|
A bone mineral density (BMD) test, also called a bone mass measurement, is used to measure bone density and determine fracture risk for osteoporosis. It may also be used to determine how effective an osteoporosis treatment is. The National Osteoporosis Foundation recommends BMD testing for the following individuals [1]: Osteoporosis is a disease of bone in which the bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced, bone microarchitecture is disrupted, and the amount and variety of non-collagenous proteins in bone is altered. ...
- All women aged 65 and older regardless of risk factors
- Younger postmenopausal women with one or more risk factors (other than being white, postmenopausal and female).
- Postmenopausal women who present with fractures (to confirm the diagnosis and determine disease severity).
- Estrogen deficient women at clinical risk for osteoporosis.
- Individuals with vertebral abnormalities.
- Individuals receiving, or planning to receive, long-term glucocorticoid (steroid) therapy.
- Individuals with primary hyperparathyroidism.
- Individuals being monitored to assess the response or efficacy of an approved osteoporosis drug therapy.
While there are many different types of BMD tests, all are non-invasive. Most tests differ in which bones are measured to determine the BMD result. Menopause is the physiological cessation of menstrual cycles associated with advancing age in women. ...
Estriol. ...
A diagram of a thoracic vertebra. ...
Steroid skeleton of lanosterol. ...
Hyperparathyroidism is overactivity of the parathyroid glands resulting in excess production of parathyroid hormone (PTH). ...
These tests include:
The test works by measuring a specific bone or bones, usually the spine, hip, and wrist. The density of these bones is then compared with an average index based on age, sex, and size. The resulting comparison is used to determine risk for fractures and the stage of osteoporosis in an individual. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, previously DEXA) is a means of measuring bone mineral density (BMD). ...
Digital X-ray Radiogrammetry (DXR) is a means of measuring bone mineral density (BMD). ...
Grays Anatomy illustration of a human femur. ...
Average bone mineral density = BMC / W [g/cm²]
- BMC = bone mineral content = g/cm
- W = width at the scanned line
Interpretation
Results are generally scored by two measures, the T-score and the Z-score. Scores indicate the amount one's bone mineral density varies from the mean. Negative scores indicate lower bone density, and positive scores indicate higher.
T-score The T-score is a comparison of a patient's BMD to that of a healthy thirty-year-old. This value is used in post-menopausal women and men over aged 50 because it better predicts risk of future fracture.[citation needed] The criteria of the World Health Organization are[1]: The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. ...
- Osteoporosis is defined as -2.5 or lower, meaning a bone density that is two and a half standard deviations below the mean of a thirty year old woman.
- Osteopenia is defined as less than -1.0 and greater than -2.5
- Normal is a T-score of -1.0 or higher
Osteoporosis is a disease of bone in which the bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced, bone microarchitecture is disrupted, and the amount and variety of non-collagenous proteins in bone is altered. ...
Osteopenia is a decrease in bone mineral density that can be a precursor condition to osteoporosis. ...
Z-score The Z-score is a comparison of a patient's BMD to the average BMD of their, sex, and race. This value is used in premenopausal women, men under aged 50, and in children.[citation needed]
References - ^ WHO Scientific Group on the Prevention and Management of Osteoporosis (2000 : Geneva, Switzerland) (2003). Prevention and management of osteoporosis : report of a WHO scientific group (pdf). Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
| 
Feeds |
Contact