Bohemund III of Antioch (1144–1201), also known as the Stammerer, was Prince of Antioch from 1163 to his death. He was a son of Constance of Antioch by her first husband Raymond of Poitiers. Events Louis VII capitulates to Pope Celestine II and so earns the popes absolution Pope Celestine II is succeeded by Pope Lucius II December 24 - Edessa falls to Zengi Montauban, France, is founded First recorded example of an anti-Semitic blood libel in England Normandy comes under Angevin control... // Events The town of Riga was chartered as a city. ... The Principality of Antioch, including parts of modern-day Turkey and Syria, was one of the crusader states created during the First Crusade. ... // Events Owain Gwynedd is recognized as ruler of Wales. ... Constance of Antioch (1127-1163) was the ruler of the principality of Antioch (a crusader state) from 1130 to her death. ... Raymond of Poitiers (c. ...

Early life

Bohemund's father was killed at the Battle of Inab in 1149, and his mother ruled as regent until he was old enough to rule on his own. Constance, however, married a second time, to Raynald of Chatillon, who ruled as Prince of Antioch until being taken captive and imprisoned in Aleppo in 1160 (he remained there until 1176). Bohemund was by now of legal age to succeed, but Constance refused; King Baldwin III of Jerusalem intervened and declared Bohemund ruler of the principality. In 1163 Constance asked the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia for aid in order to maintain her rule; the citizens of Antioch then rioted and exiled her. She died later that year, allowing Bohemund to take full control. The Battle of Inab took place on June 29 between Nur ad-Din and Raymond of Antioch. ... Events Castle of Carimate destroyed. ... Raynald of Châtillon (also Reynald or Reginald of Chastillon) (c. ... Old Town Aleppo viewed from the Citadel Aleppo is also the name of two townships in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. ... Events Erik den helige is succeeded by Karl Sverkersson. ... Events May 22 - Murder attempt by the Hashshashin on Saladin near Aleppo Raynald of Chatillon released from prison in Aleppo May 29 - Frederick Barbarossa is defeated in the Battle of Legnano by the Lombard League leading to the pactum Anagninum (the Agreement of Anagni) September 17 - Seljuk Turks defeat Manuel... Baldwin III (1130-1162) was king of Jerusalem from 1143-1162. ... Armenian Cilicia and Crusader States Cilicia The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (sometimes referred to as Armenia Minor or Lesser Armenia) was a state formed in the Middle Ages by Armenian refugees fleeing the Seljuk invasion of Armenia. ...

Prince of Antioch

In 1164, Bohemund and Raymond III of Tripoli marched out to relieve Harim, under siege from Nur ad-Din, but when Nur ad-Din retreated Bohemund led a charge against him. The ensuing battle was a disaster and both Bohemund and Raymond were taken prisoner. King Amalric I of Jerusalem hastened back from his invasion of Egypt to take control of the regency of Antioch; Bohemund was freed, for a large ransom, in 1165 with the intervention of Amalric and Byzantine emperor Manuel I Comnenus, his nominal overlord; Manuel was also his brother-in-law, as he was married to Bohemund's sister Maria of Antioch. Nur ad-Din was always wary of Byzantine intervention in Syria, which may explain his quick release of Bohemund. Bohemund then visited Manuel in Constantinople, where he agreed to re-establish a Greek Patriarch in Antioch, Athanasius II. The Latin Patriarch, Aimery of Limoges, protested this and imposed an interdict on the city. He did not return until Athanasius died in 1170. // Events Count Henry I of Champagne marries Marie de Champagne. ... Raymond III of Tripoli (c. ... al-Malik al-Adil Nur ad-Din Abu al-Qasim Mahmud Ibn Imad ad-Din Zangi (1118 – May 15, 1174), also known as Nur ed-Din, Nur al-Din, etc. ... Combatants Aleppo, Mosul Principality of Antioch, County of Tripoli Commanders Nur ad-Din Raymond III of Tripoli, Bohemund III of Antioch, Joscelin III of Edessa, Hugh VIII of Lusignan Strength Unknown Unknown Casualties Unknown 10 000? Raymond, Bohemund, Joscelin, and Hugh taken captive {{{notes}}} The Battle of Harim was fought... Amalric I (also Amaury or Aimery) (1136 – July 11, 1174) was King of Jerusalem 1162–1174, and Count of Jaffa and Ascalon before his accession. ... Events November 23 - Pope Alexander III enters Rome. ... This is a list of Byzantine Emperors. ... Fresco of Manuel I Manuel I Comnenus Megas (November 28, 1118? – September 24, 1180) was Byzantine Emperor from 1143 to 1180. ... Maria of Antioch (1145-1182) was the daughter of Constance of Antioch and her first husband Raymond of Poitiers. ... Map of Constantinople. ... The Patriarch of Antioch is one of the Eastern Orthodox patriarchs, sometimes called the Greek Patriarch of Antioch to distinguish from the Oriental Orthodox Syrian Patriarch of Antioch. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Latin Patriarch of Antioch was an office established in the aftermath of the First Crusade by Bohemund, the first Prince of Antioch. ... The word interdict usually refers to an ecclesiastical penalty in the Roman Catholic Church. ... Events December 29: Assassination of Thomas Beckett, Archbishop of Canterbury, in Canterbury cathedral City of Dublin captured by the Normans Wang Anshi of Song China started to carried out reforms in three main structures, education, economy and political system. ...

