|
Bones are rigid organs that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They function to move, support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals. Because bones come in a variety of shapes and have a complex internal and external structure, they are lightweight, yet strong and hard, in addition to fulfilling their many other functions. One of the types of tissues that makes up bone is the mineralized osseous tissue, also called bone tissue, that gives it rigidity and honeycomb-like three-dimensional internal structure. Other types of tissue found in bones include marrow, endosteum and periosteum, nerves, blood vessels and cartilage. There are 206 bones in the adult body and about 300 bones in the infant body. Osseous tissue, or bone tissue is the major structural and supportive connective tissue of the body. ...
Look up bone in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
An illustration from the 1918 edition Henry Grays Anatomy of the Human Body (or Grays Anatomy as it has more commonly become known) is an anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on human anatomy. ...
The femur or thigh bone is the longest, most voluminous, and strongest bone of the mammalian bodies. ...
This article is about the biological unit. ...
Endoskeleton of a swordfish An endoskeleton is an internal support structure of an animal. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
“Red cell†redirects here. ...
White Blood Cells redirects here. ...
Osseous tissue, or bone tissue is the major structural and supportive connective tissue of the body. ...
For the Dir en grey album, see The Marrow of a Bone. ...
Endosteum is the inner lining of the bone. ...
The periosteum is an envelope of fibrous connective tissue that is wrapped around the bone in all places except at joints (which are protected by cartilage). ...
For other uses, see Nerve (disambiguation). ...
f you all The blood vessels are part of the circulatory system and function to transport blood throughout the body. ...
Cartilage is a type of dense connective tissue. ...
[edit] Functions Bones have eight main functions: - Protection — Bones can serve to protect internal organs, such as the skull protecting the brain or the ribs protecting the heart and lungs.
- Shape — Bones provide a frame to keep the body supported.
- Blood production — The marrow, located within the medullary cavity of long bones and the interstices of cancellous bone, produces blood cells in a process called haematopoiesis.
- Mineral storage — Bones act as reserves of minerals important for the body, most notably calcium and phosphorus.
- Movement — Bones, skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints function together to generate and transfer forces so that individual body parts or the whole body can be manipulated in three-dimensional space. The interaction between bone and muscle is studied in biomechanics.
- Acid-base balance — Bone buffers the blood against excessive pH changes by absorbing or releasing alkaline salts.
- Detoxification — Bone tissues can also store heavy metals and other foreign elements, removing them from the blood and reducing their effects on other tissues. These can later be gradually released for excretion.[citation needed]
- Sound transduction — Bones are important in the mechanical aspect of hearing.
For other uses of Skull, see Skull (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Brain (disambiguation). ...
The human rib cage. ...
The heart and lungs, from an older edition of Grays Anatomy. ...
The heart and lungs (from an older edition of Grays Anatomy) The lung is an organ belonging to the respiratory system and interfacing to the circulatory system of air-breathing vertebrates. ...
For the Dir en grey album, see The Marrow of a Bone. ...
The medullary cavity is the central cavity of bone shafts where yellow marrow (adipose tissue) is stored. ...
Diagram that shows the development of different blood cells from hematopoietic stem cell to mature cells Haematopoiesis (from Ancient Greek: haima blood; poiesis to make) (or hematopoiesis in the United States; sometimes also haemopoiesis or hemopoiesis) is the formation of blood cellular components. ...
For other uses, see Calcium (disambiguation). ...
General Name, symbol, number phosphorus, P, 15 Chemical series nonmetals Group, period, block 15, 3, p Appearance waxy white/ red/ black/ colorless Standard atomic weight 30. ...
A top-down view of skeletal muscle Skeletal muscle is a type of striated muscle, usually attached to the skeleton. ...
A tendon or sinew is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue, attached on one end to a muscle and on the other to a bone. ...
In anatomy, the term ligament is used to denote three different types of structures:[1] Fibrous tissue that connects bones to other bones. ...
For other uses, see Joint (disambiguation). ...
