The term Bohemian describes artists, writers, and disenchanted people of all sorts who wished to live non-traditional lifestyles. It emerged in 19th century France. Look up artist in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The term writer can apply to anyone who creates a written work, but the word more usually designates those who write creatively or professionally, or those who have written in many different forms. ...

Origin of term

The term reflects the French perception, held since the fifteenth century, that the gypsies had come from Bohemia. Even the Spanish gypsy in a French opera Carmen set in Seville is referred to as a bohémienne in Meilhac and Halévy's libretto (1875). Literary bohemians were associated in the French imagination with roving gypsies, outsiders apart from conventional society and untroubled by its disapproval. The term carries a connotation of arcane enlightenment (the opposite of 'Philistines'), and also carries a less frequently intended, pejorative connotation of carelessness about personal hygiene and marital orthodoxy. Bohemians were often associated with drug use and simple living. This article is becoming very long. ... Poster from the 1875 premiere of Carmen Carmen is a French opera by Georges Bizet. ... Seville (Spanish: Sevilla, see also different names) is the artistic, cultural, and financial capital of southern Spain, irrigated by the river Guadalquivir (, ). It is the capital of Andalusia and of the province of Sevilla. ... Philistinism is a derogatory term used to describe a particular attitude or set of values. ... Recreational drug use is the use of psychoactive drugs for recreational purposes rather than for work, medical or spiritual purposes, although the distinction is not always clear. ... Simple living (similar but not identical to voluntary simplicity or voluntary poverty) is a lifestyle individuals may pursue for a variety of motivations, such as spirituality, health, or ecology. ...

Henri Murger's collection of short stories, Scènes de la Vie de Bohème ("Scenes of Bohemian Life"), published in 1845, popularized the term's usage in France. Ideas from Murger's collection formed the theme of Giacomo Puccini's opera La bohème (1896). Henri Murger (March 27, 1822- Paris, January 28, 1861) was a French novelist and poet, born at Paris. ... La Vie de Bohème is an often-adapted story first appearing in Henry Murgers magazine articles in the early 1800s. ... Giacomo Puccini Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini (December 22, 1858 – November 29, 1924) was an Italian composer whose operas, including La bohème, Tosca, Madama Butterfly, and Turandot, are among the most frequently performed in the history of the genre. ... The Teatro alla Scala in Milan is one of the worlds most famous opera houses. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

In English, bohemian in this sense was first popularized in William Makepeace Thackeray's novel, Vanity Fair, published in 1848. William Makepeace Thackeray William Makepeace Thackeray (18 July 1811 – 24 December 1863) was an English novelist of the 19th century. ... Vanity Fair: A Novel without a Hero is a novel by William Makepeace Thackeray that satirizes society in early 19th-century England. ... 1848 is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Pierre-Auguste Renoir, The Bohemian (or Lise the bohemian), 1868, oil on canvas, Berlin, Germany: Nationalgalerie

Download high resolution version (519x746, 37 KB)Pierre-Auguste Renoir, The Bohemian (or Lise the bohemian), 1868, oil on canvas, Berlin, Germany: Nationalgalerie. ... Download high resolution version (519x746, 37 KB)Pierre-Auguste Renoir, The Bohemian (or Lise the bohemian), 1868, oil on canvas, Berlin, Germany: Nationalgalerie. ... Pierre-Auguste Renoir Pierre-Auguste Renoir (February 25, 1841–December 3, 1919) was a French artist who painted in the impressionist style. ...

People

The term has become associated with various artistic or academic communities and is used as a generalized adjective describing such people, environs, or situations: bohemian' (boho - informal) is defined in The American College Dictionary as "a person with artistic or intellectual tendencies, who lives and acts with no regard for conventional rules of behavior."

