Bolívar's War refers to a series of independence wars in South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. South America is situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. It became attached to North America only recently, geologically speaking, with the formation of the Isthmus of Panama... South America from Events February 5 - George, Prince of Wales becomes Regent because of the perceived insanity of his father, King George III of the United Kingdom.He is known as the Prince Regent. This is the beginning of the period known as the English Regency. March 1 - Egyptian ruler Mohammed Ali kills... 1811 to Events January 4 - King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies dies and is succeeded by his son Francis I of the Two Sicilies. February 9 - After no presidential candidate received a majority of electoral votes, the United States House of Representatives elects John Quincy Adams President of the United States... 1825 led by the famous South American nationalist and general Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios ( July 24, 1783 – December 17, 1830) was a South American revolutionary leader. Credited with leading the fight for independence in what are now the nations of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia... Simón Bolívar. These wars eventually led to the independence of several South American states from the colonial rule of The Kingdom of Spain or Spain ( Spanish: Reino de España or España; Catalan: Regne dEspanya; Basque: Espainiako Erresuma; Galician: Reino da España) is a country located in the southwest of Europe. It shares the Iberian Peninsula with Portugal, Gibraltar and Andorra. To the... Spain.

Beginning of the independence movement

Independence movements in the northern regions of Spanish colonization of the Americas began with the arrival in the Americas of Christopher Columbus in 1492. He had been searching for a new route to the Asian Indies and was convinced he had found it. Columbus was made governor of the new territories and made several more journeys across... Spanish South America had an inauspicious beginning in Events January 8 - Cape Colony becomes a British colony January 10 - Dutch in Cape Town surrender to the British January 19 - The United Kingdom occupies the Cape of Good Hope February 6 - Royal Navy victory off Santo Domingo - see:Action of 6 February 1806 March 23 - After traveling through the... 1806. The small group of foreign volunteers that the Venezuelan revolutionary The Revolutionary: Francisco de Miranda Francisco de Miranda (Caracas, Venezuela, March 28, 1750 - Cádiz, Spain, July 14, 1816), South American revolutionary, whose own plan for the independence of the Spanish American colonies failed, but is regarded as a forerunner of Bolívar and other more effective American fighters for... Francisco de Miranda brought to his homeland failed to incite the populace to rise against Spanish rule. Creoles in the region wanted an expansion of the free trade that was benefiting their plantation economy. At the same time, however, they feared that the removal of Spanish control might bring about a revolution that would destroy their own power.

Creole elites in The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: República Bolivariana de Venezuela)1 is a country in northern South America.2 It borders the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean to the north, Guyana to the east, Brazil to the south, and Colombia to the west. Off the Venezuelan coast are... Venezuela had good reason to fear such a possibility, for a massive revolution had recently exploded in the French Caribbean colony of Saint-Domingue. Beginning in Events January 25 - The British Parliament passes the Constitutional Act of 1791, splitting the old province of Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada March 3 - The U.S. Congress passes a resolution calling for the establishment of the United States Mint (U.S. Mint not created until next year). March... 1791, a massive slave revolt sparked a general insurrection against the plantation system and French colonial power. The rebellion developed into both a civil war, pitting blacks and mulattos against whites, and an international conflict, as Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Official language None; English is de facto Capital London Capitals coordinates 51° 30 N, 0° 10 W Largest city London Area  - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 1st UK... England and The Kingdom of Spain or Spain ( Spanish: Reino de España or España; Catalan: Regne dEspanya; Basque: Espainiako Erresuma; Galician: Reino da España) is a country located in the southwest of Europe. It shares the Iberian Peninsula with Portugal, Gibraltar and Andorra. To the... Spain supported the white plantation owners and rebels, respectively. By the first years of the 19th century, the rebels had shattered what had been a model colony and forged the independent nation of Haiti is a country situated on the western third of the island of Hispaniola and the smaller islands of Gonâve, Tortue (Tortuga), Grande Caye, and Vache in the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba; the Dominican Republic shares Hispaniola with Haiti. Its total land area is 10,714 square miles... Haiti. Partly inspired by those Caribbean events, slaves in Venezuela carried out their own uprisings in the 1790s. Just as it served as a beacon of hope for the enslaved, Haiti was a warning of everything that might go wrong for elites in the cacao-growing areas of Venezuela and throughout slave societies in the Americas.

