NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Boleslaw Prus

Bolesław Prus (pronounced:

[bɔ'lεswaf 'prus]; August 20, 1847 – May 19, 1912), born Aleksander Głowacki, was a Polish journalist, short-story writer, and novelist. He is one of the most important figures in Polish letters, and one of the most distinctive voices in world literature. Boleslaw Prus This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Boleslaw Prus This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... The purpose of this page is to lay out our policies for handling sounds, and give people some useful information for handling sound files. ... August 20 is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1847 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... May 19 is the 139th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (140th in leap years). ... 1912 is a leap year starting on Monday. ... A journalist is a person who practices journalism, the gathering and dissemination of information about current events, trends, issues and people. ... A piece for violin and piano composed by George Gershwin in 1927. ... The term writer can apply to anyone who creates a written work, but the word more usually designates those who write creatively or professionally, or those who have written in many different forms. ... A novel is an extended work of written, narrative, prose fiction, usually in story form; the writer of a novel is a novelist. ... Poland — Polish literature Writers and novelists Main article: List of Polish language authors Writers in chronological order of birth: Jan Potocki (1761–1815) Józef Ignacy Kraszewski (1812–1887) Eliza Orzeszkowa (1841–1910) Henryk Sienkiewicz (1846–1916) Bolesław Prus (1847–1912) Stefan Żeromski (1864–1925) Władysław Reymont (1867–1925) Zofia Nałkowska... The World in plate carrÃ©e projection The World In English, world is rooted in a compound of the obsolete words were, man, and eld, age; thus, its oldest meaning is Age of Man. ... Open Directory Project: Literature World Literature Electronic Text Archives Magazines and E-zines Online Writing Writers Resources Libraries, Digital Cataloguing, Metadata Distance Learning Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Classicism in Literature The Universal Library, by Carnegie Mellon University Project Gutenberg Online Library Abacci - Project Gutenberg texts matched with Amazon...

An indelible mark was left on Prus by his experiences as a 15-year-old soldier in Poland's 1863 Uprising, in which he suffered severe battle contusions and imprisonment by Tsarist Russian authorities. At age 25 he settled into a distinguished 40-year career in journalism. As a sideline, he began writing short stories. The night of January 22, 1863, was the beginning of the new uprising against Russian rule in Poland. ... A prison is a place in which people are confined and deprived of a range of liberties. ... Росси́йская Импе́рия, (also Imperial Russia) covers the period of Russian history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great into the Russian Empire stretching from the Baltic to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposition of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start of the Russian Revolution... In politics, authority generally refers to the ability to make laws, independent of the power to enforce them, or the ability to permit something. ... Journalism is a discipline of collecting, verifying, analyzing and presenting information gathered regarding current events, including trends, issues and people. ... This article is in need of attention. ...

Between 1886 and 1895 Prus completed four major novels. Perennial favorites with his countrymen are The Doll and Pharaoh. The Doll describes the romantic infatuation of a man of action who is frustrated by the backwardness of his society. Pharaoh, Prus' only historical novel, while reflecting the Polish national experience, also offers a unique vision of ancient Egypt at the fall of its 20th Dynasty and New Kingdom. 1886 is a common year starting on Friday (click on link to calendar) // Events January 18 - Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. ... 1895 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... DeFoes Robinson Crusoe, Newspaper edition published in 1719 A novel (from French nouvelle, new) is an extended fictional narrative in prose. ... Pharaoh (Polish: Faraon) is the fourth and last of the major novels by Bolesław Prus. ... An historical novel is a novel in which the story is set among historical events, or more generally, where the time the action takes place in predates the lifetime of the author -- distinguish and contrast the alternate history genre. ... Map of Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt as a general historical term broadly refers to the civilization of the Lower Nile Valley, between the First Cataract and the mouths of the Nile Delta, from circa 3300 BC until the conquest of Alexander the Great in 332 BC. As a civilization based... History of Ancient Egypt, Twentieth Dynasty The Twentieth Dynasty was founded by Setnakhte, but its only important member was Rameses III, who modelled his career after Rameses II the Great. ... The New Kingdom is the period in Egyptian history between the 16th century BCE and the 11th century BCE, covering the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Dynasties of Egypt. ...

