movement or continuous flowing refers in Buddhism to the concept of a cycle of birth (jāti) and consequent decay and death (jarāmaraṇa), in which all beings in the universe participate and which can only be escaped... In the Bodhisattva vows (sometimes called the Bodhisattva Precepts) of Mahayana Buddhism, the bodhisattvas take vows stating that they will not realize or attain Nirvana until all sentient beings have done so. ... Dharma (Sanskrit: धर्म) or Dhamma (Pāli: धमा) (Natural Law) refers to the underlying order in Nature and human behaviour considered to be in accord with that order. ...

Another common conception of the Bodhisattva is one who delays his own final and complete enlightenment in order to save all sentient beings out of his enormous compassion. He is on a mission to liberate all sentient beings, and only then will he rest and complete his own enlightenment.

In brief, simply imagine the Bodhisattva as saying, "If I know how to swim, and even one other being cannot, then it is right to remain behind in this world to assist them until they know how to save themselves from drowning".

Mahayana Buddhist philosophy sometimes poses the concept of the bodhisattva in opposition to that of the Śrāvakabuddha (conventionally referred to as an Arhat). The Arhat is seen as being liberated from samsara, but he did not choose to save all and every other living being before passing away into Parinirvana, and thus is not a fully enlightened Buddha. Relief image of the bodhisattva Kuan Yin from Mt. ... Statues of the 500 arhats in the Longhua temple in Shanghai, P.R. China Åšrāvakabuddhas (Sanskrit) or Sāvakabuddhas (Pāli) is a rarely used term in Buddhism, identifying enlightened disciples of a Buddha as Buddhas. ... A garden featuring depictions of various arhats (Hsi Lai Temple, California) An arhat (Sanskrit, also arahat or arahant (Pali); Chinese: 阿羅漢, āluóhàn, luóhàn, lohan; Tibetan: dgra-bcom-pa; Jp. ... In Buddhism, parinirvana (Sanskrit -- Pali: Parinibbana -- Chinese: 般涅槃; Pinyin: bō niè pán) is the final nirvana, traditionally understood to be within reach only upon the death of someone who attained complete enlightenment. ...

According to many traditions within Mahayana Buddhism, on his or her way to becoming a Buddha, the bodhisattva proceeds through ten, or sometimes fourteen, stages or bhumi. Below is the list of ten bhumis and their descriptions from The Jewel Ornament of Liberation, a treatise by Gampopa, an influential teacher of the Tibetan Kagyu school. Other schools give variant descriptions. Relief image of the bodhisattva Kuan Yin from Mt. ... The Ten Bhumi, in the Mahayana tradition, are the ten stages a Bodhisattva advances through in the path to become a Buddha. ... Gampopa or Dakpo Rinpoche (1016-1053) was the formost student of the Tibetan Buddhist teacher Milarepa. ... Tibetan Buddhism is the body of religious Buddhist doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet, the Himalayan region (including northern Nepal, Bhutan, and Sikkim), Mongolia, Buryatia, Tuva and Kalmykia (Russia), and northeastern China (Manchuria: Heilongjiang, Jilin). ... The Kagyu (Tibetan: བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་; Wylie: Bka-brgyud) school, also known as the Oral Lineage and the Spotless Practice Lineage school, is one of four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism, the other three being Nyingma (Rnying-ma), Sakya (Sa-skya), and Gelug (Dge-lugs). ...

Prince Siddhartha Gautama as a bodhisattva, before becoming a Buddha. He is characteristically depicted as an Nepalese nobleman, posing with left hand on the hip, Gandhara, 2nd-3rd century.

Before a bodhisattva arrives at the first ground, he or she first must travel the first two of the five paths, which are said to correspond to words from the mantra that appears at the end of the Heart Sutra: Download high resolution version (387x939, 55 KB)Prince Siddharta. ... Download high resolution version (387x939, 55 KB)Prince Siddharta. ... Standing Buddha, ancient region of Gandhara, northern Pakistan, 1st century CE. Gautama Buddha was a South Asian spiritual leader who lived between approximately 563 BCE and 483 BCE. Born Siddhartha Gautama in Sanskrit, a name meaning descendant of Gotama whose aims are achieved/who is efficacious in achieving aims, he... Media:Example. ... Gandhāra (Sanskrit: गन्धार, Persian; Gandara, Waihind) (Urdu: گندھارا) is the name of an ancient Indian Mahajanapada, currently in northern Pakistan (the North-West Frontier Province and parts of northern Punjab and Kashmir) and eastern Afghanistan. ... In Tibet, many Buddhists carve mantras into rocks as a form of devotion. ... The Heart of Perfect Wisdom Sutra or Heart Sutra or Essence of Wisdom Sutra (Sanskrit: प्रज्ञापारमिताहृदयसूत्र Prajñāpāramitā Hridaya Sūtra; Chinese: 般若波羅蜜多心經, Bōrěbōluómìduō Xīnjīng; Japanese: 般若心経, Hannya Shingyō; Korean: Pannya Shimgyŏng) is a well-known Mahāyāna Buddhist sutra that is very...

