Bolívar's War refers to a series of independence wars in South America from 1811 to 1825 led by the famous South American nationalist and general Simón Bolívar. These wars eventually led to the independence of several South American states from the colonial rule of Spain. South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... 1811 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Events January 4 - King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies dies and is succeeded by his son Francis I of the Two Sicilies. ... Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios ( July 24, 1783 – December 17, 1830) was a South American revolutionary leader. ... The Kingdom of Spain or Spain ( Spanish: Reino de España or España; Catalan: Regne dEspanya; Basque: Espainiako Erresuma; Galician: Reino da España) is a country located in the southwest of Europe. ...

Beginning of the independence movement

Independence movements in the northern regions of Spanish South America had an inauspicious beginning in 1806. The small group of foreign volunteers that the Venezuelan revolutionary Francisco de Miranda brought to his homeland failed to incite the populace to rise against Spanish rule. Creoles in the region wanted an expansion of the free trade that was benefiting their plantation economy. At the same time, however, they feared that the removal of Spanish control might bring about a revolution that would destroy their own power. Spanish colonization of the Americas began with the arrival in the Americas of Christopher Columbus in 1492. ... Events January 8 - Cape Colony becomes a British colony January 10 - Dutch in Cape Town surrender to the British January 19 - The United Kingdom occupies the Cape of Good Hope February 6 - Royal Navy victory off Santo Domingo - see:Action of 6 February 1806 March 23 - After traveling through the... The Revolutionary: Francisco de Miranda Francisco de Miranda (Caracas, Venezuela, March 28, 1750 - Cádiz, Spain, July 14, 1816), South American revolutionary, whose own plan for the independence of the Spanish American colonies failed, but is regarded as a forerunner of Bolívar and other more effective American fighters for...

Creole elites in Venezuela had good reason to fear such a possibility, for one such revolution had recently exploded in the French Caribbean colony of Saint-Domingue. Beginning in 1791, a massive slave revolt sparked a general insurrection against the plantation system and French colonial power. The rebellion developed into both a civil war, pitting blacks and mulattos against whites, and an international conflict, as England and Spain supported the white plantation owners and rebels, respectively. By the first years of the 19th century, the rebels had shattered what had been a model colony and forged the independent nation of Haiti. Partly inspired by those Caribbean events, slaves in Venezuela carried out their own uprisings in the 1790s. Just as it served as a beacon of hope for the enslaved, Haiti was a warning of everything that might go wrong for elites in the cacao-growing areas of Venezuela and throughout slave societies in the Americas. The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: República Bolivariana de Venezuela)1 is a country in northern South America. ... Events January 25 - The British Parliament passes the Constitutional Act of 1791, splitting the old province of Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada March 3 - The U.S. Congress passes a resolution calling for the establishment of the United States Mint (U.S. Mint not created until next year). ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Official language None; English is de facto Capital London Capitals coordinates 51° 30 N, 0° 10 W Largest city London Area  - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831... The Kingdom of Spain or Spain ( Spanish: Reino de España or España; Catalan: Regne dEspanya; Basque: Espainiako Erresuma; Galician: Reino da España) is a country located in the southwest of Europe. ... Haiti is a country situated on the western third of the island of Hispaniola and the smaller islands of Gonâve, Tortue (Tortuga), Grande Caye, and Vache in the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba; the Dominican Republic shares Hispaniola with Haiti. ...

Independence movement in New Granada

Creole anxieties also contributed to the persistence of a strong loyalist faction in the Viceroyalty of New Granada, but they did not prevent the rise of an independence struggle there. Creoles organized revolutionary governments that proclaimed social and economic reforms in 1810 and openly declared a break with Spain the following year. Forces loyal to Spain fought the patriots from the start, leading to a pattern much like that which characterized the Plata: patriot rebels held the capital city and its surroundings but could not dominate large sections of the countryside. Some interpreted an 1812 earthquake that wreaked particular destruction on patriot-held areas as a sign of divine displeasure with the rebels. The year 1812 certainly was the onset of a difficult period for the independence armies of New Granada. Loyalist forces crushed the rebels' military, driving Bolívar into temporary exile. New Granada was the name given to a group of colonial provinces in northern South America, corresponding mainly to modern Colombia. ... 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Events January 1 - the Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, the Austrian civil code enters into force in the Austrian Empire February 2 - Russia establishes a fur trading colony at Fort Ross, California February 7 - The strongest in a series of massive earthquakes near New Madrid, Missouri, est. ... New Granada was the name given to a group of colonial provinces in northern South America, corresponding mainly to modern Colombia. ...

Bolívar's Campaigns

Venezuelan War of Independence 1811-12

For details, see Venezuelan War of Independence Venezuelan Independence War in 1811-1812 was Venezuelas first war for independence from Spanish colonial rule. ...

Venezuela declared its independence from Spain July 5, 1811, beginning its wars against that country. July 5 is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 179 days remaining. ... 1811 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1812 Spanish forces led by General Juan Monteverde defeated the Venezuelan revolutionary army, led by Francisco de Miranda, which surrendered at La Victoria in July 12, 1812, effectively ending the first phase of the revolutionary war; Simón Bolívar and other revolutionary leaders fled abroad. July 12 is the 193rd day (194th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 172 days remaining. ... Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios ( July 24, 1783 – December 17, 1830) was a South American revolutionary leader. ...

Bolívar in Venezuela 1813-14

For details, see Bolívar in Venezuela 1813-14 Simón Bolívars Campaign in Venezuela 1813-14 was Venezuelas second war of independence against Spain and part of Bolívars War in South America. ...