Biomechanics is the research and analysis of the mechanics of living organisms or the application and derivation of engineering principles to and from biological systems. ...
For other uses, see Heavy metal (disambiguation). ...
Hearing (or audition) is one of the traditional five senses, and refers to the ability to detect sound. ...
[edit] Characteristics The primary tissue of bone, osseous tissue, is a relatively hard and lightweight composite material, formed mostly of calcium phosphate in the chemical arrangement termed calcium hydroxylapatite (this is the osseous tissue that gives bones their rigidity). It has relatively high compressive strength but poor tensile strength, meaning it resists pushing forces well, but not pulling forces. While bone is essentially brittle, it does have a significant degree of elasticity, contributed chiefly by collagen. All bones consist of living cells embedded in the mineralized organic matrix that makes up the osseous tissue. Osseous tissue, or bone tissue is the major structural and supportive connective tissue of the body. ...
The Rockwell scale characterizes the indentation hardness of materials through the depth of penetration of an indenter, loaded on a material sample and compared to the penetration in some reference material. ...
A cloth of woven carbon fiber filaments, a common element in composite materials Composite materials (or composites for short) are engineered materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties and which remain separate and distinct on a macroscopic level within the finished structure. ...
Calcium phosphate is the name given to a family of minerals containing calcium ions (Ca2+) together with orthophosphates (PO43-), metaphosphates or pyrophosphates (P2O74-) and occasionally hydrogen or hydroxide ions. ...
Hydroxylapatite is a naturally occurring form of calcium apatite with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH), but is usually written Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 to denote that the crystal unit cell comprises two molecules. ...
Osseous tissue, or bone tissue is the major structural and supportive connective tissue of the body. ...
Compressive strength is the capacity of a material to withstand axially directed pushing forces. ...
Tensile strength isthe measures the force required to pull something such as rope, wire, or a structural beam to the point where it breaks. ...
Elasticity is a branch of physics which studies the properties of elastic materials. ...
Tropocollagen triple helix. ...
Drawing of the structure of cork as it appeared under the microscope to Robert Hooke from Micrographia which is the origin of the word cell being used to describe the smallest unit of a living organism Cells in culture, stained for keratin (red) and DNA (green) The cell is the...
[edit] Masto-structure
[edit] Gross anatomy - See also: Human skeleton and List of bones of the human skeleton
| Bones of head and neck: the facial bones of the skull | | | Maxilla | | Surfaces | Anterior: fossae ( Incisive fossa, Canine fossa) - Infraorbital foramen - Anterior nasal spine Infratemporal: Alveolar canals - Maxillary tuberosity Front view of a skeleton of an adult human Back view of a skeleton of an adult human The human skeleton consists of both fused and individual bones supported and supplemented by ligaments, tendons, muscles and cartilage. ...
A typical adult human skeleton consists of the following 206 bones depending on age, though this number does vary owing to a variety of anatomical variations; for example, a small portion of the human population have an extra rib, or an extra lumbar vertebra. ...
diagram of the axial skeleton The axial skeleton consists of the 80 bones in the head and trunk of the human body. ...
Appendicular skeleton diagram The appendicular skeleton, consisting of 126 bones, makes body movement possible and protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction. ...
The vertebral column seen from the side Different regions (curvatures) of the vertebral column The vertebral column (backbone or spine) is a column of vertebrae situated in the dorsal aspect of the abdomen. ...
A diagram of a thoracic vertebra. ...
In vertebrates, cervical vertebrae (singular: vertebra) are those vertebrae immediately behind (caudal to) the skull. ...
A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ...
The lumbar vertebrae are the largest segments of the movable part of the vertebral column, and are characterized by the absence of the foramen transversarium within the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body. ...
For the record label, see Sacrum Torch. ...
The coccyx is formed of up to five vertebrae. ...
Male Chest The chest is a part of the anatomy of humans and various other animals. ...
The sternum (from Greek στÎÏνον, sternon, chest) or breastbone is a long, flat bone located in the center of the thorax (chest). ...
