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Bodybuilding is the process of developing muscle fibers through the combination of weight training, increased caloric intake, and rest. Someone who engages in this activity is referred to as a bodybuilder. As a sport, called competitive bodybuilding, bodybuilders display their physiques to a panel of judges, who assign points based on their aesthetic appearance. Anders Graneheim (Photo: Alexander Danielsson) Photo from the Luciapokalen bodybuilding contest in Gothenburg, December 2002. ...
Anders Graneheim (Photo: Alexander Danielsson) Photo from the Luciapokalen bodybuilding contest in Gothenburg, December 2002. ...
Photo by Alexander Danielsson, used with permission Anders Graneheim (born May 3, 1962 in Timrå, Sweden) is a Swedish bodybuilder. ...
A top-down view of skeletal muscle Muscle is the contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. ...
A complete weight training workout can be performed with a pair of adjustable dumbbells and a set of weight disks (plates). ...
A calorie is a unit of measurement for energy. ...
A judge or justice is an official who presides over a court. ...
Aesthetics (or esthetics) (from the Greek word αισθητική) is a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty. ...
Arguably the most famous bodybuilder in the world is Arnold Schwarzenegger, whose Hollywood acting career was launched after his success in bodybuilding. His acting career was boosted by his appearance in the bodybuilding documentary film Pumping Iron after winning the 1975 Mr. Olympia title. This film also helped another bodybuilder, Lou Ferrigno, to get the part of The Incredible Hulk in the 1980s TV series. Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian-American bodybuilder, Golden Globe award winning actor, and Republican politician, currently serving as the 38th Governor of California. ...
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This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Pumping Iron (1977) is a documentary film, about the run-up to the 1975 Mr. ...
Mr. ...
Lou Ferrigno in the Married episode of TVs The Incredible Hulk (1978) Louis Jude Ferrigno (born November 9, 1952, Brooklyn, New York, USA) is an American bodybuilder and actor. ...
Lou Ferrigno in the 1978 episode Married The Incredible Hulk was an American television series loosely based on the comic book character of the same name. ...
A television program is the content of television broadcasting. ...
History As a sport of aesthetics, bodybuilding can be traced back to the 11th century in India where athletes created their own dumbbells (called Nals) out of stone and wood. There is also evidence that they created the first kind of gyms around this period. As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. ...
A pair of spinlock dumbbells with 2 kg plates. ...
Sedimentary, volcanic, plutonic, metamorphic rock types of North America. ...
A tree trunk as found at the Veluwe, The Netherlands Wood derives from woody plants, notably trees but also shrubs. ...
Modern indoor gymnasium with pull-down basketball hoops Gym, a shortened form of gymnasium, refers to facilities intended for indoor sports or exercise. ...
Early years The "Early Years" of Bodybuilding is generally considered to be the period between 1880 and 1930. Image File history File links Photo of Eugen Sandow. ...
Image File history File links Photo of Eugen Sandow. ...
Bodybuilding (the art of displaying the muscles of the physical body) did not really exist prior to the late 19th century, when it was promoted by a man from Prussia named Eugen Sandow [1], who is now generally referred to as "The Father of Modern Bodybuilding". He is credited as being a pioneer of the sport because he allowed an audience to enjoy viewing his physique in "muscle display performances". Although audiences thrilled seeing a well developed physique, those men simply displayed their bodies as part of strength demonstrations or wrestling matches. Sandow had a stage show built around these displays through his manager, Florenz Ziegfeld. He became so successful at it, he later created several businesses around his fame and was among the first to market products branded with his name alone. As he became more popular, he was credited with inventing and selling the first exercise equipment for the masses (machined dumbbells, spring pulleys and tension bands). Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 The word Prussia (Old Prussian: Prūsa, German: Preußen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian: Prūsai, Latin: Borussia) has had various (often contradictory) meanings: The land of the Baltic Prussians (in what is now parts of southern Lithuania, the Kaliningrad...
Eugen Sandow Eugen Sandow (born Friederich Wilhelm Mueller on April 2, 1867 in Königsberg, East Prussia, died on October 14, 1925) was a pioneering bodybuilder of the Victorian era and is often refered to as the Father of Modern Bodybuilding. Sandow had been a great admirer of Greek and...
