NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Body of radius

The body of the radius (or shaft of radius) is prismoid in form, narrower above than below, and slightly curved, so as to be convex lateralward. It presents three borders and three surfaces. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (717x1254, 103 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The ulna (Elbow Bone) [Figs. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ... Elseviers logo. ... The radius and ulna of the left forearm, posterior surface. ...

Borders

The volar border (margo volaris; anterior border) extends from the lower part of the tuberosity above to the anterior part of the base of the styloid process below, and separates the volar from the lateral surface. Its upper third is prominent, and from its oblique direction has received the name of the oblique line of the radius; it gives origin to the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (also flexor digitorum sublimis) and flexor pollicis longus muscle; the surface above the line gives insertion to part of the supinator muscle. The middle third of the volar border is indistinct and rounded. The lower fourth is prominent, and gives insertion to the pronator quadratus muscle, and attachment to the dorsal carpal ligament; it ends in a small tubercle, into which the tendon of the brachioradialis muscle is inserted. Flexor digitorum superficialis is an extrinsic flexor muscle of the fingers. ... The Flexor pollicis longus muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The Supinator muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... Pronator quadratus is a square shaped muscle on the distal forearm that acts to pronate (turn so the palm faces downwards) the hand. ... Brachioradialis is a muscle located in the forearm, that acts to flex the elbow. ...

The dorsal border (margo dorsalis; posterior border) begins above at the back of the neck, and ends below at the posterior part of the base of the styloid process; it separates the posterior from the lateral surface. is indistinct above and below, but well-marked in the middle third of the bone.

The interosseous crest (crista interossea; internal or interosseous border) begins above, at the back part of the tuberosity, and its upper part is rounded and indistinct; it becomes sharp and prominent as it descends, and at its lower part divides into two ridges which are continued to the anterior and posterior margins of the ulnar notch. To the posterior of the two ridges the lower part of the interosseous membrane is attached, while the triangular surface between the ridges gives insertion to part of the pronator quadratus muscle. This crest separates the volar from the dorsal surface, and gives attachment to the interosseous membrane. The connection between the two bones is actually a joint referred to as a syndesmoses joint. The Interosseous membrane is a broad and thin plane of fibrous tissue that separates many of the bones of the body. ... Pronator quadratus is a square shaped muscle on the distal forearm that acts to pronate (turn so the palm faces downwards) the hand. ... Syndesmoses are joints at which two bones are bound together by a ligament only. ...

Surface

The volar surface (facies volaris; anterior surface) is concave in its upper three-fourths, and gives origin to the flexor pollicis longus muscle; it is broad and flat in its lower fourth, and affords insertion to the Pronator quadratus. A prominent ridge limits the insertion of the Pronator quadratus below, and between this and the inferior border is a triangular rough surface for the attachment of the volar radiocarpal ligament. At the junction of the upper and middle thirds of the volar surface is the nutrient foramen, which is directed obliquely upward. The Flexor pollicis longus muscle is a muscle of the human body. ...

The dorsal surface (facies dorsalis; posterior surface) is convex, and smooth in the upper third of its extent, and covered by the Supinator. Its middle third is broad, slightly concave, and gives origin to the Abductor pollicis longus above, and the extensor pollicis brevis muscle below. Its lower third is broad, convex, and covered by the tendons of the muscles which subsequently run in the grooves on the lower end of the bone. The Extensor pollicis brevis muscle is a muscle of the human body. ...

The lateral surface (facies lateralis; external surface) is convex throughout its entire extent. Its upper third gives insertion to the supinator muscle. About its center is a rough ridge, for the insertion of the pronator teres muscle. Its lower part is narrow, and covered by the tendons of the abductor pollicis longus muscle and extensor pollicis brevis muscle. The Pronator teres muscle is a muscle of the human body, in the forearm. ... The Abductor pollicis longus muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The Extensor pollicis brevis muscle is a muscle of the human body. ...

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant. The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... An illustration from the 1918 edition Henry Grays Anatomy of the Human Body, commonly known as Grays Anatomy after Henry Gray, is an anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on human anatomy. ...