The human rib cage is a part of the human skeleton within the thoracic area. ...
For other uses of Skull, see Skull (disambiguation). ...
The occipital bone, a saucer-shaped membrane bone situated at the back and lower part of the cranium, is trapezoid in shape and curved on itself. ...
The parietal bones (os parietale) are bones in the human skull and form, by their union, the sides and roof of the cranium. ...
The frontal bone (os frontale, TA: A02. ...
The temporal bones (os temporales) are situated at the sides and base of the skull. ...
The sphenoid bone (from Greek sphenoeides, wedgelike) is a bone situated at the base of the skull in front of the temporals and basilar part of the occipital bone. ...
Your skull is in your back (this is obviously not true, I was just testing the website to see if it really works) The ethmoid bone (os ethmoidale) is a bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. ...
For other uses of Skull, see Skull (disambiguation). ...
The Nasal Bones (Ossa Faciei & Ossa Nasalia) are two small oblong bones, varying in size and form in different individuals; they are placed side by side at the middle and upper part of the face, and form, by their junction, the bridge of the nose. ...
The maxilla (plural: maxillae) is a fusion of two bones along the palatal fissure that form the upper jaw. ...
The lacrimal bone (Os Lacrimale), the smallest and most fragile bone of the face, is situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit . ...
The zygomatic bone (malar bone) is a paired bone of the human skull. ...
The palatine bone is a bone situated at the back part of the nasal cavity between the maxilla and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid. ...
The inferior nasal concha (Inferior Turbinated Bone) extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity [Fig. ...
The vomer bone is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull. ...
The mandible (from Latin mandibÅla, jawbone) or inferior maxillary bone is, together with the maxilla, the largest and strongest bone of the face. ...
The hyoid bone (Os Hyoideum; Lingual Bone) is a bone in the human neck, not articulated to any other bone; it is supported by the muscles of the neck and in turn supports the root of the tongue. ...
The hyoid bone (Os Hyoideum; Lingual Bone) is a bone in the human neck, not articulated to any other bone; it is supported by the muscles of the neck and in turn supports the root of the tongue. ...
The greater cornua project backward from the lateral borders of the body; they are flattened from above downward and diminish in size from before backward; each ends in a tubercle to which is fixed the lateral hyothyroid ligament. ...
The hyoid bone (Lingual Bone) is a bone in the human neck, not articulated to any other bone; it is supported by the muscles of the neck and in turn supports the root of the tongue. ...
The body of hyoid bone or central part is of a quadrilateral form. ...
In humans, the upper limb is an anatomical term for the limb that is attached to the pectoral girdle. ...
The pectoral girdle is the set of bones which connect the upper limb to the axial skeleton on each side. ...
Collarbone and collar bone redirect here. ...
Left scapula - front view () Left scapula - rear view () In anatomy, the scapula, or shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). ...
Look up ARM in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
The humerus is a long bone in the arm or fore-legs (animals) that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. ...
The ulna (Elbow Bone) [Figs. ...
The radius is the bone of the forearm that extends from the outside of your limb to your phlangx (lateral) of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist. ...
For other uses, see Hand (disambiguation). ...
This article is about Carpal bones. ...
The scaphoid bone (hand navicular) of the wrist is found on the thumb side of the hand, within the anatomical snuffbox. ...
The lunate bone (os lunatum; semilunar bone) is a bone in the human hand that may be distinguished by its deep concavity and crescentic outline. ...
The triquetral bone (also called triquetral, os triquetrum, cuneiform bone, pyramidal bone, cubital bone, os pyramidale, os triangulare, three-cornered bone, and triangular bone) is a type of carpal bone. ...
The left pisiform bone. ...
The trapezium is a bone in the human hand. ...
In human anatomy, the trapezoid bone (lesser multangular bone; os multangulum minus) is a bone in the hands. ...
The capitate bone (os capitatum; os magnum) is a bone in the human hand. ...
The hamate bone (os hamatum; unciform bone) is a bone in the human hand that may be readily distinguished by its wedge-shaped form, and the hook-like process which projects from its volar surface. ...