Sandow was a strong advocate of "the Grecian Ideal" (this was a standard where a mathematical "ideal" was set up and the "perfect physique" was close to the proportions of ancient Greek and Roman statues from classical times). This is how Sandow built his own physique and in the early years, men were judged by how closely they matched these "ideal" proportions.
Sandow organised the first bodybuilding contest on September 14, 1901 called the "Great Competition" and held in the Royal Albert Hall, London, UK. Judged by himself, Sir Charles Lawes, and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle the contest was a huge success and was sold out and hundreds of physical culture enthusiasts were turned away. The trophy presented to the winner was a bronze statue of Sandow himself sculpted by Frederick Pomeroy. The winner was William L. Murray of Nottingham, England. The most presigious bodybuilding contest today is the Mr. Olympia, and since 1977, the winner has been presented with the same bronze statue of Sandow he himself presented to the winner at the first contest [2]. September 14 is the 257th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (258th in leap years). ...
1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
Royal Albert Hall The Royal Albert Hall of Arts and Sciences is an arts venue dedicated to Queen Victorias husband and consort, Prince Albert. ...
The Houses of Parliament and the clock tower containing Big Ben Part of the London skyline viewed from the South Bank London (see Wiktionary:London for the name in other languages) is the capital of the United Kingdom and England. ...
Arthur Conan Doyle Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle (May 22, 1859 – July 7, 1930) was a Scottish author most famously known for his stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes, which are generally considered a major innovation in the field of crime fiction. ...
Mr. ...
For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ...
On January 16, 1904, the first large-scale bodybuilding competition in America took place at Madison Square Garden in New York City. The winner was Al Treloar and he was declaired "The Most Perfectly Developed Man in the World" and he won a $1000 cash prize, a substantial sum at that time. 2 weeks later, it was Thomas Edison himself who made a film of Al Treloar's posing routine. It was also Edison who made 2 films of Sandow a few years before, making him the man who made the first 3 motion pictures featuring a bodybuilder.
In the early 20th century, Bernarr Macfadden and Charles Atlas, continued to promote bodybuilding across the world. Alois P Swoboda was an early pioneer in America and the man who Charles Atlas credited with his success in his statement: [citation needed]"Everything thing that I know I learned from A. P. (Alois) Swoboda". (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the...
Bernarr Macfadden (b. ...
Charles Atlas (1892–1972), self-made man, trained himself to develop his body from that of a scrawny weakling, eventually becoming the most popular muscleman of his day. ...
Other important bodybuilders in the early history of bodybuilding prior to 1930 include Earle Liederman (writer of some of the earliest bodybuilding instruction books), Seigmund Breitbart (famous Jewish bodybuilder), George Hackenschmidt, George F. Jowett, Maxick (a pioneer in the art of posing), Monte Saldo, Launceston Elliot, Sig Klein, Sgt. Alfred Moss, Joe Nordquist, Lionel Strongfort (Strongfortism), Gustav Fristensky (the Polish champion) and Alan C. Mead, who became an impressive muscle champion despite the fact he lost both legs in World War I.
The "Golden Age" The period of around 1940 to 1970 is often referred to as the "Golden Age" of bodybuilding due to changes in the aesthetic for more mass, as well as muscular symmetry and definition, which characterized the "early years". This was due in large part to the advent of World War II, which inspired many young men to be bigger, stronger and more aggressive in their attitudes. This was accomplished by improved training techniques, better nutrition and more effective equipment. Several important publications came into being, as well, and new contests emerged as the popularity in the sport grew. 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ...
1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ...
This period of bodybuilding was typified at Muscle Beach in Santa Monica, California, US. Famous names in bodybuilding from this period were Steve Reeves (notable in his day for portraying Hercules and other sword-and-sandals heroes), Reg Park, John Grimek, Larry Scott, and Bill Pearl. Muscle Beach, Venice Muscle Beach, in the United States is an area in Venice, California on Ocean Front Walk two blocks north of Venice Boulevard, that is set up by the city as an outdoors weightlifting gym. ...
