National colours of Bodoland

Bodoland is the name adopted by Bodo nationalists in Assam, India to denote their homeland, over which they want to exercise greater control. The ABSU and the BLTF seek a separate state of Bodoland, whereas the NDFB seek an independent country. At present, the current demarkation of Bodoland is the Bodoland Territorial Areas District (BTAD) administered by an autonomous Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC). National colours of Bodoland Taken from http://es. ... National colours of Bodoland Taken from http://es. ... The Bodos are an ethnic community that is concentrated mostly in the north-western parts of Assam in India. ... Assam   (Assamese: অসম Ôxôm) is a northeastern state of India with its capital at Dispur. ... possible disambiguation: reference entry Apsû for mesopotamian deity also known as Absu. ... Bodo Liberation Tigers Force (BLTF), also called Bodo Liberation Tigers (BLT), was an armed group operating in the Bodo dominated regions of Assam which demanded a separate state for the Bodos to be carved out of Assam. ... Flag of the National Democratic Front of Boroland The National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB) is an armed group that seeks to obtain a sovereign Bodoland for the Bodo people in Assam. ...

Bodoland Movement

Tribalization of Bodos

By definition, Bodos (pronounced BO-ROs) do not display tribalistic culture or rituals in the they do not live in caves or jungles, or go hunting wild animals. For centuries majority Bodos remained as farmers, cultivators, and peace loving folks. Like many cultures in the world today, Bodos are also ethnocentric or nationalist. The early history of Bodos is largely unknown. In brief, before the British Raj, Bodo-Kingdom may have included a vast area extending far and beyond Assam, a small province in the North-East India. History suggest that Dimapur was the capital of Bodo-Kachari kingdom. The British-India colonial rulers adapted divide and rule policy for over 300 years. It is likely that Bodo-Kachari were lagging behind their fellow Indians in terms of education and employability. Since the time of British Raj, Assam is known to produce oil and natural gas, and Assam tea. Before independence (1947), North-East India was a remote place, a land that was inaccessible due to heavy rain and forestation. Compared to other parts of India, such as West Bengal and Maharastra, Education came to North East India late, as late as after the independence. Even after India obtained independence, most official jobs were performed by immigrants from West Bengal, East Bengal (now Bangladesh), and other parts of British-India. When India obtained independence, Bodos were not represented by any group. In the process, like the Khasis (Hills-tribe), Bodos were given opportunity to take advantage of scheduled-tribe (ST, plains). This is a scenario how Bodos may have become plains tribal in the 20th century. Nevertheless, this lead to the creation of tribal belts and blocks, lands meant for farming and grazing for Bodo people. Tribal refers to a culture or society based on tribes or clans. ... Ethnocentrism (Greek ethnos nation + -centrism) is a set of beliefs or practices based on the view that ones own group is the center of everything. ... Nationalism is an ideology that creates and sustains a nation as a concept of a common identity for groups of humans. ... The British Empire at its zenith in 1919. ... Assam   (Assamese: অসম Ôxôm) is a northeastern state of India with its capital at Dispur. ... The Himalayas in Sikkim North-East India is the easternmost region of India consisting of the contiguous Seven Sister States and the state of Sikkim. ... Dimapur is Indian state of Nagalands largest city. ... The British Empire at its zenith in 1919. ... Assam   (Assamese: অসম Ôxôm) is a northeastern state of India with its capital at Dispur. ... West Bengal   (Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ, Poshchimbôŋgo) is a state in eastern India. ... Maharashtra (महाराष्ट्र) is a state in west-central India. ...

Plains Tribals Council of Assam

Early on, the Plains Tribals Council of Assam (PTCA), a political party representing Bodos (pronounced BO-ROs) and other plains tribals of Assam realized that tribal belts and blocks were gradually being acquired by rich landlords or new immigrants through illegal means. These were several reasons for which, in 1967, PTCA demanded a Union Territory called Udayachal, to be carved out of Assam. The proposed Udayachal map included mainly those areas that was known as tribal belts and blocks. The creation of tribal belts and blocks (for scheduled-tribes) was a mechanism to protect farming and grazing lands mainly from rich landlord and illegal immigrants. The demand for Udayachal never materialized. Many government came and gone, players changed and so did the game. By the end of 70's it became clear that Bodos had a little or no influence in the Indian political process. Specifically, in Assam Bodos areas were neglected. Neglects included diverting and misuse of tribal-plan funds. For similar reasons, Khasis and Garos, carved out Meghalaya from Assam. In the late 80's, All Bodo Students' Union's (ABSU) became very concerned about decades of neglects. ABSU and Bodo political parties jointly moved and demanded a separate state, called Bodoland. Assam   (Assamese: অসম Ôxôm) is a northeastern state of India with its capital at Dispur. ... Meghalaya (मेघालय in DevanāgarÄ«) is a small state in north-eastern India. ... possible disambiguation: reference entry Apsû for mesopotamian deity also known as Absu. ...