Biography

Born Aleksander Głowacki, Bolesław Prus fought in Poland's 1863 Uprising, the orphaned younger brother of an insurgent leader, Leon Glowacki. (Leon during the Uprising developed a mental illness that would end only with his death in 1907.) On September 1, 1863, twelve days after his sixteenth birthday, Prus suffered severe battle contusions and was captured by Tsarist Russian forces. Eventually released on account of his youth, in 1866 he completed high school and enrolled in science at Warsaw University. The night of January 22, 1863, was the beginning of the new uprising against Russian rule in Poland. ... 1907 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years). ... 1863 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... A bruise or contusion or ecchymoses is a kind of injury, usually caused by blunt impact, in which the capillaries are damaged, allowing blood to seep into the surrounding tissue. ... Росси́йская Импе́рия, (also Imperial Russia) covers the period of Russian history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great into the Russian Empire stretching from the Baltic to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposition of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start of the Russian Revolution... 1866 is a common year starting on Monday. ... Warsaw University (Polish Uniwersytet Warszawski) - the biggest and one of the most prestigious universities in Poland. ...

His studies were cut short by financial straits and dissatisfaction with the educational experience. In 1869 he enrolled at the newly opened Agricultural and Forestry Institute in Puławy, where he had spent part of his childhood; he was, however, soon expelled after a classroom confrontation with a Russian professor. Henceforth he studied on his own while supporting himself as a tutor, factory worker, and from 1872 a journalist. Journalism would become his school of writing. 1869 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Puławy is a city in eastern Poland, in Lublin Voivodship (province), on the Wisła (Vistula) River. ... 1872 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

After he began regular weekly newspaper columns, his finances stabilized, permitting him to marry a cousin. The couple never had children of their own. A foster son — the model for Rascal in chapter 48 of Pharaoh — would in 1904, at age eighteen, shoot himself dead on the doorstep of an unrequited love. Prus may in 1906, at fifty-nine, have had a son who would die in a German camp after the suppression of the 1944 Warsaw Uprising. 1904 is a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1906 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1944 was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Warsaw Uprising (Powstanie Warszawskie) was an armed struggle during the Second World War by the Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa) to liberate Warsaw from German occupation and Nazi rule. ...

Prus, as a disciple of August Comte's Positivist philosophy — although he was a talented writer, at first best known for his humorist writing — early on thought little of his journalistic and literary productions; hence he adopted a pen name, "Prus" being his family coat of arms. In 1882 he assumed the editorship of a Warsaw daily, resolving to make it "an observatory of societal facts" — an instrument for fostering the development of his country, which between 1772 and 1795 had been partitioned out of political existence by three of its neighbors. After less than a year, however, Nowiny (News) folded, and Prus resumed writing columns. In time he adopted the French critic Hippolyte Taine's concept of the arts, including literature, as a second means, alongside the sciences, of studying reality; and as a sideline he turned his hand to penning short stories. Auguste Comte Auguste Comte (full name Isidore Marie Auguste François Xavier Comte) (January 17 (recorded January 19), 1798 _ September 5, 1857) was a positivist thinker and a founder of the discipline of sociology. ... Positivism can have several meanings. ... Philosophy is a discipline or field of study involving the investigation, analysis, and development of ideas at a general, abstract, or fundamental level. ... A humorist is an author who specializes in short, humorous articles or essays. ... Prus - is a Polish Coat of Arms. ... 1882 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Warsaw (Polish: Warszawa, see also other names, in full The Capital City of Warsaw, Polish: Miasto StoÅ‚eczne Warszawa) is the capital of Poland and its largest city. ... 1772 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1795 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... A critic (derived from the ancient Greek word krites meaning a judge) is a person who offers a value judgement or an interpretation. ... Portrait of Hippolyte Taine on French postage stamp of 1966 Hippolyte Adolphe Taine (April 21, 1828 - March 5, 1893) was a French critic and historian. ... Resources ArtLex. ... Open Directory Project: Literature World Literature Electronic Text Archives Magazines and E-zines Online Writing Writers Resources Libraries, Digital Cataloguing, Metadata Distance Learning Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Classicism in Literature The Universal Library, by Carnegie Mellon University Project Gutenberg Online Library Abacci - Project Gutenberg texts matched with Amazon... // What is science? There are different theories of what science is. ... This article is in need of attention. ...