Santa Monica Pier Santa Monica is a coastal city in western Los Angeles County, California, USA, by the Pacific Ocean, south of Pacific Palisades and Brentwood, and north of Venice. ...
Motto: E pluribus unum (1789 to present) (Latin: Out of Many, One) In God We Trust (1956 to present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York, New York Official language(s) None at federal level; English de facto Government • President • Vice President Federal republic...
Steve Reeves (Stephen L. Reeves) (January 21, 1926 - May 5, 2000), was a bodybuilder, actor, and author. ...
A British bodybuilder from the 1950s. ...
Larry Scott, nicknamed the Legend, born on October 12, 1938 in Blackfoot, Idaho is an American bodybuilder and the first bodybuilder to ever have held the IFBB Mr. ...
Bill Pearl (b. ...
Due to the rise in popularity, the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) added a bodybuilding competition to their existing weightlifting contest in 1939 - the next year this competition was named AAU Mr. America. Around the mid-1940s most bodybuilders became annoyed with the AAU since they only allowed amateur competitors and they place more focus on the Olympic sport of weightlifting. This caused brothers Ben and Joe Weider to form the International Federation of BodyBuilders (IFBB) - which organised their competing IFBB Mr. America which was open to professional athletes. - The Amateur Athletic Union, widely known as the AAU, was formed in United States. ...
1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...
AAU Mr. ...
// Events and trends World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrination, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons such as the atomic bomb. ...
Ben Weider (born February 1, Canadian businessman from sports and Napoleonic history. ...
Your Physique magazine Joe Weider (born November 29, 1922 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada) is the co-founder of the International Federation of BodyBuilders (IFBB) and creator of the Mr. ...
The International Federation of BodyBuilders (IFBB) is a bodybuilding organization founded in 1946 by Ben and Joe Weider. ...
IFBB Mr. ...
In 1950, another organisation, the National Amateur Bodybuilders Association (NABBA) started their NABBA Mr. Universe contest in England. Another major contest, Mr. Olympia was first held in 1965 - this is currently the most prestigious title in bodybuilding. 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...
The National Amateur Bodybuilders Association (NABBA) is a organisation founded in 1950 to promote bodybuilding in the United Kingdom. ...
The Universe Championships is an annual bodybuilding event organised by the National Amateur Body Building Association (NABBA). ...
Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location (dark green) within the British Isles Languages English (de facto) Capital London de facto Largest city London Area – Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population – Total (mid-2004) – Total (2001 Census) – Density Ranked 1st...
Mr. ...
1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ...
Initially contests were for men only, but the NABBA added Miss Universe in 1965 and Miss Olympia was started in 1980. See Female bodybuilding#History for more. 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ...
1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ...
Lenda Murray, 8 times Ms. ...
1970s onwards In the 1970s, bodybuilding had major publicity thanks to Arnold Schwarzenegger and the 1977 film Pumping Iron. By this time the IFBB dominated the sport and the AAU took a back seat. The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ...
Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian-American bodybuilder, Golden Globe award winning actor, and Republican politician, currently serving as the 38th Governor of California. ...
For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ...
Pumping Iron (1977) is a documentary film, about the run-up to the 1975 Mr. ...
This period also saw the rise of anabolic steroids both in bodybuilding and many other sports. To combat this, and to be allowed to be an IOC member, the IFBB introduced strict doping tests for both steroids and other banned substances. Anabolic steroids are a class of natural and synthetic steroid hormones that promote cell growth and division, resulting in growth of several types of tissues, especially muscle and bone. ...
Alternative meanings at IOC (disambiguation) The International Olympic Committee is an organization based in Lausanne, Switzerland, created by Pierre de Coubertin in 1894 to reinstate the Ancient Olympic Games held in Greece, and organize this sports event every four years. ...
In the early 2000's, the IFBB was attempting to make bodybuilding an Olympic sport. It obtained full IOC membership in 2000 and was attempting to get approved as a demonstration event at the Olympics which would hopefully lead to it being added as a full contest. This did not happen. Olympic recognition for bodybuilding remains controversial since some argue that bodybuilding is not a sport because the actual contest does not involve athletic effort. Also, some still have the misperception that bodybuilding necessarily involves the use of anabolic steroids, which are prohibited in Olympic competitions. Proponents argue that the posing routine requires skill and preparation, and bodybuilding should therefore be considered a sport. For months before the Olympic Games, runners relay the Olympic Flame from Olympia to the opening ceremony. ...