Independence movement in New Granada

Creole anxieties also contributed to the persistence of a strong loyalist faction in the New Granada was the name given to a group of colonial provinces in northern South America, corresponding mainly to modern Colombia. The name is still used as an alternative to Colombia by some people. In 1514, the Spanish first permanently settled in the area. With Santa Marta (1525) and Cartagena... Viceroyalty of New Granada, but they did not prevent the rise of an independence struggle there. Creoles organized revolutionary governments that proclaimed social and economic reforms in 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). Events January 10 - Marriage of Napoleon and Josephine is annulled January 20 - Tyrolean rebel leader Andreas Hofer executed March 11 - Napoleon marries Marie-Louise of Austria April 19 - Venezuela achieves home rule: Emparan, Governor of the Captaincy General... 1810 and openly declared a break with Spain the following year. Forces loyal to Spain fought the patriots from the start, leading to a pattern much like that which characterized the Plata: patriot rebels held the capital city and its surroundings but could not dominate large sections of the countryside. Some interpreted an 1812 earthquake that wreaked particular destruction on patriot-held areas as a sign of divine displeasure with the rebels. The year Events January 1 - the Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, the Austrian civil code enters into force in the Austrian Empire February 2 - Russia establishes a fur trading colony at Fort Ross, California February 7 - The strongest in a series of massive earthquakes near New Madrid, Missouri, est. >8 on Richter... 1812 certainly was the onset of a difficult period for the independence armies of New Granada was the name given to a group of colonial provinces in northern South America, corresponding mainly to modern Colombia. The name is still used as an alternative to Colombia by some people. In 1514, the Spanish first permanently settled in the area. With Santa Marta (1525) and Cartagena... New Granada. Loyalist forces crushed the rebels' military, driving Bolívar into temporary exile.

Bolívar's Campaigns

Venezuelan War of Independence 1811-12

For details, see Venezuelan Independence War in 1811-1812 was Venezuelas first war for independence from Spanish colonial rule. It was part of Bolívars War, a series of revolutionary wars led by South American general Simón Bolívar. The Latin American independence movement was launched a year after Simon... Venezuelan War of Independence

Venezuela declared its independence from Spain July 5 is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 179 days remaining. Events 1610 - John Guy sets sail from Bristol with 39 other colonists for Newfoundland. 1687 - Isaac Newtons Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica is published. 1803 - The convention of Artlenburg... July 5, Events February 5 - George, Prince of Wales becomes Regent because of the perceived insanity of his father, King George III of the United Kingdom.He is known as the Prince Regent. This is the beginning of the period known as the English Regency. March 1 - Egyptian ruler Mohammed Ali kills... 1811, beginning its wars against that country.

In 1812 Spanish forces led by General Juan Monteverde defeated the Venezuelan revolutionary army, led by Francisco de Miranda, which surrendered at La Victoria in July 12 is the 193rd day (194th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 172 days remaining. Events 1500-1599 1573 - Spanish forces under the Duke of Alva capture Haarlem after a seven month siege. 1600-1899 1690 - William of Oranges army wins the Battle... July 12, 1812, effectively ending the first phase of the revolutionary war; Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios ( July 24, 1783 – December 17, 1830) was a South American revolutionary leader. Credited with leading the fight for independence in what are now the nations of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia... Simón Bolívar and other revolutionary leaders fled abroad.