The metacarpus is the intermediate part of the hand skeleton that is located between the fingers distally and the carpus which forms the connection to the forearm. ...
Proximal phalanges are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrates. ...
Intermediate phalanges are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrates. ...
Distal phalanges are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrate skeletons. ...
In humans, the lower limb is an anatomical term for the limb that is attached to the pelvic girlde, what is commonly referred to as the leg. ...
Human male pelvis, viewed from front Human female pelvis, viewed from front The pelvis is the bony structure located at the base of the spine (properly known as the caudal end). ...
The pelvis (pl. ...
The ilium of the pelvis is divisible into two parts, the body and the ala; the separation is indicated on the internal surface by a curved line, the arcuate line, and on the external surface by the margin of the acetabulum. ...
Human male pelvis, viewed from front Human female pelvis, viewed from front The pelvis is the bony structure located at the base of the spine (properly known as the caudal end). ...
The pubis, the anterior part of the hip bone, is divisible into a body, a superior and an inferior ramus. ...
Diagram of an insect leg A leg is the part of an animals body that supports the rest of the animal above the ground and is used for locomotion. ...
The femur or thigh bone is the longest, most voluminous, and strongest bone of the mammalian bodies. ...
For other uses, see Patella (disambiguation). ...
For other uses see fibula (disambiguation) The fibula or calf bone is a bone placed on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected above and below. ...
This article is about the vertebrate bone. ...
For other uses, see Foot (disambiguation). ...
FIG. 268– Bones of the right foot. ...
The calcaneus is the large bone making up the heel of the human foot. ...
See talus for other meanings of the word The talus bone or astragalus of the ankle joint connects the leg to the foot. ...
The navicular bone occurs in human and horse anatomy. ...
There are three cuneiform bones in the human foot: the medial cuneiform, the intermediate cuneiform and the lateral cuneiform. ...
The cuboid bone is one of seven Tarsal bones. ...
The metatarsus consists of the five long bones of the foot, which are numbered from the medial side (ossa metatarsalia I.-V.); each presents for examination a body and two extremities. ...
Proximal phalanges are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrates. ...
Intermediate phalanges are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrates. ...
Distal phalanges are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrate skeletons. ...
The ossicles (also called auditory ossicles) are the three smallest bones in the human body. ...
The malleus is hammer-shaped small bone or ossicle of the middle ear which connects with the incus and is attached to the inner surface of the eardrum. ...
This article refers to a bone in the mammalian ear. ...
The stapes or stirrup is the stirrup-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear which attaches the incus to the fenestra ovalis, the oval window which is adjacent to the vestibule of the inner ear. ...
An MRI scan of the head. ...
In humans, the adult skull is normally made up of 22 bones. ...
The maxilla (plural: maxillae) is a fusion of two bones along the palatal fissure that form the upper jaw. ...
The anterior surface is directed forward and lateralward. ...
On the anterior surface of the maxilla, just above the eminences corresponding to the incisor teeth is a depression, the incisive fossa, which gives origin to the Depressor alæ nasi; to the alveolar border below the fossa is attached a slip of the Orbicularis oris; above and a little lateral...
Lateral to the incisive fossa is another depression, the canine fossa; it is larger and deeper than the incisive fossa, and is separated from it by a vertical ridge, the canine eminence, corresponding to the socket of the canine tooth; the canine fossa gives origin to the Caninus. ...
Above the canine fossa is the infraorbital foramen, the end of the infraorbital canal; it transmits the infraorbital vessels and nerve. ...
Medially, the anterior surface of the maxilla is limited by a deep concavity, the nasal notch, the margin of which gives attachment to the Dilatator naris posterior and ends below in a pointed process, which with its fellow of the opposite side forms the anterior nasal spine. ...
The infratemporal surface is convex, directed backward and lateralward, and forms part of the infratemporal fossa. ...
The infratemporal surface of the maxilla is pierced about its center by the apertures of the alveolar canals, which transmit the posterior superior alveolar vessels and nerves. ...