In 1166 the future emperor Andronicus Comnenus, now only governor of Cilicia, arrived in Antioch, having heard of the beauty of Bohemund's sister Philippa. Their subsequent affair angered both Bohemund and Manuel, as Philippa was the sister of Manuel's wife and thus the relationship was considered incestual by the church. Andronicus was forced to flee to Jerusalem, where he also seduced Queen Theodora Comnena, an even closer relative. // Events Marko III succeeds Yoannis V as patriarch of Alexandria. ... Billon trachy (a cup-shaped coin) of Andronicus I Comnenus (1183-1185) Andronicus I Comnenus (c. ... Incest is sexual activity between close family members. ... Theodora Comnena (born c. ...

In 1172 Bohemund invaded Armenia, in response to Mleh of Armenia's alliance with Nur ad-Din. In 1177, along with Raymond III and Philip, Count of Flanders, who had arrived on pilgrimage, Bohemund besieged Harim, but they could not recapture it and the siege was abandoned. Events Duke Richard of Aquitaine becomes Duke of Poitiers. ... Mleh of Armenia (died 1175) was prince of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, ruling from 1170 to 1175. ... Events November 25 - Baldwin IV of Jerusalem and Raynald of Chatillon defeat Saladin at the Battle of Montgisard. ... Philip of Alsace was count of Flanders from 1168 to 1191. ... Pilgrim at Mecca For other uses of the word pilgrimage, see Pilgrimage (disambiguation). ...

In 1180 Bohemund and Raymond attempted to intervene in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, which was at the time ruled by their kinsman Baldwin IV, a leper. The kingdom had been divided into a "royal faction" and a "nobles' faction"; Raymond led the nobles while Baldwin IV's mother Agnes of Courtenay led the royal faction. The dispute centred around Baldwin's sister Sibylla, the heir to the throne, whom Raymond and Bohemund wished to marry to a suitable candidate. Agnes, however, convinced Baldwin that they were coming to overthrow him, and they backed down, not wishing to cause a civil war. Sibylla was then married off to one of Agnes' clients, Guy of Lusignan. Events April 13 - Frederick Barbarossa issues the Gelnhausen Charter November 18 - France Emperor Antoku succeds Emperor Takakura as emperor of Japan Afonso I of Portugal is taken prisoner by Ferdinand II of Leon Artois is annexed by France Prince Mochihito amasses a large army and instigates the Genpei War between... Official language Latin, French, Italian, and other western languages; Greek and Arabic also widely spoken Capital Jerusalem, later Acre Constitution Various laws, so-called Assizes of Jerusalem The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Christian kingdom established in the Levant in 1099 by the First Crusade. ... Baldwin IV (1161 – 1185), called the Leper or the Leprous, the son of Amalric I of Jerusalem and his first wife Agnes of Courtenay, was king of Jerusalem from 1174 to 1185. ... For the malady found in the Hebrew Bible, see the article Tzaraath. ... Agnes of Courtenay (c. ... Sibylla of Jerusalem (c. ... Guy of Lusignan (c. ...