Eventually he would compose four major novels on great questions of the day: The Outpost (1886) on the Polish peasant; The Doll (1889) on the aristocracy and townspeople, and on idealists struggling to bring about social reforms; The New Woman (1893) on feminist concerns; and his only historical novel, Pharaoh (1895), on mechanisms of political power. DeFoes Robinson Crusoe, Newspaper edition published in 1719 A novel (from French nouvelle, new) is an extended fictional narrative in prose. ... 1886 is a common year starting on Friday (click on link to calendar) // Events January 18 - Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. ... 1889 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1893 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... An historical novel is a novel in which the story is set among historical events, or more generally, where the time the action takes place in predates the lifetime of the author -- distinguish and contrast the alternate history genre. ... Pharaoh (Polish: Faraon) is the fourth and last of the major novels by Bolesław Prus. ... 1895 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Elections and Parties Series Democracy Representative democracy History of democracy Referenda Liberal democracy Representation Voting Voting systems Ideology Elections Elections by country Elections by calender Electoral systems Politics Politics by country Political campaigns Political science Political philosophy Related topics Political parties Parties by country Parties by name Parties by... The concept of power occurs in multiple areas. ...

Pharaoh, depicting the demise of Egypt's New Kingdom three thousand years earlier, also reflects Poland's loss of independence a century before, in 1795: an independence whose post-World War I restoration Prus would not live to see. On May 19, 1912, at his Warsaw apartment, Prus' forty-year journalistic and literary career ended with his death. The beloved agoraphobic author was mourned by the nation that he had striven, as soldier, thinker and writer, to rescue from oblivion. Pharaoh (Polish: Faraon) is the fourth and last of the major novels by Bolesław Prus. ... 1795 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... World War I was primarily a European conflict with many facets: immense human sacrifice, stalemate trench warfare, and the use of new, devastating weapons - tanks, aircraft, machineguns, and poison gas. ... May 19 is the 139th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (140th in leap years). ... 1912 is a leap year starting on Monday. ... Warsaw (Polish: Warszawa, see also other names, in full The Capital City of Warsaw, Polish: Miasto StoÅ‚eczne Warszawa) is the capital of Poland and its largest city. ... Agoraphobia is a form of anxiety disorder. ...

Half a century later, on December 3, 1961, a museum devoted to Prus was opened in the Małachowski Palace at Nałęczów, where Prus had vacationed for thirty years. December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1961 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Nałęczów is a spa town (population 4,800) in Polands Lublin Voivodship (province), situated on the Nałęczów Plateau. ...

It has been observed that, while Prus espoused a Positivist outlook, much in his fiction writing shows qualities compatible with pre-1863-Uprising Polish Romantic literature (although he himself wrote little verse). Indeed, he held some of the Polish Romantic poets, such as Adam Mickiewicz, in high regard. Prus' novels in turn, especially The Doll and Pharaoh, with their innovative composition techniques, blazed the way for the 20th-century Polish novel. This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The night of January 22, 1863, was the beginning of the new uprising against Russian rule in Poland. ... Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in late 18th century Western Europe. ... Romance or romantic can refer to: Romance (genre) - a style of Medieval narrative fiction. ... Poets are authors of poems, or of other forms of poetry such as dramatic verse. ... Adam Bernard Mickiewicz (December 24, 1798 â€“ November 26, 1855) was one of the most well-known Polish poets and writers, considered as the greatest Polish poet, besides Zygmunt KrasiÅ„ski and Juliusz SÅ‚owacki. ... Composition deals with the bits and pieces that make up things. ... The 20th century lasted from 1901 to 2000 in the Gregorian calendar. ... DeFoes Robinson Crusoe, Newspaper edition published in 1719 A novel (from French nouvelle, new) is an extended fictional narrative in prose. ...