At the lower part of the infratemporal surface of the maxilla is a rounded eminence, the maxillary tuberosity, especially prominent after the growth of the wisdom tooth; it is rough on its lateral side for articulation with the pyramidal process of the palatine bone and in some cases articulates with...
Orbital: Infraorbital groove - Infraorbital canal The orbital surface is smooth and triangular, and forms the greater part of the floor of the orbit. ...
Near the middle of the posterior part of the orbital surface of the maxilla is the infraorbital groove (or sulcus), for the passage of the infraorbital vessels and nerve. ...
One of the canals of the orbital surface of the maxilla, the infraorbital canal, opens just below the margin of the orbit. ...
Nasal: Pterygopalatine canal | | | Processes | Zygomatic process Frontal process (Agger nasi, Anterior lacrimal crest) The nasal surface presents a large, irregular opening leading into the maxillary sinus. ...
The greater palatine canal (or pterygopalatine canal) is a passage in the skull that transmits the greater palatine artery, vein, and nerve between the pterygopalatine fossa and the oral cavity. ...
The zygomatic process of the maxilla (malar process) is a rough triangular eminence, situated at the angle of separation of the anterior, zygomatic, and orbital surfaces. ...
The frontal process of the maxilla (nasal process) is a strong plate, which projects upward, medialward, and backward, by the side of the nose, forming part of its lateral boundary. ...
The agger nasi is a small ridge on the lateral side of the nasal cavity. ...
The lateral margin of the lacrimal fossa is named the anterior lacrimal crest, and is continuous below with the orbital margin; at its junction with the orbital surface is a small tubercle, the lacrimal tubercle, which serves as a guide to the position of the lacrimal sac. ...
Alveolar process The alveolar process is the thickened ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets on bones that bear teeth. ...
Palatine process ( Incisive foramen, Incisive canals, Foramina of Scarpa, Incisive bone, Anterior nasal spine) | | | Other | | | | | Zygomatic | | | | Palatine | | | | Mandible | | | Minor/
nose | Nasal bone: Internasal suture - Nasal foramina Inferior nasal concha: Ethmoidal process - Maxillary process The palatine process of the maxilla (palatal process), thick and strong, is horizontal and projects medialward from the nasal surface of the bone. ...
When the two maxillæ are articulated, a funnel-shaped opening, the incisive foramen, is seen in the middle line, immediately behind the incisor teeth. ...
In the opening of the incisive foramen, the orifices of two lateral canals are visible; they are named the incisive canals or foramina of Stenson; through each of them passes the terminal branch of the descending palatine artery and the nasopalatine nerve. ...
In the maxilla, occasionally two additional canals are present in the middle line of the palatine process; they are termed the foramina of Scarpa, and when present transmit the nasopalatine nerves, the left passing through the anterior, and the right through the posterior canal. ...
Medially, the anterior surface of the maxilla is limited by a deep concavity, the nasal notch, the margin of which gives attachment to the Dilatator naris posterior and ends below in a pointed process, which with its fellow of the opposite side forms the anterior nasal spine. ...
The body of the maxilla (corpus maxillae) is somewhat pyramidal in shape, and contains a large cavity, the maxillary sinus (antrum of Highmore). ...
The maxillary sinus is the largest paranasal sinus. ...
The zygomatic bone (malar bone) is a paired bone of the human skull. ...
Near the center of the temporal surface of the zygomatic bone is the zygomaticotemporal foramen for the transmission of the zygomaticotemporal nerve. ...
The malar surface of the zygomatic bone is convex and perforated near its center by a small aperture, the zygomaticofacial foramen, for the passage of the zygomaticofacial nerve and vessels; below this foramen is a slight elevation, which gives origin to the Zygomaticus. ...
The palatine bone is a bone situated at the back part of the nasal cavity between the maxilla and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid. ...
In the skull, the pterygopalatine fossa is the space between the lateral pterygoid plate (which is part of the sphenoid bone), and the palate. ...