Excommunication

Around this time Bohemund left his wife Theodora, a niece of the recently-deceased Emperor Manuel, and married a woman named Sibylla, "who had the reputation of practicing evil arts" according to William of Tyre. He was excommunicated by Pope Alexander III, and Antioch was placed under an interdict, but "to this...he paid slight attention. On the contrary, he continued on his wicked course with redoubled energy." He imprisoned Patriarch Aimery and other bishops and looted their churches. Opposition to Bohemund was led by Reynald Masoir. Patriarch Heraclius of Jerusalem was sent to mediate in 1181, with Raynald of Chatillon, Raymond III of Tripoli, Arnold of Toroga, and Roger des Moulins, but Bohemund refused to acquiesce, and expelled the mediators as well as a number of his own nobles. William of Tyre (c. ... Alexander III, né Orlando Bandinelli (c. ... Heraclius of Caesarea (died 1191) was archbishop of Caesarea and Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem. ... Events Jayavarman VII assumes control of the Khmer kingdom. ... Roger de Moulins was Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller from 1177 to his death in 1187. ...

Collapse of Jerusalem

In 1183 Antioch was harassed by Saladin, with whom Bohemund then negotiated a peace treaty. He also sold Tarsus to Ruben III of Armenia, in order to make Antioch more easily defensible. Meanwhile, in Jerusalem, Baldwin IV was becoming more and more incapacitated, and Raymond III had Sibylla's son from her first marriage, Baldwin V, crowned co-king. He was supported in this by the nobles' party, including Bohemund. However, Baldwin IV died in 1185 and Baldwin V died as a child soon afterwards. Bohemund, Raymond, and the nobles could not prevent Guy and Sibylla from succeeding to the throne in 1186. Their reign was disastrous. The Kingdom of Jerusalem was all but destroyed by Saladin at the Battle of Hattin in 1187; Bohemund was not present, but his son Raymond was in the vanguard and escaped with Raymond of Tripoli. Saladin invaded Antioch afterwards, but Bohemund was able to defend his territory with help from a Sicilian fleet. Raymond of Tripoli died soon after Hattin, and had named Bohemund's elder son Raymond as his successor, but Bohemund ignored this and instead installed his second son, Bohemund IV, as count. Events Three-year old Emperor Go-Toba ascends to the throne of Japan after the forced abdication of his brother Antoku during the Genpei War William of Tyre excommunicated by the newly appointed Heraclius of Jerusalem, firmly ending their struggle for power Andronicus I Comnenus becomes the Byzantine emperor Births... Saladin, from a 12th-century Arab codex. ... In tetrapods, the tarsi are the cluster of bones in the foot between the tibia and fibula and the metatarsus. ... Ruben III of Armenia (died 1186) was prince of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, ruling from 1174 to 1186. ... Top: Baldwin IV on his sickbed; Bottom: Baldwin V crowned. ... Events April 25 - Genpei War - Naval battle of Dan-no-ura leads to Minamoto victory in Japan Templars settle in London and begin the building of New Temple Church End of the Heian Period and beginning of the Kamakura period in Japan. ... Events John the Chanter becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... Official language Latin, French, Italian, and other western languages; Greek and Arabic also widely spoken Capital Jerusalem, later Acre Constitution Various laws, so-called Assizes of Jerusalem The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Christian kingdom established in the Levant in 1099 by the First Crusade. ... Saladin, from a 12th-century Arab codex. ... Combatants Ayyubids Kingdom of Jerusalem Commanders Saladin Guy of Lusignan Raymond III of Tripoli Strength About 65-70,000 About 58,000 Casualties Unknown Unknown; very heavy {{{notes}}} The Battle of Hattin took place on Saturday, July 4, 1187, between the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem and the forces of the... // Events May 1 - Battle of Cresson - Saladin defeats the crusaders July 4 - Saladin defeats Guy of Lusignan, King of Jerusalem, at the Battle of Hattin. ... Sicily (Sicilia in Italian and Sicilian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,700 sq. ... Bohemund IV of Antioch (d. ...