This article is about the year 2000. ...
In 2003, Joe Weider sold Weider Publications to AMI, who owns the National Enquirer. Ben Weider is still the president of the IFBB. In 2004, contest promoter Wayne DeMilia broke ranks with the IFBB. AMI took over the promotion of the Mr. Olympia contest.
As of 2006, there has been more interest in the field of natural bodybuilding. In natural contests bodybuilders are routinely tested for illegal substances and are banned for any violations from future contests. What qualifies as an "illegal" substance varies between natural federations, and does not necessarily include only substances that are lawfully illegal.
Female Bodybuilding - Main article: Female bodybuilding
In the 1970s women began to take part in bodybuilding competitions. Extremely popular at first, the interest in the competitive side of female bodybuilding has waned sharply in recent years even though more women than ever are training with weights. Lenda Murray, 8 times Ms. ...
The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ...
Sport For biographies of professional bodybuilders see list of professional bodybuilders and Category:Bodybuilders This is a list of professional bodybuilders. ...
In competitive bodybuilding, bodybuilders aspire to develop and maintain an aesthetically pleasing (by bodybuilding standards) body and balanced physique. The competitors show off their bodies by performing a number of poses - bodybuilders spend time practicing their posing routine as this has a large effect on how they are judged. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
A bodybuilder's size and shape are far more important than how much he or she can lift. The sport should therefore not be confused with strongman competition or powerlifting, where the main point is on actual physical strength, or with Olympic weightlifting, where the main point is equally split between strength and technique. Though superficially similar to the casual observer, the fields entail a different regimen of training, diet, and basic motivation. In the 19th century, the term strongman refers to an exhibitor of strength (before strength sports were codified into weightlifting, powerlifting etc. ...
The bench press is one of the three events of powerlifting. ...
Look up strength in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Weightlifting is a sport where competitors attempt to lift heavy weights mounted on steel bars, the execution of which is a combination of power and technique. ...
In nutrition, the diet is the sum of the food consumed by an organism. ...
This article or section contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ...
The main organization that promotes, funds, and judges bodybuilding competition is the International Federation of BodyBuilders. They organise bodybuilding's most prestigious competition - Mr. Olympia. The International Federation of BodyBuilders (IFBB) is a bodybuilding organization founded in 1946 by Ben and Joe Weider. ...
Mr. ...
Contest preparation The general strategy adopted by most present-day competitive bodybuilders is to make muscle gains for most of the year (known as the "off-season") and approximately 3-4 months from competition attempt to lose body fat (referred to as "cutting"). In doing this some muscle will be lost but the aim is to keep this to a minimum. There are many approaches used but most involve reducing calorie intake and increasing cardio, while monitoring body fat percentage. In biochemistry, fat is a generic term for a class of lipids. ...
Body fat percentage is the fraction of the total body mass that is adiposity. ...
In the week leading up to a contest, bodybuilders will begin increasing their water intake so as to upregulate the systems in the body associated with water flushing. They will also increase their sodium intake. At the same time they will decrease their carbohydrate consumption in attempt to "carb deplete". The goal during this week is to deplete the muscles of glycogen. Two days before the show, sodium intake is reduced by half, and then eliminated completely. The day before the show, water is removed from the diet, and diuretics may be introduced. At the same time carbohydrates are re-introduced into the diet to fill out the muscles. This is typically known as "carb-loading." The end result is an ultra-lean bodybuilder with full hard muscles and a dry, vascular appearance. A girl in a swimming pool full of water Water (from the Old English waeter; c. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number sodium, Na, 11 Chemical series alkali metals Group, Period, Block 1, 3, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 22. ...
Electron micrograph of a section of a liver cell showing glycogen deposits as accumulations of electron dense particles (arrows). ...
A diuretic is any drug that tends to increase the flow of urine from the body (diuresis). ...