The Pterygoid fossa, or the sphenoid bone is wedged between several other bones in the front of the cranium. ...
The horizontal part of the palatine bone (horizontal plate) is quadrilateral, and has two surfaces and four borders. ...
Its medial end of the posterior border of the horizontal plate of palatine bone is sharp and pointed, and, when united with that of the opposite bone, forms a projecting process, the posterior nasal spine for the attachment of the Musculus uvulæ. See also anterior nasal spine This article was...
The vertical part (perpendicular plate) of the palatine bone is thin, of an oblong form, and presents two surfaces and four borders. ...
The greater palatine canal (or pterygopalatine canal) is a passage in the skull that transmits the greater palatine artery, vein, and nerve between the pterygopalatine fossa and the oral cavity. ...
The processes of the superior border of the palatine bone are separated by the sphenopalatine notch, which is converted into the sphenopalatine foramen by the under surface of the body of the sphenoid. ...
The pyramidal process of the palatine bone projects backward and lateralward from the junction of the horizontal and vertical parts, and is received into the angular interval between the lower extremities of the pterygoid plates. ...
The orbital process of the palatine bone is placed on a higher level than the sphenoidal, and is directed upward and lateralward from the front of the vertical part, to which it is connected by a constricted neck. ...
The sphenoidal process is a thin, compressed plate, much smaller than the orbital, and directed upward and medialward. ...
The mandible (from Latin mandibÅla, jawbone) or inferior maxillary bone is, together with the maxilla, the largest and strongest bone of the face. ...
The body of the mandible is curved somewhat like a horseshoe and has two surfaces and two borders. ...
The external surface of the mandible is marked in the median line by a faint ridge, indicating the Symphysis menti or line of junction of the two pieces of which the bone is composed at an early period of life. ...
The symphysis of the external surface of the mandible divides below and encloses a triangular eminence, the mental protuberance, the base of which is depressed in the center but raised on either side to form the mental tubercle. ...
The mental foramen is a foramen in the mandible. ...
The mental spine is a small projection of bone on the posterior aspect of the mandible (jaw bone) in the midline. ...
Extending upward and backward on either side from the lower part of the symphysis of the Mandible is the mylohyoid line, which gives origin to the Mylohyoideus; the posterior part of this line, near the alveolar margin, gives attachment to a small part of the Constrictor pharyngis superior, and to...
(ramus mandibulæ; perpendicular portion) The ramus of the mandible is quadrilateral in shape, and has two surfaces, four borders, and two processes. ...
The margin of the mandibular foramen is irregular; it presents in front a prominent ridge, surmounted by a sharp spine, the lingula mandibulæ, which gives attachment to the sphenomandibular ligament; at its lower and back part is a notch from which the mylohyoid groove runs obliquely downward and forward, and...
The mandibular canal runs obliquely downward and forward in the ramus, and then horizontally forward in the body, where it is placed under the alveoli and communicates with them by small openings. ...
The Mandibular Foramen is an opening on the internal surface of the ramus for the mandibular vessels and nerve to pass. ...
At the junction of the lower border of the ramus of the mandible with the posterior border is the angle of the mandible, which may be either inverted or everted and is marked by rough, oblique ridges on each side, for the attachment of the Masseter laterally, and the Pterygoideus...
The coronoid processis a thin, triangular eminence, which is flattened from side to side and varies in shape and size. ...
The upper border of the ramus of mandible is thin, and is surmounted by two processes, the coronoid in front and the condyloid behind, separated by a deep concavity, the mandibular notch. ...
The condyloid process is thicker than the coronoid, and consists of two portions: the condyle, and the constricted portion which supports it, the neck. ...
The Nasal Bones (Ossa Faciei & Ossa Nasalia) are two small oblong bones, varying in size and form in different individuals; they are placed side by side at the middle and upper part of the face, and form, by their junction, the bridge of the nose. ...
The inferior nasal concha (Concha Nasalis Inferior; Inferior Turbinated Bone) extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity [Fig. ...