Bolívar in Venezuela 1813-14

For details, see Bolívar in Venezuela 1813-14

Returning to Venezuela, Bolívar's forces defeated Juan Monteverde's Spanish army in a series of battles, taking Cerro Avila, Caracas. Caracas is the capital of Venezuela. It is located in the north of the country, close to the Caribbean Sea. As of 2004 the population of the city was 1.7 million and of the metropolitan area 3.6 million. The city was founded in 1567 as... Caracas on August 6 is the 218th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (219th in leap years), with 147 days remaining. Events 1806 - Francis II, the last Holy Roman Emperor, abdicates, thus ending the Holy Roman Empire. 1825 - Bolivia gains independence from Peru. 1861 - British annexation of Lagos, Nigeria. 1862... August 6, 1813, and besieging Monteverde at Puerto Cabello in September 1813.

In 1814 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). Events January 14 - Denmark cedes Norway to Sweden in exchange for west Pomerania, as part of the Treaty of Kiel January 29 - French army of Emperor Napoleon I wins the Battle of Brienne January 31 - Gervasio Antonio de... 1814 Heavily reinforced Spanish forces in Venezuela lost a series of battles to Bolívar's forces but decisively defeated Bolívar at La Puerta in June 15 is the 166th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (167th in leap years), with 199 days remaining. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a solar eclipse that will be used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history. 923 - Battle of Soissons: King Robert I of France is... June 15, 1814, took Caracus July 16 is the 197th day (198th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 168 days remaining. Events 622 - Beginning of the Islamic calendar. 1769 - Father Junipero Serra founds Mission San Diego de Alcalá, the first mission in California. The mission later evolves into the city... July 16, 1814, and again defeated his army at Estado Aragua is located in the north-central region of Venezuela. It has plains and jungles and beautiful Caribbean beaches. The most popular are Cata and Choroni. The capital is Maracay. Aragua State covers a total surface area of 7,014 km² and, in 2001, had an estimated population of... Aragua in August 18 is the 230th day of the year (231st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 135 days remaining. Events 293 BC - Oldest known Roman temple to Venus founded, institution of Vinalia Rustica begins. 1587 - Virginia Dare, granddaughter of Gov. John White of the Colony of Roanoke... August 18, 1814, at a cost of 2,000 Spanish casualties of 10,000 engaged and most of the 3,000 in the rebel army. Bolívar then fled into exile.

Spanish Invasion of New Granada 1815-1816

For details, see Spanish Invasion of New Granada in 1815-1816 was part of Bolívars War in South America. Spain decided military forces to New Granada (present-day Colombia) to retake colonies that were lost to rebellious forces led by Simón Bolívar. By 1815 it had sent to its... Spanish Invasion of New Granada

By 1815 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). Events January 3 - Austria, Britain, and France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Prussia and Russia. January 4 - Netherlands, Foundation of the first dutch student association, the Groninger Studenten Corps, Vindicat Atque Polit. The first rector of... 1815 the independence movements in Venezuela and almost all across Spanish South America seemed moribund. A large military expedition sent by Ferdinand VII (October 14, 1784 - September 29, 1833) was King of Spain from 1813 to 1833. The eldest son of Charles IV, king of Spain, and of his wife Maria Louisa of Parma, he was born in the vast palace of El Escorial near Madrid. The events with which he... Ferdinand VII in that year reconquered Venezuela and most of New Granada. Yet another invasion led by Bolívar in Events March 25 - Friedrich Karl Ludwig, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck dies and is succeeded by the later Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, his son and founder of the Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg. May 2 - Leopold of Saxe-Coburg, later King of the Belgians... 1816 failed miserably.

Bolívar in Venezuela 1815-16

For details, see Bolívar in Venezuela 1815-16

Bolívar returned to Venezuela in December 1816, again leading a largely unsuccessful insurrection against Spain in 1816-18.