Right before performing on stage bodybuilders will apply various products to their skin to improve their muscle defintion - these include fake tan commonly called "pro tan" (to make the skin darker) and various oils (to make the skin shiny). They will also use weights to "pump up" by forcing blood to their muscles to improve size and vascularity. Sunless tanning (also known as indoor tanning) refers to applying chemicals on the skin to produce an effect similar in appearance to a traditional suntan. ...
Vegetable oil or vegoil is fat extracted from plant sources, known as oil plants. ...
Strategy In order to achieve muscle growth (hypertrophy), bodybuilders focus in three main lines of action: Hypertrophy is the increase of the size of an organ. ...
A complete weight training workout can be performed with a pair of adjustable dumbbells and a set of weight disks (plates). ...
‹ The template below has been proposed for deletion. ...
A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ...
Resistance weight training Resistance weight training causes microtears to the muscles being trained; this is generally known as microtrauma. These microtears in the muscle contribute to the soreness felt after exercise, called Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). It is the repair to these microtrauma that result in muscle growth. Normally, this soreness becomes most apparent a day or two after a workout. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (480x655, 45 KB)Bodybuilder Markus Rühl performing in Biberach an der Riß. My own photo Dierk 19:45, 26 Apr 2004 (UTC) GNU-FDL the photo first appeared on Weberberg. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (480x655, 45 KB)Bodybuilder Markus Rühl performing in Biberach an der Riß. My own photo Dierk 19:45, 26 Apr 2004 (UTC) GNU-FDL the photo first appeared on Weberberg. ...
Markus Rühl posing Markus Rühl (born 22 February 1972 in Darmstadt, Germany) is a German bodybuilder. ...
Part of Weberberg Biberach is a city in the south of Germany, capital of the district Biberach in Baden-Württemberg. ...
gay ...
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) is the pain or discomfort often felt 24 to 76 hours after exercising and subsides generally within 2 to 3 days. ...
Nutrition The high levels of muscle growth and repair achieved by bodybuilders require a specialised diet. Generally speaking, bodybuilders require between 500 to 1000 Calories (2000 to 4000 kilojoules) above their maintenance level of food energy while attempting to increase lean body mass. A sub-maintenance level of food energy is combined with cardiovascular exercise to lose body fat in preparation for a contest. The ratios of food energy from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats vary depending on the goals of the bodybuilder. A calorie is a unit of measurement for energy. ...
The joule (symbol: J) is the SI unit of energy, or work with base units of kg·m2·s-2. ...
Food energy is the amount of energy in food that is available through digestion. ...
Bodybuilders usually split their food intake for the day into 5 to 7 meals of roughly equal nutritional content and attempt to eat at regular intervals (normally between 2 and 3 hours). This is thought to allow greater absorption of nutrients and increase basal metabolic rate. The process is also used by people trying to lose weight. Basal metabolic rate (BMR), is the rate of metabolism that occurs when an individual is at rest in a warm environment and is in the post absorptive state, and has not eaten for at least 12 hours. ...
Carbohydrates Having a large proportion of the diet come from carbohydrates gives the body enough energy to deal with the rigours of training and recovery. Bodybuilders require polysaccharides, which release energy more slowly than simple sugars. This is important as simple sugars cause an insulin response, which places the body in a state where it is likely to store additional food energy as fat rather than muscle, and which can waste energy that should be going towards muscle growth. However bodybuilders do ingest some simple sugars (often in form of pure glucose or maltodextrin) post-workout to replenish glycogen stores within the muscle. Carbohydrates are chemical compounds that contain oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon atoms. ...
Polysaccharides (sometimes called glycans) are relatively complex carbohydrates. ...
The structure of insulin. ...
Glucose (Glc), a monosaccharide, is one of the most important carbohydrates. ...
Maltodextrin is a moderately sweet polysaccharide used as a food additive, unrelated to barley malt. ...
Electron micrograph of a section of a liver cell showing glycogen deposits as accumulations of electron dense particles (arrows). ...
