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The word "Bohemians" was never used by the local Czech population.
Nowadays "Bohemians" is still used when there is need to distinguish between inhabitants of the western part of the Czech Republic (Bohemia) and the eastern part (Moravia).
It is not clear how the word acquired its secondary meaning (see Bohemianism or Bohemian (disambiguation)), but it is believed that it comes from the French idea that Gypsies originated from Bohemia (while they were travelling from there).
Though a Bohemian is a native of the Czech province of Bohemia, a secondary meaning for bohemian emerged in 19th century France.
Literary bohemians were associated in the French imagination with roving gypsies, outsiders apart from conventional society and untroubled by its disapproval.
Bohemians were often associated with drugs and self-induced poverty.