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Bones of upper limbs

pectoral girdle, clavicle: conoid tubercle - trapezoid line - costal tuberosity - subclavian groove Grays Anatomy illustration of a human femur. ... In humans, the upper limb is an anatomical term for the limb that is attached to the pectoral girdle. ... The pectoral girdle is the set of bones which connect the upper limb to the axial skeleton on each side. ... Collarbone and collar bone redirect here. ...

scapula: spine of scapula - suprascapular notch - acromion - glenoid cavity - glenoidal labrum - coracoid process
fossae (subscapular, supraspinatous, infraspinatous) borders (superior, lateral/axillary, medial/vertebral) angles (superior, inferior, lateral) tubercles (infraglenoid, supraglenoid) Left scapula - front view () Left scapula - rear view () In anatomy, the scapula, or shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). ... The acromion process, or simply the acromion, is an anatomical feature on the scapula. ... Glenoid fossa redirects here, for the other use of Glenoid fossa please see mandibular fossa. ... The glenoidal labrum (glenoid ligament) is a fibrocartilaginous rim attached around the margin of the glenoid cavity. ... In human beings, the coracoid process is a small hook-like structure that comes off the scapula to point forward. ... Left scapula - front view () Left scapula - rear view () In anatomy, the scapula, or shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). ... The supraspinatous fossa (supraspinatus fossa, supraspinous fossa) of the scapula, smaller than the infraspinatous fossa, is concave, smooth, and broader at its vertebral than at its humeral end; its medial two-thirds give origin to the Supraspinatus. ... The infraspinatous fossa (infraspinatus fossa, infraspinous fossa) of the scapula is much larger than the supraspinatous fossa; toward its vertebral margin a shallow concavity is seen at its upper part; its center presents a prominent convexity, while near the axillary border is a deep groove which runs from the upper... The supraglenoid tubercle is a region of the scapula to which the long head of the biceps brachii muscle attaches. ...

humerus: upper extremity - necks (anatomical, surgical) - tubercles (greater, lesser) - intertubercular groove
body - radial sulcus - deltoid tuberosity
lower extremity - capitulum - trochlea - epicondyles (lateral, medial) - supracondylar ridges (lateral, medial) - fossae (radial, coronoid, olecranon) The humerus is a long bone in the arm or fore-legs (animals) that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. ... The anatomical neck of the humerus is obliquely directed, forming an obtuse angle with the body. ... The greater tubercle is situated lateral to the head and lesser tubercle. ... The lesser tubercle, although smaller, is more prominent than the greater tubercle: it is situated in front, and is directed medialward and forward. ... The body or shaft of the humerus is almost cylindrical in the upper half of its extent, prismatic and flattened below, and has three borders and three surfaces. ... The deltoid tuberosity is the region on the shaft of the humerus to which the the deltoid muscle attaches. ... The lateral portion of the articular surface of the humerus consists of a smooth, rounded eminence, named the capitulum of the humerus; it articulates with the cupshaped depression on the head of the radius, and is limited to the front and lower part of the bone. ... The medial portion of the articular surface of the humerus is named the trochlea, and presents a deep depression between two well-marked borders; it is convex from before backward, concave from side to side, and occupies the anterior, lower, and posterior parts of the extremity. ...

ulna: upper extremity (olecranon, coronoid process, tuberosity, radial notch, semilunar notch) - body of ulna - lower extremity (styloid process) The ulna (Elbow Bone) [Figs. ... ... The semilunar notch of the ulna (trochlear notch of ulna, greater sigmoid cavity) is a large depression, formed by the olecranon and the coronoid process, and serving for articulation with the trochlea of the humerus. ...

radius: upper extremity (tuberosity) - body - lower extremity (ulnar notch, styloid process) The radius and ulna of the left forearm, posterior surface. ...

carpus: scaphoid - lunate - triquetral - pisiform - trapezium - trapezoid - capitate - hamate (hamulus) In Greek mythology, Carpus fruit was a son of Chloris and Boreas. ... The scaphoid bone of the wrist is found on the thumb side of the hand, within the anatomical snuffbox. ... The lunate bone (os lunatum; semilunar bone) is a bone in the human hand that may be distinguished by its deep concavity and crescentic outline. ... The triquetral bone (also called triquetral, os triquetrum, cuneiform bone, pyramidal bone, cubital bone, os pyramidale, os triangulare, three-cornered bone, and triangular bone) is a type of carpal bone. ... The left pisiform bone. ... The trapezium is a bone in the human hand. ... In human anatomy, the trapezoid bone (lesser multangular bone; os multangulum minus) is a bone in the hands. ... The capitate bone (os capitatum; os magnum) is a bone in the human hand. ... The hamate bone (os hamatum; unciform bone) is a bone in the human hand that may be readily distinguished by its wedge-shaped form, and the hook-like process which projects from its volar surface. ...

metacarpus: 1st metacarpal - 2nd - 3rd - 4th - 5th The metacarpus is the intermediate part of the hand skeleton that is located between the fingers distally and the carpus which forms the connection to the forearm. ...

phalanges of the hand The Phalanges of the hand are fourteen in number, three for each finger, and two for the thumb. ...