1. the path of accumulation (gate)
2. the path of preparation (gate).

The ten grounds of the bodhisattva then can be grouped into the next three paths

1. Bhumi 1 the path of insight (paragate)
2. Bhumi 2-7 the path of meditation (parasamgate)
3. Bhumi 8-10 the path of no more learning (bodhi)

The 10 Grounds of the Bodhisattvayana

1. Great Joy
   • It is said that being close to enlightenment and seeing the benefit for all sentient beings, one achieves great joy, hence the name. In this bhumi the bodhisattvas practice all virtues (paramita), but especially emphasizing generosity (dana).
2. Stainless
   • In accomplishing the second bhumi, the bodhisattva is free from the stains of immorality, therefore, this bhumi is named 'Stainless'. The emphasized virtue is moral discipline (śila).
3. Radiant
   • The third bhumi is named 'Radiant', because, for a bodhisattva who accomplishes this bhumi, the light of Dharma is said to radiate from the bodhisattva for others. The emphasized virtue is patience (kṣanti).
4. Luminous
   • This bhumi is called 'luminous', because it is said to be like a radiating light that fully burns that which opposes enlightenment. The emphasized virtue is vigor (virya).
5. Very difficult to train
   • Bodhisattvas who attain this bhumi strive to help sentient beings attain maturity, and do not become emotionally involved when such beings respond negatively, both of which are difficult to do. The emphasized virtue is meditative concentration (dhyāna).
6. Obviously Transcendent
   • "By depending on the perfection of wisdom awareness, he [the bodhisattva] does not abide in either saṃsāra or nirvāṇa, so it is 'obviously transcendent'". The emphasized virtue is wisdom (prajña).
7. Gone afar
   • Particular emphasis is on the perfection of skillful means, or upaya-kaushalya, to help others.
8. Immovable
   • The emphasized virtue is aspiration.
   • This, the 'Immovable' bhumi, is the bhumi at which one becomes able to choose his place of rebirth.
9. Good Discriminating Wisdom
   • The emphasized virtue is power.
10. Cloud of dharma
    • The emphasized virtue is the practice of primordial wisdom.

Chinese wood carving of Guanyin; Shanxi Province (A.D. 907-1125)

After the ten bhumis, according to Mahayana Buddhism, one attains complete enlightenment and becomes a Buddha. Various traditions within Buddhism believe in certain specific bodhisattvas. Some bodhisattvas appear across traditions, but due to language barriers may be seen as separate entities. For example, Tibetan Buddhists believe in Chenrezig, who is Avalokitesvara in India, Guanyin (other spellings: Kwan-yin, Kuan-yin) in China, Quan Am in Vietnam, and Kannon (formerly spelt and pronounced: Kwannon) in Japan. A modern bodhisattva for many is the 14th Dalai Lama, considered by many followers of Tibetan Buddhism to be an incarnation of that same bodhisattva, the Bodhisattva of Compassion. Sentience is the capacity for basic consciousness -- the ability to feel or perceive, not necessarily including the faculty of self-awareness. ... Pāramitā (Sanskrit) or Parami (Pāli): Perfection or Transcendent. In Buddhism, the Paramitas refer to the perfection or culmination of certain practices. ... Dana is a Sanskrit and Pali word meaning generosity or giving. ... Śīla (Sanskrit) or SÄ«la (Pāli), Tibetan , is a term in the Indian religions Hinduism and Buddhism which is sometimes rendered into English as behavioral discipline, morality, or ethics . More specifically, the concept deals with the prohibitions against immoral behavior that are practiced by ordained laypeople, monks and nuns... Kshanti or ká¹£anti, often translated as patience, tolerance, forbearance, acceptance, or endurance, is one of the paramitas of Buddhism. ... Vīrya (Pali: viriya; Tibetan: brtson grus) is a Sanskrit word which can be translated into English as effort, vigor, diligence, and zeal. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Dhyan (Meditation). ... Illustration depicting the transmigration of the soul. ... [ (Devanagari , Pali: Nibbāna निब्बान -- Chinese: 涅槃; Pinyin: niè pán), literally extinction and/or extinguishing (ie, of the passions) is a mode of being that is free from mind-contaminants (Kilesa) such as lust, anger or craving. ... Prajñā (Sanskrit; Pali: paññā; Tibetan: shes rab, Chinese: 般若, banruo) meaning wisdom, cognitive acuity; or know-how -- but especially the Buddhist wisdom that is based on a realization of dependent origination, not-self, emptiness, etc. ... Upaya is a term in Mahayana Buddhism which is often translated as means, though literally expedient would be more accurate, as upaya (from upa√i) refers to something which goes or brings you up to something (i. ... Tibetan Buddhism, (formerly also called Lamaism after their religious gurus known as lamas), is the body of religious Buddhist doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet and the Himalayan region. ... In Mahayana Buddhism, Avalokitesvara or Avalokiteshvara is a bodhisattva who embodies the compassion of all Buddhas. ... Avalokitesvara with a 1,000 arms, part of the Dazu Stone Carvings at Mount Baoding, Dazu County, Chongqing, China. ... Kuan Yin (Pinyin: Guanyin; also written Kwan Yin or in other variants which hyphenate or remove the space between the two words) is the bodhisattva of compassion as venerated by East Asian Buddhists. ... Kuan Yin (Pinyin: Guanyin; also written Kwan Yin or in other variants which hyphenate or remove the space between the two words) is the bodhisattva of compassion as venerated by East Asian Buddhists. ... (Redirected from 14th Dalai Lama) Tenzin Gyatso is the fourteenth and current Dalai Lama. ...