Protein It is recommended that bodybuilders receive 1 to 2 grams of protein per pound of lean body weight (2 to 5 g/kg) to help the body recover and build. It is a widely debated topic, with many arguing that 1 gram of protein per pound of body weight is ideal, and others recommending 1.5 or 2. There is much debate concerning the best type of protein to take. Meat, fish, eggs and dairy foods are high in protein. Casein or whey are often used to supplement the diet with additional protein. It is believed that protein needs to be consumed frequently throughout the day; however, the most imporant times for bodybuilders to consume protein are within 45 minutes of a workout and before going to sleep. Whey protein is the name for a collection of globular proteins that can be isolated from whey, a by-product of cheese manufactured from cows milk. ...
Dietary supplements Sales and advertising data suggest that bodybuilders are regular consumers of a wide variety of vitamins and dietary supplements [1]. Commonly used products include essential fatty acids, amino acid formulations, selenium, glucosamine, MSM (methylsulfonylmethane), chondroitin, and inositol. Vitamins are organic chemicals that a given living organism requires in trace quantities for good health, but which the organism cannot synthesize, and therefore must obtain from its diet. ...
In the United States, a dietary supplement is defined under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 as a product taken by the mouth that contains a dietary ingredient that is intended as a supplement to the diet. ...
Essential fatty acids are fatty acids that are required in the human diet. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number selenium, Se, 34 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 16, 4, p Appearance gray, metallic luster Atomic mass 78. ...
Chemical structure of α-D-glucosamine Glucosamine (C6H14NO5) is an amino sugar that is a biochemical precursor in the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans. ...
Flash point 143 °C R/S statement R: S: 24/25 RTECS number PB2785000 Related compounds Related sulfones ? Related compounds DMSO dimethyl sulfide Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM, or dimethylsulfone) is...
Chondroitin is an ingredient found commonly in dietary supplements. ...
Inositol, or cis-1,2,3,5-trans-4,6-cyclohexanehexol, is a cyclic polyalcohol that plays an important role as a second messenger in a cell, in the form of inositol phosphates. ...
Anabolic supplements - Main article: Bodybuilding supplements
Supplements can help muscle gain, although some are unproven and many are ineffective. One supplement which has been proven to help bodybuilders gain and maintain size (without unhealthy short term side effects) is creatine. Like all supplements, these only help if used in conjunction with a solid nutritional base and weight training program. Bodybuilding supplements are substances taken by bodybuilders—people attempting to add muscle mass. ...
Creatine is a nitrogenous organic acid that naturally occurs in vertebrates and helps to supply energy to muscle cells. ...
A complete weight training workout can be performed with a pair of adjustable dumbbells and a set of weight disks (plates). ...
Some bodybuilders may use drugs to gain an advantage over results due to natural hypertrophy, especially in professional competitions. Although many of these substances are illegal in many countries, in professional bodybuilding the use of anabolic steroids and precursor substances such as prohormones are used in high level competitions. Most steroids allow the human body to be in a more anabolic state. Some negative side-effects accompany steroid abuse, such as liver damage and a decline in the body's own testosterone production, which can cause testicular atrophy and possible infertility. Growth Hormone (GH) and insulin are also used by some of the larger bodybuilders. GH is incredibly expensive compared to steroids while insulin is very readily available yet fatal if misused. See Growth hormone treatment for bodybuilding. Hypertrophy is the increase of the size of an organ. ...
Anabolic steroids are a class of natural and synthetic steroid hormones that promote cell growth and division, resulting in growth of several types of tissues, especially muscle and bone. ...
A prohormone is a chemical compound that is a precursor to an actual hormone (usually an anabolic like testosterone or some variant), which is taken in order to boost the body’s available hormone supply. ...
Anabolic is an adjective referring to processes of metabolism that result in growth of cells or organisms. ...
The liver is one of the largest internal organs of the human body. ...
Human male anatomy The testicles, known medically as testes (singular testis), are the male generative glands in animals. ...
Atrophy is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body. ...
Infertility is the inability to naturally conceive a child or the inability to carry a pregnancy to term. ...
Growth hormone Growth hormone is a polypeptide hormone synthesised and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland which stimulates growth and cell reproduction in humans and other vertebrate animals. ...
The structure of insulin. ...