Bolívar in New Granada

For details, see Bolívar in New Granada

In Events January 17 - Simón Bolívar proclaims the Republic of Gran Colombia January 29 - Sir Singapore February 6 - Formal treaty between Sultan Hussein of Johor and the British Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles originates Singapore February 15 - The United States House of Representatives agrees to Tallmadge Amendment to bar slaves... 1819 Bolívar's forces crossed the See also architecture with non_sequential dynamic execution scheduling (ANDES). Please note that the geology in this article reflects views from the first decade of the 20th century. It is a good example of the descriptive geology of that time, but because it is pre_plate tectonics cannot be relied on when... Andes into New Granada was the name given to a group of colonial provinces in northern South America, corresponding mainly to modern Colombia. The name is still used as an alternative to Colombia by some people. In 1514, the Spanish first permanently settled in the area. With Santa Marta (1525) and Cartagena... New Granada in June-July 1819. At Boyac is a department of Colombia, one of the original nine states of the United States of Colombia. Boyac is centrally located within Colombia, almost entirely within the mountains of Eastern Cordillera, although the western end of the department extends to the Magdalena River at the town of Puerto Boyac... Boyaca August 7 is the 219th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (220th in leap years), with 146 days remaining. There are 94 days in North Hemisphere summer, South Hemisphere winter. The Northern Hemisphere is considered to be halfway through the summer on August 7. Events 1600-1899 1679... August 7, his army of 2,000 defeated a Spanish and colonial force of 3,000. In spring 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). Events January 1 - Constitutionalist military insurrection at Cádiz leads to summoning of Spanish parliament ( March 7) and restoration of 1812 Constitution ( March 8) by king Ferdinand VII. January 28 - Russian expedition lead by Fabian Gottlieb von... 1820 Bolívar's republican forces took Bogota; he then became the first president of the For other uses see Columbia. The Republic of Colombia is a country in north-western South America. It is bound to the north and north-west by the Caribbean Sea, to the east by Venezuela and Brazil, to the south by Ecuador and Peru, and to the west by Panama... Colombian republic.

Bolívar in Venezuela 1821

For details, see Bolívar in Venezuela 1821

Bolívar returned to Venezuela in April Events February 23 - The Philadelphia College of Apothecaries founds the first pharmacy college. March 25 - Greece declares its independence from the Ottoman Empire, beginning the Greek War of Independence. July 10 - The United States takes possession of its newly-bought territory of Florida from Spain. July 28 - Peru declares independence... 1821, leading an army of 7,000 from New Granada. At Carabobo, June 25 is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 189 days remaining. Events 841 - Battle of Fontenay 1700-1899 1788 - Virginia ratifies the United States Constitution and is admitted as the 10th state of the United States. 1876 - Battle of the... June 25, his forces decisively defeated Spanish and colonial forces, winning Venezuelan independence, although hostilities continued.

Republican Campaign in Ecuador

For details, see Republican Campaign in Ecuador

At Pinchincha, The Republic of Ecuador is a country in northwestern South America, bounded by Colombia on the north, by Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean on the west. The country also includes the Galápagos Islands (Colón Archipelago) in the Pacific, about 965 km (about... Ecuador in May 24 is the 144th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (145th in leap years). There are 221 days remaining. Events 1153 - Malcolm IV becomes King of Scotland. 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves for Egypt. 1430 - Joan of Arc is captured at Compiègne. 1487 - Imposter Lambert Simnel... May 24, Events March 30 - Florida becomes a United States territory. May 24 - Battle of Pichincha: Simón Bolívar secures the independence of Quito. June 14 - Charles Babbage proposes a Difference engine in a paper to the Royal Astronomical Society entitled Note on the application of machinery to the computation of... 1822, General Antonio José de Sucre (1795-1830) was a South American independence leader, one of Simón Bolívars closest friends. Antonio José de Sucre was born in Cumaná, Venezuela, then part of the Spanish colony of Nueva Granada. In 1811 he joined the battles for American independence from Spain... Antonio de Sucre's Venezuelan forces defeated Spanish and colonial forces defending Quito is the capital city of Ecuador. The volcano Cotopaxi looms over south Quito. Located in a valley on the western slopes of Pichincha, an active volcano in the Andes mountains, its elevation of around 2850 meters (9300 feet) above sea level makes it the second highest capital city in... Quito, conquering the city.