All Bodo Students' Union (ABSU)

The official Bodoland Movement^[1] for an independent state of Bodoland started on March 2, 1987 under the leadership of Upendranath Brahma of ABSU. The ABSU created a political organization, the Bodo Peoples' Action Committee (BPAC), to spearhead the movement. The ABSU/BPAC movement began with the slogan "Divide Assam 50-50". The ABSU/BPAC leadership of the movement ended with the bipartite Bodo Accord^[2] of February 20, 1993 and the creation of the BAC. The accord soon collapsed amidst a vertical split in ABSU and other Bodo political parties brought about mainly by the split between S K Bwiswmuthiary and Premsingh Brahma, and violence erupted in Bodo areas leading to a displacement of some 70,000 people. March 2 is the 61st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (62nd in leap years). ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Upendranath Brahma is considered as the father of the Bodos (Bodofa). ... possible disambiguation: reference entry Apsû for mesopotamian deity also known as Absu. ... February 20 is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... Sansuma Khunggur Bwiswmuthiary is an Indian politician. ...

Illegal immigration remains a chronic problem for Assam. Notably, before ABSU movement for Bodoland, All Assam Students Union (AASU) launched agitation to stop illegal immigration. This long agitation by AASU provided initial impetus for demand for the Bodoland movement. One of the main objectives of the ABSU movement was to save tribal belts and blocks, and Bodo dominated areas from the illegal immigrants. Second, to establish educational institutions and create job opportunities, improve quality of daily life, and bring parity with Assamese folks. However, these objectives never materialized. Assam   (Assamese: অসম Ôxôm) is a northeastern state of India with its capital at Dispur. ... Assamese (অসমীয়া) or Asamiya is the language spoken by some of the natives of the state of Assam in northeast India. ...

Bodo students plights

Even after independence, for several decades, higher education was out of reach for most Bodos. Universities and higher educational institutes are located in far away places such as Gauhati (now called Guwahati), Shillong, or Dibrugarh. Moreover, year after year majority Bodo students were denied admissions in Cotton College, Assam Agricultural University, Assam Engineering College and Gauhati University. In addition, even after obtaining a college degree, Bodos had limited or no job opportunities. These reasons fueled disappointment and anger among Bodo students. Although, Bodos were given ST quota, most of those jobs or opportunities went unfilled. Every office in Assam were filled with Assamese speaking folks, from officers down to peons. Creating a better educational opportunities for Bodos became first goal for ABSU's. However, as All Assam Students Union's (AASU) agitation to drive out illegal immigrants (year 1979-82) was slowing down, the demand for a separate state, called Bodoland was gaining momentum. Cotton College A Roman Catholic boarding school in North Staffordshire, England. ... The Assam Agricultural University was established in 1969 under the Assam Agricultural University Act l968 (Assam Act XXIV of l968) vide Governors notification LJL l8/67/l0 dated the January 2, l969[citation needed]. The objectives of the University are: making provision for imparting education to the people in... Assam Engineering College established in 1955 is located in Jalukbari area of Guwahati city. ... Gauhati University, the first University of North East India, located in Jalukbari area in the western part Guwahati city, was established in the year 1948. ... Assamese (অসমীয়া) or Asamiya is the language spoken by some of the natives of the state of Assam in northeast India. ...