The Doll was considered by Nobel laureate Czesław Miłosz to be the best Polish novel. The New Woman was deemed by Joseph Conrad to be "better than Dickens" (a favorite author of Conrad's). Pharaoh, a brilliant evocation of "the oldest civilization in the world," became Joseph Stalin's favorite novel, prefigured the fate of President John F. Kennedy, and continues to point analogies to our own times. The Doll and Pharaoh, two of the preeminent achievements in Polish literature, are available in good English translations. Nobel, (Swedish pronuncaition: nou´bell ), can mean: Nobel Prize - awarded annually since 1901, from the bequest of Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel Nobel Prize in Physics Nobel Prize in Chemistry Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Nobel Prize for Literature Nobel Peace Prize Laureates/Winners of the Nobel Prize By Country... Czesław Miłosz in September 1999 Czesław Miłosz (pronounced [ʧεsȗav miȗɔʃ]; June 30, 1911–August 14, 2004) was a Polish poet and essayist. ... DeFoes Robinson Crusoe, Newspaper edition published in 1719 A novel (from French nouvelle, new) is an extended fictional narrative in prose. ... Joseph Conrad Joseph Conrad (December 3, 1857 â€“ August 3, 1924) was a naturalized British novelist of Polish origin. ... Charles Dickens used his rich imagination, sense of humour and detailed memories, particularly of his childhood, to enliven his fiction. ... Pharaoh (Polish: Faraon) is the fourth and last of the major novels by Bolesław Prus. ... Joseph Stalin? (December 21, 1879 â€“ March 5, 1953) was the leader of the Soviet Union from mid-1920s to his death in 1953 and General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922-1953), a position which had later become that of party leader. ... JFK redirects here. ... Pharaoh (Polish: Faraon) is the fourth and last of the major novels by Bolesław Prus. ... Poland — Polish literature Writers and novelists Main article: List of Polish language authors Writers in chronological order of birth: Jan Potocki (1761–1815) Józef Ignacy Kraszewski (1812–1887) Eliza Orzeszkowa (1841–1910) Henryk Sienkiewicz (1846–1916) Bolesław Prus (1847–1912) Stefan Żeromski (1864–1925) Władysław Reymont (1867–1925) Zofia Nałkowska...

In 1897-1899 Prus serialized in the Warsaw Daily Courier (Kurier Codzienny) a monograph on The Most General Life Ideals (Najogólniejsze ideały życiowe), which systematized ideas that he had developed over his career regarding happiness, utility and perfection in the lives of individuals and societies. In it he returned to the society-organizing (i.e. political) interests that had been frustrated during his Nowiny editorship fifteen years earlier. A book edition appeared in 1901 (2nd, revised edition, 1905). This work retains interest especially for philosophers and social scientists. 1897 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1899 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Serial is a term, originating in literature, for a format by which a story is told in contiguous installments in sequential issues of a single periodical publication. ... Happiness is a condition which humans can have. ... This article is about utility in economics and in game theory. ... Six Sigma is a quality management program to achieve six sigma levels of quality. ... ... An organization is a formal group of people with one or more shared goals. ... The Elections and Parties Series Democracy Representative democracy History of democracy Referenda Liberal democracy Representation Voting Voting systems Ideology Elections Elections by country Elections by calender Electoral systems Politics Politics by country Political campaigns Political science Political philosophy Related topics Political parties Parties by country Parties by name Parties by... 1901 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1905 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Philosophy is a discipline or field of study involving the investigation, analysis, and development of ideas at a general, abstract, or fundamental level. ... Terms like SOSE (Studies of Society & the Environment) not only refer to social sciences but also studies of the environment. ...

Another of Prus' learned projects remained incomplete at his death. He had sought, over his writing career, to develop a coherent theory of literary composition. Intriguing extant notes from 1886-1912 were never put together into a finished book as intended. The word theory has a number distinct meanings depending on the context. ... Open Directory Project: Literature World Literature Electronic Text Archives Magazines and E-zines Online Writing Writers Resources Libraries, Digital Cataloguing, Metadata Distance Learning Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Classicism in Literature The Universal Library, by Carnegie Mellon University Project Gutenberg Online Library Abacci - Project Gutenberg texts matched with Amazon... Composition deals with the bits and pieces that make up things. ... 1886 is a common year starting on Friday (click on link to calendar) // Events January 18 - Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. ... 1912 is a leap year starting on Monday. ...

Chief novels

1886 is a common year starting on Friday (click on link to calendar) // Events January 18 - Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. ... 1889 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1893 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Pharaoh (Polish: Faraon) is the fourth and last of the major novels by Bolesław Prus. ... 1895 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

Contents

Biography

Chief novels

See also

References

External links

Contents

Biography GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Chief novels

See also

References

External links

Biography