Boetius (or Boethius) of Dacia (sometimes called Boetius of Sweden) was a 13th-century Swedish philosopher. (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Boetius was born in Sweden in the first half of the 13th century. He probably held the position of secular cleric and canon of the diocese of Linköping, and went on to teach philosophy at Paris. There he associated with Siger of Brabant, and with Siger (together with such figures as Roger Bacon and Jean Buridan) shared the unusual career path of continuing to teach for some time as arts masters rather than quickly moving on to study in the theology faculty or finding non-academic employment. He was condemned by Stephen Tempier in 1277 as being a leader of the Averroist movement (see Condemnations (University of Paris)). Boetius fled Paris with Siger, and appealed to Pope Nicholas III. He was detained at the pontifical curia at Orvieto, and went on to join the Dominicans in Dacia. In the Catholic Church, secular clergy are religious ministers, such as deacons and priests, who do not belong to a religious order. ... A canon (from the Latin canonicus and Greek κανωνικωσ relating to a rule) is a priest who is a member of certain bodies of the Christian clergy subject to a rule (canon). ... Linköping in Sweden Aerial photo of Linköping. ... The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... Sigerus of Brabant or Siger of Brabant (1240 - 1284) was one of the major proponents and inventors of averroism, active at the University of Sorbonne in Paris. ... Statue of Roger Bacon in the Oxford University Museum Roger Bacon (c. ... Jean Buridan, in Latin Joannes Buridanus (1300 - 1358) was a French priest who sowed the seeds of religious scepticism in Europe. ... Events The philosophical doctrine Averroism is banned from Paris by bishop Etienne Tempier Burmas Pagan empire begins to disintegrate after being defeated by Kublai Khan at Ngasaungsyan, near the Chinese border. ... Averroism was a philosophical trend among scholastics in the late 1200s based on Averroës interpretations of Aristotle. ... The Condemnations at the medieval University of Paris were enacted with papal authority to restrict certain teachings as being heretical. ... . Nicholas III, né Giovanni Gaetano Orsini (Rome, ca. ... A Curia in early Roman times was a subdivision of the people, i. ... The site of Orvieto is an Etruscan acropolis. ... Dacia, in ancient geography the land of the Daci, named by the ancient Greeks Getae, was a large district of Central Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathians, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisa, on the east by the Tyras or Nistru, now...

Boetius was a follower of Aristotle and Averroes, and wrote on logic, natural philosophy, metaphysics, and ethics, though some of his works have not survived. His central position was that philosophy had to follow the arguments where they led, regardless of their conflict with religious faith. For him, philosophy was the supreme human activity, and in this world only philosophers attained wisdom; in his book On the Highest Good, or On the Life of the Philosopher he offers a fervently Aristotelian description of man's highest good as the rational contemplation of truth and virtue. Among the controversial conclusions that he reached are the impossibility of creation ex nihilo, the eternity of the world and of the human race, and that there could be no resurrection of the dead. Aristotle (Ancient Greek: Aristotelēs 384 BC – March 7, 322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher, student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. ... Averroes Averroes (Ibn Rushd) (1126 – December 10, 1198) was an Andalusian-Arab philosopher and physician, a master of philosophy and Islamic law, mathematics, and medicine. ... Logic, from Classical Greek λόγος (logos), originally meaning the word, or what is spoken, (but coming to mean thought or reason) is most often said to be the study of criteria for the evaluation of arguments, although the exact definition of logic is a matter of controversy among philosophers. ... Natural philosophy is a term applied to the objective study of nature and the physical universe before the development of modern science. ... Metaphysics (Greek words meta = after/beyond and physics = nature) is a branch of philosophy concerned with the study of first principles and being (ontology). ... Ethics (from Greek ἦθος meaning custom) is the branch of axiology, one of the four major branches of philosophy, which attempts to understand the nature of morality; to define that which is right from that which is wrong. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Resurrection. ...

Despite his radical views, Boetius remained a Christian, and attempted to reconcile his religious beliefs with his philosophical position by assigning the investigation of the world and of human nature to philosophy, while to religion he assigned supernatural revelation and divine miracles. He was condemned for holding the doctrine of double truth, though he was careful to avoid calling philosophical conclusions that ran contrary to religion true simpliciter; in each branch of knowledge, one must be careful to qualify one's conclusions. The conclusions that the philosopher reaches are true "according to natural causes and principles" (De Aeternitate Mundi, p. 351). Though philosophers must be free to reach and to discuss such conclusions, faith has a higher source; human reason being fallible, it must give way to faith in matters of genuine conflict. Christianity is a monotheistic religion centered on the life, teachings, and actions of Jesus, the Christ, as recounted in the New Testament. ... For information on the last book of the New Testament see the Book of Revelation. ... According to many religions, a miracle, derived from the old Latin word miraculum meaning something wonderful, is a striking interposition of divine intervention by God in the universe by which the operations of the ordinary course of Nature are overruled, suspended, or modified. ... When someone sincerely agrees with an assertion, they are claiming that it is the truth. ...

Sources

• Boetius of Dacia, "The Sophisma 'Every Man Is of Necessity an Animal'", in Norman Kretzmann & Eleonore Stump [edd & trans.] The Cambridge Translations of Medieval Philosophical texts. Volume One: Logic and the Philosophy of Language (1988, Cambridge University Press; ISBN 0-521-28063-X)
• John Marenbon, Later Medieval Philosophy (1150–1350) (1991, Routledge; ISBN 0-415-06807-X)
• Armand A. Maurer, "Boetius of Dacia", in The Encyclopedia of Philosophy", ed. Paul Edwards (Collier Macmillan, 1967)