The bodhisattva is a popular subject in Buddhist art. It has been suggested that Buddhist symbolism be merged into this article or section. ...

The place of a bodhisattva's earthly deeds, such as the achievement of enlightenment or the acts of dharma, is known as a bodhimanda, and may be a site of pilgrimage. Many temples and monasteries are famous as bodhimandas; for instance, the island of Putuoshan, located off the coast of Ningbo, is venerated by Chinese Buddhists as the bodhimanda of Avalokitesvara. Perhaps the most famous bodhimanda of all is the bodhi tree under which Shakyamuni achieved buddhahood. Bodhi (Pali and Sanskrit. ... Dharma (Sanskrit: धर्म) or Dhamma (Pāli: धमा) (Natural Law) refers to the underlying order in Nature and human behaviour considered to be in accord with that order. ... Bodhimanda is a Pali word that refers to the spot or seat under the Bodhi tree where the Buddha attained enlightenment. ... Pilgrim at Mecca In religion and spirituality, a pilgrimage is a long journey or search of great moral significance. ... Mount Putuo (Chinese 普陀山; pinyin pu tuo shan) or Putuo Shan is an island located to the south-east of Shanghai, off the coast of Zhejiang province, China. ... Ningbo (Simplified Chinese: 宁波; Traditional Chinese: 寧波; pinyin: Níngbō; Wade-Giles: Ning-po; literally Tranquil Waves) is a seaport sub-provincial city with a population of 800,000 in northeastern Zhejiang province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Avalokitesvara with a 1,000 arms, part of the Dazu Stone Carvings at Mount Baoding, Dazu County, Chongqing, China. ... The Bodhi Tree at the Mahabodhi Temple. ... Standing Buddha, ancient region of Gandhara, northern Pakistan, 1st century CE. Gautama Buddha was a South Asian spiritual leader who lived between approximately 563 BCE and 483 BCE. Born Siddhartha Gautama in Sanskrit, a name meaning descendant of Gotama whose aims are achieved/who is efficacious in achieving aims, he...

Bodhisattva in popular culture

The "Thousand-hand Bodhisattva" perfomance by the China Disabled People's Performing Art Troupe.

• Jack Kerouac mentions Bodhisattva in The Dharma Bums several times. In the book, Japhy Ryder (Gary Snyder) tells Ray Smith (Kerouac) that he (Ray) is a Bodhisattva, a great wise being or great wise angel. Kerouac uses the term several times in the novel, to describe himself and fellow zen Buddhists.
• The band Steely Dan has a song entitled "Bodhisattva" on their 1973 album Countdown to Ecstasy.
• The Brian Setzer Orchestra covered Steely Dan's "Bodhisattva" for the soundtrack of Me, Myself and Irene.
• The hip-hop group The Beastie Boys has a song called "Bodhisattva Vow" on their album Ill Communication.
• Patrick Swayze's character in Point Break is named Bodhisattva.
• The Holy Barbarians have a song called "Bodhisattva" on the Cream CD.
• In the manga/anime titled Gensoumaden Saiyuki, the bodhisattva called Kannon appears as a minor, but still relevant, character. In this unorthodox take on Buddhism, Kanzeon Bosatsu (a more formal form of Kannon) is a smart-talking hermaphrodite who guides the Sanzo-ikkou on their quest to Shangri-La.
• On the OST for the anime Hellsing, there is a track titled "Bodhisattva Cathedral."