Many prominent European and American literary figures of the last 150 years belonged to the bohemian counterculture, and any comprehensive 'list of bohemians' would be tediously long. Bohemianism has been approved of by some bourgeois writers such as Honoré de Balzac, but most conservative cultural critics do not condone bohemian lifestyles. Ironically enough, bohemianism by definition can only exist within a framework of conservative values. In sociology, counterculture is a term used to describe a cultural group whose values and norms run counter to those of the social mainstream of the day, the cultural equivalent of political opposition or swimming against the tide. ... bourgeoisie is basically a trem that meens middle class. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Bohemian communities past and present

By extension, Bohemia meant any place where one could live and work cheaply, and behave unconventionally; a community of free souls beyond the pale of respectable society. Several cities and neighbourhoods came to be associated with bohemianism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: Montmartre and Montparnasse in Paris; Greenwich Village and the Lower East Side in New York City; Provincetown, Massachusetts; Carmel-by-the-Sea, California; Venice Beach, California, North Beach, Haight-Ashbury, and the Mission District in San Francisco; the French Quarter in New Orleans; Chelsea, Bedford Park, Fitzrovia and Soho in London; Schwabing in Munich; Ipanema and Leblon in Rio de Janeiro; Skadarlija in Belgrade. Montmartre seen from the centre Georges Pompidou (1897), a painting by Camille Pissarro of the boulevard that led to Montmartre as seen from his hotel room. ... The Montparnasse Tower, which at 209m was the tallest building in Western Europe when it was built. ... Part of the Paris skyline with from left to right: Montparnasse Tower, Eiffel Tower, and in the background, towers of neighboring La Défense. ... The Washington Square Arch Greenwich Village (pronounced Grennich Village; also called simply the Village) is a largely residential area on the west side of downtown (southern) Manhattan in New York City. ... Mural on Orchard Street and Houston Street by artist Marco The Lower East Side is a neighborhood of the New York City borough of Manhattan. ... Nickname: Big Apple Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area    - City 1,214. ... Nickname: P-town Settled: 1700 â€“ Incorporated: 1727 Zip Code(s): 02657 â€“ Area Code(s): 508 / 774 Official website: http://www. ... View towards the city beach, Carmel; an old Monterey Cypress in the foreground Carmel-by-the-Sea is a small town endowed with a rich artistic history (Spangenberg,1976) situated on the Monterey Peninsula in Monterey County, California. ... ... It has been suggested that Califas be merged into this article or section. ... Filbert Street with St. ... The corner of Haight and Ashbury in 2005 The Haight-Ashbury is a district of San Francisco, California, USA named after the intersection of Haight Street and Ashbury Street, commonly known as The Haight or, in recent years, The Upper Haight. ... Mission Theatre on Mission Street The Inner Mission, often called The Mission or The Heart of the Mission (La Misión or El Corazón de la Misión in Spanish) is a neighborhood in the Mission District of San Francisco. ... Nickname: The City by the Bay; Fog City Location of the City and County of San Francisco, California Coordinates: City-County San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom Area    - City 600. ... French Quarter: upper Chartres street looking down towards Jackson Square and the spires of St. ... Nickname: The Crescent City, The Big Easy, The City That Care Forgot Location in the State of Louisiana and the United States Coordinates: Country United States State Louisiana Parish Orleans Founded 1718 Mayor Ray Nagin (D) Area    - City 350. ... Statue of Thomas More on Cheyne Walk. ... Bedford Park is the name of several places around the world: In Australia: Bedford Park, South Australia, a suburb of Adelaide In Canada: Bedford Park, a neighborhood of Toronto In the United Kingdom Bedford Park, a district of London In the United States of America: Bedford Park, a neighborhood of... Fitzrovia is a small district in central London. ... Soho is an area of central Londons West End in the borough the City of Westminster. ... London (pronounced ) is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. ... Schwabing is a neighborhood in the northern part of Munich, the capital of the German state of Bavaria. ... Munich: Frauenkirche and Town Hall steeple Munich (German: München, (pronounced listen) is the capital of the German Federal State of Bavaria (German: Freistaat Bayern). ... The current version of the article or section reads like an advertisement. ... Leblon (whose name comes from the name of a French settler) is an affluent neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro, just west of Ipanema, another neighborhood in that city. ... Location of Rio de Janeiro Coordinates: Country Brazil Region Southeast State Rio de Janeiro Mayor Cesar Maia (PFL) Area    - City 1,260 km² Population    - City (2005) 5,613,000 [1]  - Density 4. ... Belgrade has its own counterpart of the Paris Montmartre: Skadarlija, a bohemian quarter in downtown Belgrade (in Skadarska street). ... Belgrade (Serbian: Београд or Beograd ) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Serbia. ...