Republican Campaign in Bolivia

For details, see Bolivia proclaimed independence in 1809, but 16 years of struggle followed before the establishment of the republic. The fight for independence was culminated at Ayacucho in December 9, 1824, as part of Bolívars War in Republican Campaign when Antonio de Sucres republican army of 7,000 defeated... Bolivian Independence War

Bolívar was now president of Map showing Gran Colombia The Republic of Gran Colombia, or Greater Colombia, was a short-lived republic in South America consisting of present-day Colombia , Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama. Its territory corresponded more or less to the jurisdiction of the Viceroyalty of New Granada. The word Colombia comes from the... Gran Colombia and The Republic of Peru (Spanish: Perú; Quechua, Aymara: Piruw) is a country in western South America, bordering with Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, Bolivia to the east, south-east and south, Chile to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Peru is rich... Peru. Only a small section of the continent in The Republic of Bolivia is a landlocked country in central South America. It is bordered by Brazil in the north and east, Paraguay and Argentina in the south, and Chile and Peru in the west. Bolivia, named after independence fighter Simón Bolívar, broke away from Spanish rule in... Upper Peru was still defended by royalist forces. The liberation of this region fell to Antonio de Sucre, and in April of Events January 4 - King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies dies and is succeeded by his son Francis I of the Two Sicilies. February 9 - After no presidential candidate received a majority of electoral votes, the United States House of Representatives elects John Quincy Adams President of the United States... 1825 he reported that the task had been terminated. The new nation chose to be called Bolivia after the name of the Liberator.

Aftermath of Bolívar's War

Simón Bolívar had a dream of uniting all South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. South America is situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. It became attached to North America only recently, geologically speaking, with the formation of the Isthmus of Panama... South American, Central America is the region of North America located between the southern border of Mexico and the northwest border of Colombia, in South America. Some geographers classify Central America as a large isthmus, and in this geographic sense it sometimes includes the portion of Mexico east of the Isthmus of... Central American and The Caribbean or the West Indies is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea. These islands curve southward from the bottom tip of Florida to the Northwest of Venezuela in South America. There are at least 7000 islands, islets, reefs and cayes in the region. They are organized into... Caribbean countries and turning them into a single, economically independent country, which he had planned to name The United States of Latin America. However internal divisions had sparked in wars, and the fragile South American coalition collapsed.

See also

• This is the history of Bolivia. See also the history of Latin America, the history of the Americas, and the history of present-day nations and states. Pre-Colombian times The Andean region probably has been inhabited for some 20,000 years. Beginning about the second century BC, the Tiwanakan... History of Bolivia
• This is the history of Colombia. See also history of South America and the history of present-day nations and states. Pre-Colombian period During the pre-Colombian period, the area now known as Colombia was inhabited by many different indigenous peoples with various kinds of organizations and levels of... History of Colombia
• This is the history of Ecuador. See also the history of South America and the history of present-day nations and states. Pre-Colombian times and colonization Advanced indigenous cultures flourished in Ecuador long before the area was conquered by the Inca empire in the 15th century. In 1534, the... History of Ecuador
• This article needs cleanup. Please edit this article to conform to a higher standard of article quality. This is the history of Peru. The entry History of South America provides some broader context. Ancient history Archeological evidence shows signs of human culture in Peru from as early as c.10... History of Peru
• This is the history of Venezuela. See also the history of South America and the history of present-day nations and states. Spanish period At the time of the Spanish arrival, the indigenous people were mainly agriculturists and hunters living in groups along the coast, the Andean mountain range, and... History of Venezuela
• San Martin's War