Image File history File links Thousand-hand_Bodhisattva. ... Image File history File links Thousand-hand_Bodhisattva. ... Jack Kerouac (pronounced ) (March 12, 1922 – October 21, 1969) was an American novelist, writer, poet, artist, and part of the Beat Generation. ... The Dharma Bums cover This is an article about the novel by Jack Kerouac. ... Young Gary Snyder, on one of his early book covers Gary Snyder (born May 8, 1930) is an American poet (originally, often associated with the Beat Generation), essayist, lecturer, and environmental activist. ... Statues of Buddha such as this, the Tian Tan Buddha statue in Hong Kong, remind followers to practice right living. ... Steely Dan is an American rock band centered around the core members Walter Becker and Donald Fagen. ... See also: other events of 1973 list of years in music 1970s in music // January 9 - Mick Jaggers request for a Japanese visa is rejected on account of a 1969 drug bust, putting an abrupt end to The Rolling Stones plans to tour the Orient. ... Originally released in 1973, Countdown To Ecstasy was the second album released by rock group Steely Dan. ... The Brian Setzer Orchestra is a swing band formed in 1990 by Stray Cats frontman Brian Setzer. ... Steely Dan is an American rock band centered around the core members Walter Becker and Donald Fagen. ... Me, Myself & Irene is a 2000 comedy film directed by the Farrelly Brothers, and starring Jim Carrey and Renée Zellweger. ... The Beastie Boys as depicted on the cover of their 1992 album Check Your Head. ... Ill Communication is the fourth album by the Beastie Boys. ... Patrick Wayne Swayze (born August 18, 1952) is an American dancer, actor, singer and songwriter. ... Point Break is a 1991 film starring Keanu Reeves and Patrick Swayze, and directed by Kathryn Bigelow. ... Manga )   is the Japanese word for comics and print cartoons. ... The main cast of the anime Cowboy Bebop (1998) (L to R: Spike Spiegel, Jet Black, Ed Tivrusky, Faye Valentine, and Ein the dog) For the oleo-resin, see Animé (oleo-resin). ... Gensōmaden Saiyūki (Japanese: 幻想魔伝最遊記, Demonic Account of an Extreme Journey), published in English as simply Saiyuki, is a popular manga series created by Kazuya Minekura and loosely based on the famous Chinese novel Xī Yóu Jì (Journey to... Kuan Yin (Pinyin: Guanyin; also written Kwan Yin or in other variants which hyphenate or remove the space between the two words) is the bodhisattva of compassion as venerated by East Asian Buddhists. ... Kuan Yin (觀音; Pinyin: Guān YÄ«n) is the bodhisattva of compassion as venerated by East Asian Buddhists, usually as a female. ... The 1st-century BC sculpture The Reclining Hermaphrodite, in the Museo Nazionale Romano, Palazzo Massimo Alle Terme in Rome In zoology and botany, a hermaphrodite (aka David Harrop, Carlisle, Cumbria) is an organism that possesses both male and female sex organs during its life[1]. In many species, hermaphroditism is... Shangri-La is a fictional place described in the novel, Lost Horizon, written by British writer James Hilton in 1933. ... Hellsing is an anime and manga series by Kouta Hirano. ...

See also

• Bodhisattva vows
• List of bodhisattvas
• Karuna (compassion in Sanskrit)
• Bodhicharyavatara (A Guide to the Bodhisattva Way of Life)
• Vegetarianism in Buddhism

In the Bodhisattva vows (sometimes called the Bodhisattva Precepts) of Mahayana Buddhism, the bodhisattvas take vows stating that they will not realize or attain Nirvana until all sentient beings have done so. ... Relief image of the bodhisattva Avalokitesvara from Mt. ... For the army colonel see Colonel Karuna. ... It has been suggested that Idiot compassion be merged into this article or section. ... Sanskrit ( , ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... The Bodhicaryavatara, sometimes glossed as A Guide of to the Bodhisattvas Way of Life, is a famous Buddhist text written by Shantideva, around year 700. ... In Buddhism, the views on vegetarianism vary from school to school. ...

References

• Gampopa; The Jewel Ornament of Liberation; Snow Lion Publications; ISBN 1-55939-092-1
• White, Kenneth R.; The Role of Bodhicitta in Buddhist Enlightenment: Including a Translation into English of Bodhicitta-sastra, Benkemmitsu-nikyoron, and Sammaya-kaijo; The Edwin Mellen Press, 2005; ISBN 0-88946-050-7
• Lampert, K.; Traditions of Compassion: From Religious Duty to Social Activism. Palgrave-Macmillan; ISBN 1-4039-8527-8

Kenneth R. White is a professor of History, Language, and Philosophy at Brigham Young University. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Bodhisattvas

• Various versions of the Bodhisattva Vow
• The Bodhisattva Vows as practiced in Tibetan Buddhism
• The Bodhisattva Ideal - Buddhism and the Aesthetics of Selflessness
• The group of Eight Great Bodhisattvas at Candi Mendut
• Thousand-hand Bodhisattva Dance
• What A Bodhisattva Does: Thirty-Seven Practices by Ngulchu Thogme
• http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/bodhi/wheel409.html

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