Current bohemias include Szentendre and Budapest in Hungary, Barranco in Lima, Peru; Dali in China; Chiang Rai in Thailand; Kathmandu in Nepal; Amsterdam in the Netherlands; Prague in the Czech Republic; Užupis in Vilnius, Lithuania, and Vama Veche in Romania. In Australia, there is North Adelaide (in Adelaide, South Australia), Newtown in Sydney and Fitzroy in Melbourne, Queen Street West, The Junction and Kensington Market in Toronto and Mile End in Montreal. In Mexico, there is Coyoacan, Roma and Condesa, and in Argentina, there is Palermo-Hollywood. In the UK there is Deptford and New Cross, South East London. Szentendre (in Serbian: Sentandreja/Сентандреја) is a town in Pest county, Hungary, near the capital city of Budapest. ... Nickname: Paris of the East, Pearl of the Danubeor Queen of the Danube Location of Budapest in Hungary Country Hungary County Pest Mayor Gábor Demszky (SZDSZ) Area    - City 525,16 km²  - Land n/a km²  - Water n/a km² Population    - City (2006) 1,695,000  - Density 3570/km... Barranco is a district in Lima, Peru. ... Lima is the capital and largest city in Peru, as well as the capital of Lima Province. ... Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture Old City gate Night View of Dali Ancient Walled Downtown The Three Pagodas of Chong Sheng Temple Dali (Chinese: 大理; Pinyin: ; Bai: Darl•lit) is a city in Yunnan province in the south of the Peoples Republic of China, located on a fertile plateau between the... Nakhon Chiang Rai, showing the ancient city walls and more recent gates : Pratu Nang Ing (ประตูนางอิง) Pratu Chiang Mai (ประตูเชียงใหม่) Pratu Wai (ประตูหวาย) Pratu Pa Daeng (ประตูป่าแดัง) Pratu Pi (ประตูผี) Pratu Kha Tam (ประตูขะต๊ำ) Pratu Tha Nak (ประตูท่านาค) Pratu Tha Sai (ประตูท่าทราย) Pratu Tho (ประตูท่อ) Pratu Yang Soeng (ประตูยางเสิ้ง) Pratu Jao Chai (ประตูเจ้าชาย) Pratu Sri (ประตูสรี) Nakhon Chiang Rai (Thai เชียงราย) is a... Kathmandu (Nepali: काठमाडौं, Nepal Bhasa:यें) is the capital city of Nepal and it is also the largest city in Nepal. ... Amsterdam Location Flag Country Netherlands Province North Holland Population 743,905 (1 April 2006) Demonym Amsterdammer Coordinates Website www. ... Prague (Czech: Praha (IPA: ), see also other names) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. ... Užupis is a district of Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania located just east of the Old Town. ... Location Ethnographic region AukÅ¡taitija County Vilnius County Municipality Vilnius city municipality Elderate Number of elderates 20 Coordinates General information Capital of Lithuania Vilnius County Vilnius city municipality Vilnius district municipality Population (rank) 540,318 in 2005 (1st) First mentioned 1323 Granted city rights 1387 Vilnius ( (help· info), see also... Vama Veche is a commune in Romania on the Black Sea coast, near the border with Bulgaria. ... North Adelaide is the predominately residential suburb north of the River Torrens but within the Adelaide Parklands. ... Adelaide is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of South Australia, and is the fifth largest city in Australia, with a population of over 1. ... Emblems: Hairy Nosed Wombat (faunal); Leafy Seadragon (marine); Piping Shrike (bird: unofficial); Sturts Desert Pea (floral); Opal (gemstone) Motto: United for the Common Wealth Slogan or Nickname: Festival State Other Australian states and territories Capital Adelaide Government Const. ... King Street at night: Newtowns vibrant high street. ... This article is about the metropolitan area in Australia. ... Fitzroy is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ... Melbournes Yarra River is popular area for walking, jogging, cycling and relaxing on the banks with a picnic Melbourne (pronounced either or [1]) is the second most populous city in Australia with a metropolitan area population of approximately 3. ... Queen Street West refers to both a major east-west downtown street and a series of neighbourhoods or commercial districts within the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ... The Junction, or West Toronto, is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that derives its name from a junction of four railway lines in the area known as the West Toronto Diamond. ... Kensington market in downtown Toronto Kensington Market is one of the most famous neighbourhoods in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ... The tiny Mile End district in Montreal, officially part of the Plateau borough but generally considered distinct, is home to many Montreal artists and filmmakers. ... Motto: Concordia Salus Coordinates: Country Canada Province Quebec Founded 1642 Established 1832 City Mayor Gérald Tremblay Area    - City 366. ...