Growth hormone has attracted increasing interest and use by amatuer and professional bodybuilders, as well as professional athletes to increase performance and muscle growth. ...
Overtraining - Main article: Overtraining
Overtraining is generally regarded as one of the biggest and most common problems bodybuilders face. It refers to when a bodybuilder has trained to the point where his workload exceeds his recovery capacity. There are many reasons that overtraining occurs, including lack of adequate nutrition, lack of recovery time between workouts, insufficient sleep, and training at a high intensity for too long (a lack of periodization). Training at a high intensity too frequently also stimulates the central nervous system (CNS) too frequently, and can result in a hyper-adrenergic state that interferes with sleep patterns. To avoid overtraining, intense frequent training must be met with at least an equal amount of purposeful recovery. Timely provision of carbohydrates, proteins, and various micronutrients such as vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, even nutritional supplements are acutely critical. Overtraining is a common problem in weight training, but it can also be experienced by runners and other athletes. ...
A diagram showing the CNS: 1. ...
Carbohydrates (literally hydrates of carbon) are chemical compounds that act as the primary biological means of storing or consuming energy, other forms being fat and protein. ...
A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ...
Vitamins are organic chemicals that a given living organism requires in trace quantities for good health, but which the organism cannot synthesize, and therefore must obtain from its diet. ...
Minerals are natural compounds formed through geological processes. ...
It has been argued that overtraining can be beneficial. One article published by Muscle and Fitness Magazine stated that you can "Overtrain for Big Gains". It suggested that if one is planning a restful holiday and they do not wish to inhibit their bodybuilding lifestyle too much, they should overtrain before taking the holiday, so the body can rest easily and recuperate and grow. Muscle and Fitness is an American bodybuilding magazine. ...
More commonly however, overtraining can be used advantageously, as when a bodybuilder is purposely overtrained for a brief period of time to super compensate during a regeneration phase. These are known as "shock microcycles" and were a key training technique used by Soviet athletes. The vast amount of overtraining that occurs in average bodybuilders however, is generally unplanned and completely unnecessary.
Rest Although muscle stimulation occurs in the gym lifting weights, muscle growth occurs afterward during rest. Without adequate rest and sleep, muscles do not have an opportunity to recover and build. About eight hours of sleep a night is desirable for the bodybuilder to be refreshed, although this varies from person to person. Additionally, many athletes find a daytime nap further increases their body's ability to build muscle. In an ideal situation, sleep should be undisturbed and experienced in the same room every night Sleep is the regular state of natural rest observed in all mammals, birds and fish. ...
See also For a list of words used in bodybuilding, see the Bodybuilding category of words in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Wiktionary logo Wiktionary is a Wikimedia Foundation project intended to be a free wiki dictionary (including thesaurus and lexicon) in almost every language. ...
Image File history File links Wikibooks-logo-en. ...
Wikibooks logo Wikibooks, previously called Wikimedia Free Textbook Project and Wikimedia-Textbooks, is a sister project to Wikipedia and is part of the Wikimedia Foundation, begun on July 10, 2003. ...
Health and fitness magazines giving men, women, and children the most credible, useful, and up-to-date information and inspiration on how to live a healthier, happier life. ...
This is a list of professional bodybuilders. ...
Physical Culture Physical Culture, (or Physie - pronounced fizzy) is a sport for girls and women from 4 years up which aims to build confidence, good posture, strength, grace, and flexibility through exercise. ...
Body image is a persons perception of his or her physical appearance. ...
Amazon feminism is dedicated to the image of the female hero in fiction and in fact, as it is expressed in art and literature in the physiques and feats of female athletes, martial artists, and other powerfully built women, and in gender-related and sexual orientations. ...
In bodybuilding, striations are the tiny grooves of muscle across major muscle groups characteristic of a well-developed body. ...
Muscle dysmorphia is a disorder in which an individual becomes obsessed that they are not muscular enough. ...
References - ↑ Philen RM, Ortiz DI, Auerbach SB, Falk H (1992). "Survey of advertising for nutritional supplements in health and bodybuilding magazines". JAMA 268 (8): 1008-11. PMID 1501305.
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