Returning to Venezuela, Bolívar's forces defeated Juan Monteverde's Spanish army in a series of battles, taking Caracas on August 6, 1813, and besieging Monteverde at Puerto Cabello in September 1813. Cerro Avila, Caracas. ... August 6 is the 218th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (219th in leap years), with 147 days remaining. ...

In 1814 Heavily reinforced Spanish forces in Venezuela lost a series of battles to Bolívar's forces but decisively defeated Bolívar at La Puerta in June 15, 1814, took Caracus July 16, 1814, and again defeated his army at Aragua in August 18, 1814, at a cost of 2,000 Spanish casualties of 10,000 engaged and most of the 3,000 in the rebel army. Bolívar then fled into exile. 1814 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... June 15 is the 166th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (167th in leap years), with 199 days remaining. ... July 16 is the 197th day (198th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 168 days remaining. ... Estado Aragua is located in the north-central region of Venezuela. ... August 18 is the 230th day of the year (231st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...

Spanish Invasion of New Granada 1815-1816

For details, see Spanish Invasion of New Granada Spanish Invasion of New Granada in 1815-1816 was part of Bolívars War in South America. ...

By 1815 the independence movements in Venezuela and almost all across Spanish South America seemed moribund. A large military expedition sent by Ferdinand VII in that year reconquered Venezuela and most of New Granada. Yet another invasion led by Bolívar in 1816 failed miserably. 1815 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Ferdinand VII (October 14, 1784 - September 29, 1833) was King of Spain from 1813 to 1833. ... Events March 25 - Friedrich Karl Ludwig, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck dies and is succeeded by the later Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, his son and founder of the Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg. ...

Bolívar in Venezuela 1815-16

For details, see Bolívar in Venezuela 1815-16

Bolívar returned to Venezuela in December 1816, again leading a largely unsuccessful insurrection against Spain in 1816-18.

Bolívar in New Granada

For details, see Bolívar in New Granada Bolívars campaign in New Granada in 1819-1820 was part of Bolívars War, struggle for Independence from Spanish Colonial rule of South America led by Simón Bolívar. ...

In 1819 Bolívar's forces crossed the Andes into New Granada in June-July 1819. At Boyaca August 7, his army of 2,000 defeated a Spanish and colonial force of 3,000. In spring 1820 Bolívar's republican forces took Bogota; he then became the first president of the Colombian republic. 1819 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Note that the geology in this article currently reflects views from the first decade of the 20th century. ... New Granada was the name given to a group of colonial provinces in northern South America, corresponding mainly to modern Colombia. ... Boyac is a department of Colombia, one of the original nine states of the United States of Colombia. Boyac is centrally located within Colombia, almost entirely within the mountains of Eastern Cordillera, although the western end of the department extends to the Magdalena River at the town of Puerto Boyac . ... August 7 is the 219th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (220th in leap years), with 146 days remaining. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The Republic of Colombia is a country in north-western South America. ...

Bolívar in Venezuela 1821

For details, see Bolívar in Venezuela 1821

Bolívar returned to Venezuela in April 1821, leading an army of 7,000 from New Granada. At Carabobo, June 25, his forces decisively defeated Spanish and colonial forces, winning Venezuelan independence, although hostilities continued. Events February 23 - The Philadelphia College of Apothecaries founds the first pharmacy college. ... The Battle of Carabobo was fought between South American patriots led by Simon Bolivar and Spain. ... June 25 is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 189 days remaining. ...

Republican Campaign in Ecuador

For details, see Republican Campaign in Ecuador

At Pinchincha, Ecuador in May 24, 1822, General Antonio de Sucre's Venezuelan forces defeated Spanish and colonial forces defending Quito, conquering the city. The Republic of Ecuador is a country in northwestern South America, bounded by Colombia on the north, by Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean on the west. ... May 24 is the 144th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (145th in leap years). ... Events March 30 - Florida becomes a United States territory. ... Antonio José de Sucre (1795-1830) was a South American independence leader, one of Simón Bolívars closest friends. ... Quito is the capital city of Ecuador. ...

Republican Campaign in Bolivia

For details, see Bolivian Independence War Bolivia proclaimed independence in 1809, but 16 years of struggle followed before the establishment of the republic. ...

Bolívar was now president of Gran Colombia and Peru. Only a small section of the continent in Upper Peru was still defended by royalist forces. The liberation of this region fell to Antonio de Sucre, and in April of 1825 he reported that the task had been terminated. The new nation chose to be called Bolivia after the name of the Liberator. Map showing Gran Colombia The Republic of Gran Colombia, or Greater Colombia, was a short-lived republic in South America consisting of present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama. ... The Republic of Peru (Spanish: Perú; Quechua, Aymara: Piruw) is a country in western South America, bordering with Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, Bolivia to the east, south-east and south, Chile to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. ... The Republic of Bolivia is a landlocked country in central South America. ... Events January 4 - King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies dies and is succeeded by his son Francis I of the Two Sicilies. ...

Aftermath of Bolívar's War

Simón Bolívar had a dream of uniting all South American, Central American and Caribbean countries and turning them into a single, economically independent country, which he had planned to name The United States of Latin America. However internal divisions had sparked in wars, and the fragile South American coalition collapsed. South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... Central America is the region of North America located between the southern border of Mexico and the northwest border of Colombia, in South America. ... The Caribbean or the West Indies is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea. ...

See also

• History of Bolivia
• History of Colombia
• History of Ecuador
• History of Peru
• History of Venezuela
• San Martin's War