In the United States, the bohemian impulse is best understood in terms of 1960s hippie movement counterculture (which was in turn informed by the Beat generation with authors such as Jack Kerouac) Major U.S. cities often have bohemian areas such as Williamsburg, Brooklyn in New York City and Dupont Circle in Washington, D.C. Some entire U.S. cities, often those associated with universities and elite liberal arts colleges, may have a Bohemian reputation or image; examples include Eugene, Oregon, Santa Cruz, California, Boulder, Colorado, Madison, Wisconsin, Ann Arbor, Michigan, New Paltz, NY, Athens, OH and Burlington, Vermont. In sociology, counterculture is a term used to describe a cultural group whose values and norms run counter to those of the social mainstream of the day, the cultural equivalent of political opposition or swimming against the tide. ... The term Beat Generation refers primarily to a group of American writers of the 1950s. ... Williamsburg is a neighborhood in northern Brooklyn, New York City. ... Nickname: Big Apple Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area    - City 1,214. ... Aerial photograph of Dupont Circle. ... Nickname: DC, The District Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location of Washington, D.C. in relation to the states Maryland and Virginia. ... Nickname: The Emerald City Motto: Location Coordinates , Government Country  State   County United States  Oregon   Lane Founded Incorporated 1846 1862 Mayor Kitty Piercy Geographical characteristics Area     City 105. ... Santa Cruz is the county seat of Santa Cruz County, California, United States. ... Boulder (, Mountain Time Zone) is a city in Boulder County, Colorado, United States. ... Nickname: Mad Town or Mad City Location of Madison in Dane County, Wisconsin Municipality City Incorporated 1848 Mayor Dave Cieslewicz Area    - City km²  (84. ... For the railroad company, see Ann Arbor Railroad. ... Athens is a small city and the county seat of Athens County in southeastern USA, on the Hocking River. ... Burlington is the largest city in the U.S. state of Vermont and is the Shire town of Chittenden County, Vermont. ...

One of the ironies of these neo-bohemian communities in the United States is their tendency towards rapid gentrification and the commercialization and decay of the bohemian culture that provided the initial attractive character of the community. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

The Rainbow Family of Living Light and associated Rainbow Gatherings are unquestionably an expression of the bohemian impulse. A Rainbow brother waiting in line to fill his water containers at the 2002 Family Gathering in Michigan The Rainbow Family of Living Light is an international loose affiliation of individuals who have a common goal of trying to achieve peace and love on Earth. ... Wecome home is a common greeting at the Rainbow Gathering. ...

Notes

1. ^ Noted at Online Etymology Dictionary.

In popular culture

• Jonathan Larson's Broadway musical and film Rent, based on Puccini's La bohème, depicts the Bohemian culture of New York City in the 1990s. One of the feature numbers, La Vie Boheme, addresses the death of bohemia as an end of the neighborhood as a haven for these bohemians, while celebrating the ideals and history that formed this counterculture.
• The movie Moulin Rouge! by Baz Luhrmann bears relation to the opera La bohème and includes many references to the Bohemian subculture.
• Queen's song, "Bohemian Rhapsody," a parody of a rock opera.
• The fashion for so-called "Bohemian" or "boho" chic in the early 21st century included a number of elements from earlier eras.
• The Dandy Warhols' album, "Thirteen Tales From Urban Bohemia," as well as their biggest hit, "Bohemian Like You."
• The Thrills' album "Let's Bottle Bohemia."
• Bohemia is also a popular export beer from Mexico.