Bodo Liberation Tigers Force

Many members of the Bodo organizations were not happy with the newly created Bodo Accord and continued to agitate for political, economic, and educational parity within Assam. This phase of the movement ended with the Memorandum of Settlement^[3] with the BLTF on February 10, 2003, and the establishment of the Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC) under the Sixth Sechedule of the Constitution of India. The BLTF laid down their weapons on December 6, 2003 and its chief, Hagrama Mohilary , was sworn in as the Chief Executive Member (CEM) of the interim BTC on December 7, 2003. The BLTF joined hands with the ABSU to form a political party, the BPPF, but soon parted ways in 2005 at the time of the BTC elections. After the elections Mohilary consolidated his powers. The success of his faction in the 2006 Assam Assembly Elections has created a situation in which the Bodos under the leadership of Hagrama Mohilary has considerable influence in the Government of Assam for the first time in history. Assam   (Assamese: অসম Ôxôm) is a northeastern state of India with its capital at Dispur. ... February 10 is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Constitution of India was passed by the Constituent Assembly of India on November 26, 1949, and came into effect on January 26, 1950. ... Bodo Liberation Tigers Force (BLTF), also called Bodo Liberation Tigers (BLT), was an armed group operating in the Bodo dominated regions of Assam which demanded a separate state for the Bodos to be carved out of Assam. ... December 6 is the 340th day (341st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Hagrama Mohilary alias Hagrama Basumatary is the Chief Executive Member of Bodoland Territorial Council. ... December 7 is the 341st day (342nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Bodo Peoples Progressive Front (BPPF) is a political organization in Assam formed on April 12, 2005 for participation in the BTAD elections. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Government of Assam is the provincial government of Assam. ...

BAC

The Bodoland Autonomous Council (BAC) was constituted after the Bodo Accord. Subsequent to that accord, a section of the Bodo Volunteer Force, the militant wing of the ABSU, came overground. The section that did not lay down arms formed the BLTF. The BAC was replaced by the BTC. possible disambiguation: reference entry Apsû for mesopotamian deity also known as Absu. ... Bodo Liberation Tigers Force (BLTF), also called Bodo Liberation Tigers (BLT), was an armed group operating in the Bodo dominated regions of Assam which demanded a separate state for the Bodos to be carved out of Assam. ...

BTC

The Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC) is a 46-member body established according to the Memorandum of Settlement (MoS) of February 10, 2003. The first elections for the BTC were held on May 13, 2005.^[4] Of the 46 members, 40 are elected, and the rest nominated. The BTC could have not more than 12 executive members each of whom looks after a specific area of control called somisthi. The area under the BTC jurisdiction is called the Bodo Territorial Autonomous District (BTAD). The Council enjoys autonomy and control over departments specified in the MoS, but it does not control the district administration. February 10 is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 13 is the 133rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (134th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The BTAD consists of four contiguous districts—Kokrajhar, Baska, Udalguri and Chirang—carved out of eight existing districts—Dhubri, Kokrajhar, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamrup, Darrang and Sonitpur—an area of 27,100 km² (35% of Assam). Chirang is the name of the new district formed in the BTC area of Assam. ... Dhubri is the headquarter of Dhubri District, Assam, India. ... Kokrajhar is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India. ... Bongaigaon is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India. ... Barpeta is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India. ... Nalbari is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India. ... Kamrup was the mighty Kingdom ruled by Narayana Dynasty before the British broke the Kingdom into two big districts. ... Darrang is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India. ... Sonitpur is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India. ...

The BTC seem to have largely addressed the issues of Bodo self-determination for now. This was the first instance that guarantees for the hill tribes under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India has been extended to the plains tribes.^[5] This has led to fears that the non-tribals in the BTAD area might create problems.^[6]

Notes

February 20 is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... The Government of Assam is the provincial government of Assam. ... possible disambiguation: reference entry Apsû for mesopotamian deity also known as Absu. ... Bodo Peoples Action Committee was an organization had led the Bodo Movement. ... The Government of India (Hindi: Bharat Sarkar), officially referred to as the Union Government, and commonly as Central Government, was established by the Constitution of India, and is the governing authority of a federal union of 28 states and 7 union territories, collectively called the Republic of India. ... The Government of Assam is the provincial government of Assam. ... Extremism is the act of taking a belief, political view or ideology to its most literal extreme. ...

See also

• Bodo people
• Bodo language
• Bodo Sahitya Sabha

A Bodo girl in the traditional Bodo dokhna. ... Bodo is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by the Bodo people of north-eastern India and Nepal. ... On November 16, 1952, the Bodo Sahitya Sabha, the vanguard of Bodo language and literature, was founded at Basugaon, in the district of Kokrajhar, Assam consisting of representatives of Assam, West Bengal, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura and Nepal in abroad. ...

External links

• Bodoland.org
• BTC official site