Later life and death

In 1190 Bohemund met the remnants of the German contingent arriving on the Third Crusade; Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, had died on the way and some of his remains were buried in Antioch. He otherwise played little role in the crusade, preferring to remain neutral to avoid provoking Saladin. In 1194 Bohemund was captured by Leo II of Armenia. Leo had seized the castle of Bagras, on the northern border of Antioch, which had been captured by Saladin in 1189. Bohemund and the Knights Templar, its original owners, demanded its return. Leo lured Bohemund to Bagras under pretense of a parley, captured him, and imprisoned him in Sis. Under duress, Bohemund was compelled to cede the Principality to Leo. Bohemund was subsequently released through the mediation of Henry II of Champagne, King of Jerusalem, but was forced to abandon all claims to the suzerainity of Armenia. In addition, the two entered into a marital alliance in 1195: Bohemond's son Raymond married Alice of Armenia, the daughter of Leo's brother Ruben III. Events March 16 - Massacre and mass-suicide of the Jews of York, England prompted by Crusaders and Richard Malebys kill 150-500 Jews in Cliffords Tower June 10 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowned in the Saleph River while leading an army to Jerusalem. ... The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was an attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin. ... Frederick Barbarossa in a 13th century Chronicle. ... Events November 20 - Palermo falls to Henry VI, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire December 25 - Henry VI is crowned king of Sicily. ... Leo II of Armenia, (Armenian: Levon II) known as The Magnificent (1150 – May 5, 1219) was king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, ruling from 1187–1219. ... Events January 21 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade September 3- Richard I of England is crowned as king of England. ... Knights Templar may refer to: Knights Templar (military order) Knights Templar in England Knights Templar (Freemason degree) Sovereign Military Order of the Temple of Jerusalem This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Look up parley in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Kozan (37°27′N 35°48′E) is a city in Adana Province, Turkey. ... Henry II of Champagne (July 29, 1166–1197), was count of Champagne from 1181 to 1197, and king of Jerusalem from 1192 to 1197. ... Events Priory of St Marys, Bushmead, founded. ...

Bohemund died in 1201, and the succession was disputed between his son Bohemund IV and Raymond-Roupen, son of Raymond and Alice. Raymond-Roupen of Antioch (d. ...

Family and children

1. Orguilleuse d'Harenc (married 1169, died around 1175)
   1. Raymond, the father of Raymond-Roupen of Antioch (died 1199)
   2. Bohemund IV of Antioch (1172 – 1233).
2. Theodora Comnena, daughter of John Comnenus Ducas, Duke of Cyprus, and Maria Taronitissa (married around 1176)
   1. Constance (died young)
   2. Manuel (1176 – 1211)
3. Sibylla (married 1180)
   1. Alice (died 1233), married Guy I Embriaco, lord of Gibelet
   2. William
4. Isabella (married 1199)
   1. Bohemund (died 1244), married the heiress of Botrun

Events Nur ad-Din invades Egypt, and his nephew Saladin becomes the sultan over the territory conquered by Nur ad-Din. ... Events Ruaidri Ua Conchobair (Rory OConner), last High King of Ireland, submits to Henry II as vassal of Ireland with the Treaty of Windsor Ly Cao Ton becomes ruler of Vietnam William of Tyre becomes archbishop of Tyre Massacre of Abergavenny ends with several noblemen dead at the hands... Raymond-Roupen of Antioch (d. ... Events John Lackland, becomes King of England Births Isobel of Huntingdon (d. ... Bohemund IV of Antioch (d. ... Events Duke Richard of Aquitaine becomes Duke of Poitiers. ... // Events Fortress of Kalan built. ... Events May 22 - Murder attempt by the Hashshashin on Saladin near Aleppo Raynald of Chatillon released from prison in Aleppo May 29 - Frederick Barbarossa is defeated in the Battle of Legnano by the Lombard League leading to the pactum Anagninum (the Agreement of Anagni) September 17 - Seljuk Turks defeat Manuel... Events May 22 - Murder attempt by the Hashshashin on Saladin near Aleppo Raynald of Chatillon released from prison in Aleppo May 29 - Frederick Barbarossa is defeated in the Battle of Legnano by the Lombard League leading to the pactum Anagninum (the Agreement of Anagni) September 17 - Seljuk Turks defeat Manuel... Events The oldest extant double entry bookkeeping record dates from 1211 Canons regular of the Order of the Holy Cross founded September 14 1211 Births Deaths Monarchs/Presidents France - Philippe II, Auguste King of France (reigned from 1180 to 1223) Mongol Empire - Genghis Khan, Mongol Khan (from 1206 to 1227... Events April 13 - Frederick Barbarossa issues the Gelnhausen Charter November 18 - France Emperor Antoku succeds Emperor Takakura as emperor of Japan Afonso I of Portugal is taken prisoner by Ferdinand II of Leon Artois is annexed by France Prince Mochihito amasses a large army and instigates the Genpei War between... // Events Fortress of Kalan built. ... Byblos was a city of Phoenicia, in ancient times. ... Events John Lackland, becomes King of England Births Isobel of Huntingdon (d. ... Events Sultan Malik al-Muattam razes city walls. ...

Sources

• Steven Runciman, A History of the Crusades, vols. II-III. Cambridge University Press, 1952-54.
• William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the Sea, trans. E.A. Babcock and A.C. Krey. Columbia University Press, 1943.