Jonathan Larson (February 4, 1960 – January 25, 1996) was an American composer who lived in New York City and authored musicals, including Rent and Tick, Tick. ... Broadway theatre[1] is often considered the highest professional form of theatre in the United States. ... Rent is the cinematographic adaptation of a musical drama in Broadway musical of the same name, released November 23, 2005. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Nickname: Big Apple Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area    - City 1,214. ... See also 1990s, the band The 1990s decade refers to the years from 1990 to 1999, inclusive, sometimes informally including popular culture from the very late 1980s and from 2000 and beyond. ... La Vie Boheme (French: the Bohemian life) is a song in the musical RENT. The second part of this song (La Vie Boheme B) ends the first act of the show. ... In sociology, counterculture is a term used to describe a cultural group whose values and norms run counter to those of the social mainstream of the day, the cultural equivalent of political opposition or swimming against the tide. ... Moulin Rouge! (or simply Moulin Rouge) is a 2001 Academy Award winning musical film directed by Baz Luhrmann. ... It has been suggested that Red curtain be merged into this article or section. ... Queen are an English rock band formed by Freddie Mercury, Brian May, and Roger Taylor in London, England in 1970 from the remains of Smile, with John Deacon completing the lineup the following year. ... Bohemian Rhapsody is a song written by Freddie Mercury, originally recorded by the band Queen for their 1975 album A Night at the Opera. ... Short floaty skirt, 2005 Boho-chic was a style of female fashion (c. ... The Dandy Warhols are an alternative rock band formed in Portland, Oregon by Courtney Taylor-Taylor (formerly just Courtney Taylor) (vocals, guitar), Zia McCabe (keyboard), Peter Loew (formerly known as Peter Holmstrom/Holmström before his marriage to Michelle Loew in 2002), and Eric Hedford (drums). ... Thirteen Tales From Urban Bohemia is the third album produced by The Dandy Warhols. ... The Thrills are an Irish indie/pop band, formed in 2001 in Dublin. ... Lets Bottle Bohemia is the second album of the Irish indie/rock band, The Thrills. ...

Related links

• Avant-garde
• Beat generation
• Bohemian Manifesto
• Edie Brickell & New Bohemians
• Emo
• Goth
• Hippie
• Jianghu
• Literary Kicks
• Metropia
• Moulin Rouge
• Rent

A work similar to Marcel Duchamps Fountain Avant garde (written avant-garde) is a French phrase, one of many French phrases used by English speakers. ... The term Beat Generation refers primarily to a group of American writers of the 1950s. ... The Bohemian Manifesto is a book written by Laren Stover and illustrated by IZAK. Subtitled, A Field Guide to Living on the Edge, it details the eccentricities, the peculiarities, and the informalities of being a Bohemian. ... Edie Brickell & New Bohemians were an alternative rock band from Texas in the late 1980s and early 1990s. ... Look up emo in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... New York City goth band The Naked and the Dead (1985). ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... The jiang hu or gong woo world is the fictional environment in which many wu xia stories are set. ... Founded in 1994 by Levi Asher, Literary Kicks is a website that functions as a digital library of poetry and prose, biography and cultural criticism. ... Metropia is a Canadian television soap opera, which airs on Omni Television. ... Moulin Rouge (French for red mill) is a traditional cabaret, built in 1889 by Joseph Oller who already owned the Paris Olympia. ... Rent is an American Tony and Pulitzer Prize-winning rock musical, with lyrics and music by Jonathan Larson. ...