Behind the lacrimal process of the inferior nasal conchae lies a broad, thin plate, the ethmoidal process, which ascends to join the uncinate process of the ethmoid; from its lower border a thin lamina, the maxillary process, curves downward and lateralward; it articulates with the maxilla and forms a part...
For the embryological structure, see Maxillary prominence. ...
Vomer: Wing The vomer bone is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull. ...
Lacrimal: Posterior lacrimal crest - Lacrimal groove - Lacrimal hamulus | | | Bones of head and neck: the cranium of the skull | | | Occipital | | | | Parietal | | | | Frontal | | | | Temporal | | | | | | | | | | | Carotid canal - Facial canal ( Hiatus) - Internal auditory meatus - Aqueduct of cochlea - Stylomastoid foramen fossae (Subarcuate fossa, Jugular fossa) - canaliculi (Inferior tympanic, Mastoid) - Styloid process - Petrosquamous suture The lacrimal bone (Os Lacrimale), the smallest and most fragile bone of the face, is situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit . ...
The lateral or orbital surface of the lacrimal bone is divided by a vertical ridge, the posterior lacrimal crest, into two parts. ...
On the nasal surface of the body of the maxilla, in front of the opening of the sinus is a deep groove, the lacrimal groove (or lacrimal sulcus), which is converted into the nasolacrimal canal, by the lacrimal bone and inferior nasal concha; this canal opens into the inferior meatus...
An MRI scan of the head. ...
In humans, the adult skull is normally made up of 22 bones. ...
The occipital bone, a saucer-shaped membrane bone situated at the back and lower part of the cranium, is trapezoid in shape and curved on itself. ...
The squama of the occipital bone, situated above and behind the foramen magnum, is curved from above downward and from side to side. ...
The inion is the most prominent projection of the occipital bone at the lower rear part of the skull. ...
The inion is the most prominent projection of the occipital bone at the lower rear part of the skull. ...
The nuchal lines are four curved lines on the external surface of the occipital bone: The upper, often faintly marked, is named the highest nuchal line, and to it the galea aponeurotica is attached. ...
The internal surface of the occipital bone is deeply concave and divided into four fossæ by a cruciform eminence ( or cruciate eminence). ...
In the occipital bone, at the point of intersection of the four divisions of the cruciate eminence is the internal occipital protuberance. ...
The internal surface of the squama frontalis of the frontal bone is concave and presents in the upper part of the middle line a vertical groove, the sagittal sulcus, the edges of which unite below to form a ridge, the frontal crest; the sulcus lodges the superior sagittal sinus, while...
In the occipital bone, the lower division of the cruciate eminence is prominent, and is named the internal occipital crest; it bifurcates near the foramen magnum and gives attachment to the falx cerebelli; in the attached margin of this falx is the occipital sinus, which is sometimes duplicated. ...
The lateral parts of the occipital bone are situated at the sides of the foramen magnum; on their under surfaces are the condyles for articulation with the superior facets of the atlas. ...
The lateral parts of the occipital bone are situated at the sides of the foramen magnum; on their under surfaces are the occipital condyles for articulation with the superior facets of the atlas. ...
Behind either condyle of the lateral parts of occipital bone is a depression, the condyloid fossa (or condylar fossa), which receives the posterior margin of the superior facet of the atlas when the head is bent backward; the floor of this fossa is sometimes perforated by the condyloid canal, through...
In the lateral parts of occipital bone, behind either condyle is a depression, the condyloid fossa, which receives the posterior margin of the superior facet of the atlas when the head is bent backward; the floor of this fossa is sometimes perforated by the condylar canal (or condyloid canal), through...
The hypoglossal canal is a bony canal in the occipital bone of the skull that transmits the hypoglossal nerve from its point of entry near the medulla oblongata to its exit from the base of the skull near the jugular foramen. ...
In the lateral part of the occipital bone, extending lateralward from the posterior half of the condyle is a quadrilateral plate of bone, the jugular process, excavated in front by the jugular notch, which, in the articulated skull, forms the posterior part of the jugular foramen. ...