External link

• Bohemianism and Counter-Culture

je:Jack Kerouac Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in late 18th century Western Europe. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... The era of Romantic music is defined as the period of European classical music that runs roughly from the early 1800s to the first decade of the 20th century, as well as music written according to the norms and styles of that period. ... 1820 portrait by Karl Stieler Ludwig van Beethoven (pronounced ) (baptized December 17, 1770[1] – March 26, 1827) was a German composer and pianist. ... Louis Hector Berlioz (December 11, 1803 – March 8, 1869) was a French Romantic composer best known for the Symphonie fantastique, first performed in 1830, and for his Grande Messe des Morts (Requiem) of 1837, with its tremendous resources that include four antiphonal brass choirs. ... Johannes Brahms. ... The only known photograph of Frédéric Chopin (commonly mistaken for a daguerrotype), taken by Louis-Auguste Bisson in 1849. ... Edvard Grieg Edvard Hagerup Grieg (June 15, 1843 – September 4, 1907) was a Norwegian composer and pianist who composed in the romantic period. ... Franz Liszt (Hungarian: Liszt Ferenc) (Slovak: List Franz) (October 22, 1811 – July 31, 1886) was a Hungarian ( with both parents from Slovakia ) virtuoso pianist and composer. ... Giacomo Puccini Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini (December 22, 1858 – November 29, 1924) was an Italian composer whose operas, including La bohème, Tosca, Madama Butterfly, and Turandot, are among the most frequently performed in the history of the genre. ... Robert Schumann (June 8, 1810 – July 29, 1856) was a German composer and pianist. ... A young Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1874) Tchaikovsky redirects here. ... The Mighty Handful (Moguchaya Kuchka / Могучая Кучка in Russian), better known as The Five in English-speaking countries, was a label applied in 1867 by the critic Vladimir Stasov to a loose collection of Russian classical composers brought together under... Giuseppe Verdi, by Giovanni Boldini, 1886 (National Gallery of Modern Art, Rome). ... Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner (May 22, 1813 – February 13, 1883) was an influential German composer, conductor, music theorist, and essayist, primarily known for his operas (or music dramas as he later came to call them). ... Romantic poetry was part of the Romantic movement of European literature during the 18th-19th centuries. ... William Blake in an 1807 portrait by Thomas Phillips William Blake (November 28, 1757–August 12, 1827) was an English poet, painter, and printmaker. ... Robert Burns, preeminent Scottish poet Robert Burns (January 25, 1759 – July 21, 1796) was a poet and songwriter. ... Lord Byron, Anglo-Scottish poet George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron (January 22, 1788–April 19, 1824) was an Anglo-Scottish poet and a leading figure in Romanticism. ... Samuel Taylor Coleridge, English poet, 1795 Samuel Taylor Coleridge (October 21, 1772 – July 25, 1834) was an English poet, critic, and philosopher who was, along with his friend William Wordsworth, one of the founders of the Romantic Movement in England and one of the Lake Poets. ... Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. ... Friedrich Hölderlin Johann Christian Friedrich Hölderlin (March 20, 1770 – June 6, 1843) was a major German lyric poet. ... Victor-Marie Hugo. ... John Keats John Keats (October 31, 1795 – February 23, 1821) was one of the principal poets of the English Romantic movement. ... Portrait of Alphonse de Lamartine Lamartine in front of the Hôtel de Ville de Paris, on the 25 February 1848, by Philippoteaux Alphonse Marie Louise Prat de Lamartine (Alphonse-Marie-Louis de Prat de Lamartine) (October 21, 1790 - February 28, 1869) was a French writer, poet and politician, born... Giacomo Leopardi Giacomo Leopardi, Count (June 29, 1798 – June 14, 1837) was a major Italian Romantic poet, often considered alongside Dante and Petrarch as one of Italys greatest poets and thinkers. ... Mikhail Lermontov in 1837 Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov (Михаил Юрьевич Лермонтов), (October 15, 1814–July 27, 1841), a Russian Romantic writer and poet, sometimes called the poet of the Caucasus, was the most important presence in the Russian poetry from Alexander Pushkins death until his own four years later, at the age... Adam Mickiewicz. ... Gérard de Nerval (May 22, 1808 - January 26, 1855) was the nom-de-plume of the French poet, essayist and translator Gérard Labrunie, the most essentially Romantic among French poets. ... Novalis “Novalis” (* 2. ... Aleksandr Pushkin was a Russian poet and a founder of modern Russian literature Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin (Russian: Алекса́ндр Серге́евич Пу́шкин) (June 6 (May 26, O.S... Percy Bysshe Shelley Percy Bysshe Shelley (August 4, 1792 – July 8, 1822; pronounced ) was one of the major English Romantic poets and is widely considered to be among the finest lyric poets of the English language. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... William Wordsworth, English poet Wordsworth redirects here. ... Karl Pavlovich Briullov (Карл Павлович Брюллов), called by his friends the Great Karl (December 12, 1799, St Petersburg - June 11, 1852, Rome), was the first Russian painter of international standing. ... A self portrait by John Constable John Constable (June 11, 1776 – March 31, 1837) was a British Romantic artist. ... Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot (portrait by Nadar) Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot (July 26, 1796 – February 22, French landscape painter. ... Eugène Delacroix (portrait by Nadar) Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix (April 26, 1798 — August 13, 1863) was the most important of the French Romantic painters. ... 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Washington Crossing the Delaware Westward the Course of Empire Takes its Way Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze (May 24, 1816 – July 18, 1868) was a German-born American painter. ... -1... Self-portrait of the young Samuel Palmer, circa 1826. ... Self portrait, oil on canvas, circa 1799 Joseph Mallord William Turner (born in Covent Garden, London on April 23, 1775 (exact date disputed), died December 19, 1851) was an English Romantic landscape artist, whose style can be said to have laid the foundation for Impressionism. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... The Age of Enlightenment refers to either the eighteenth century in European philosophy, or the longer period including the seventeenth century and the Age of Reason. ... Victorianism is the name given to the attitudes, art and culture of the later two-thirds of the 19th century. ... 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