The upper surface of the lateral parts of occipital bone presents an oval eminence, the jugular tubercle, which overlies the hypoglossal canal and is sometimes crossed by an oblique groove for the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves. ...
The basilar part of the occipital bone extends forward and upward from the foramen magnum, and presents in front an area more or less quadrilateral in outline. ...
On the lower surface of the basilar part of occipital bone, about 1 cm. ...
In anatomy, in the occipital bone, the foramen magnum (Latin: great hole) is one of the several oval or circular apertures in the base of the skull (the foramina), through which the medulla oblongata (an extension of the spinal cord) enters and exits the skull vault. ...
The parietal bones (os parietale) are bones in the human skull and form, by their union, the sides and roof of the cranium. ...
The external surface of the parietal bone is convex, smooth, and marked near the center by an eminence, the parietal eminence (parietal tuber), which indicates the point where ossification commenced. ...
Crossing the middle of the parietal bone in an arched direction are two curved lines, the superior and inferior temporal lines; the former gives attachment to the temporal fascia, and the latter indicates the upper limit of the muscular origin of the Temporalis. ...
At the back part of the parietal bone and close to the upper or sagittal border is the parietal foramen, which transmits a vein to the superior sagittal sinus, and sometimes a small branch of the occipital artery; it is not constantly present, and its size varies considerably. ...
The frontal bone (os frontale, TA: A02. ...
There are two surfaces of the squama of the frontal bone: the external surface, and the internal surface. ...
The frontal suture (sutura frontalis) is a dense connective tissue structure that divides the two halves of the frontal bone of the skull in infants and children. ...
On the frontal bone, on either side of the frontal suture, about 3 cm. ...
On the squama frontalis of the frontal bone, below the frontal eminences, and separated from them by a shallow groove, are two arched elevations, the superciliary arches; these are prominent medially, and are joined to one another by a smooth elevation named the glabella. ...
The glabella is the space between the eyebrows and above the nose. ...
Arching transversely below the superciliary arches is the upper part of the margin of the orbit, thin and prominent in its lateral two-thirds, rounded in its medial third, and presenting, at the junction of these two portions, the supraorbital notch or foramen for the supraorbital nerve and vessels. ...
The frontal crest of the frontal bone ends below in a small notch which is converted into a foramen, the foramen cecum, by articulation with the ethmoid. ...
The supraorbital margin of the frontal bone ends laterally in the zygomatic process, which is strong and prominent, and articulates with the zygomatic bone. ...
The internal surface of the squama frontalis of the frontal bone is concave and presents in the upper part of the middle line a vertical groove, the sagittal sulcus, the edges of which unite below to form a ridge, the frontal crest; the sulcus lodges the superior sagittal sinus, while...
The internal surface of the squama frontalis of the frontal bone is concave and presents in the upper part of the middle line a vertical groove, the sagittal sulcus, the edges of which unite below to form a ridge, the frontal crest; the sulcus lodges the superior sagittal sinus, while...
The ethmoidal notch separates the two orbital plates; it is quadrilateral, and filled, in the articulated skull, by the cribriform plate of the ethmoid. ...
The lacrimal bone (Os Lacrimale), the smallest and most fragile bone of the face, is situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit. ...
Near the nasal part of the interior surface of the frontal bone is a depression, the trochlear fovea, or occasionally a small trochlear spine, for the attachment of the cartilaginous pulley of the Obliquus oculi superior. ...
...
The frontal air sinuses are lined by mucous membrane, and each communicates with the corresponding nasal cavity by means of a passage called the frontonasal duct. ...
The temporal bones (os temporales) are situated at the sides and base of the skull. ...
The squama of the temporal bone forms the anterior and upper part of the bone, and is scale-like, thin, and translucent. ...
The anterior root of the posterior end of the outer surface of the Squama temporalis, continuous with the lower border, is short but broad and strong; it is directed medialward and ends in a rounded eminence, the articular tubercle (eminentia articularis). ...
| | | |
