Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are growth factors belonging to the TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor-beta) super family with a strong ability to induce new bone and/or cartilage formation. BMPs interact with specific receptors on the cell surface, referred to as bone morphogenetic protein receptors (BMPRs). Signal transduction through BMPRs results in mobilization of members of the Smad family of proteins, specifically Smad 1, 5 and 8. The signaling pathways involving BMPs, BMPRs and Smads are important in the development of the heart, central nervous system, and cartilage, as well as post-natal bone development. They have a important role during embryonic development on the embryonic patterning and early skeletal forming. There are sixteen reported bone morphogenetic proteins, some are also named as cartilage-derived morphogenetic proteins (CDMPs) and growth differentiation factors (GDFs). Growth factor is any of about twenty small proteins that attach to specific receptors on the surface of stem cells in bone marrow and promote differentiation and maturation of these cells into morphotic constituents of blood. ... Transforming growth factor (TGF) is one of many characterized growth factors that exist in nature. ...
Discovery
The seminal paper reporting the initial discovery of bone morphogenetic protein activity was published in 1965 by Marshal R. Urist in Science.[1] Jump to: navigation, search 1965 was a common year starting on Friday (link goes to calendar). ... Science is the journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). ...
Members of the BMP family are potentially useful as therapeutics. BMP-2 has been shown in clinical studies to be of use in the treatment of a variety of bone-related conditions. BMP-2 and BMP-7 have received FDA approval for human clinical uses. The United States Food and Drug Administration is the government agency responsible for regulating food, dietary supplements, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, biologics and blood products in the United States. ...
References
^ Urist, Michael R. (1965). Bone: formation by autoinduction. Science 150: 893–899. available at JSTOR
Chen, Di, Zhao, Ming, and Mundy, Gregory R. (2004). Bone Morphogenetic Proteins. Growth Factors 22: 233–241.
Bone patterning is altered in the regenerating zebrafish caudal fin after ectopic expression of sonic hedgehog and bmp2b or exposure to cyclopamine.
We have previously shown that the maternal effect dorsalization of zebrafish embryos from sbn(dtc24) heterozygous mothers is caused by a dominant negative mutation in Smad5, a transducer of ventralizing signaling by the bonemorphogeneticproteins Bmp2b and Bmp7.
At higher temperature, the phenotype of snh(ty68) mutant embryos is identical to that caused by the amorphic bmp2b mutation swirl swr(ta72) and similar to that caused by the smad5 mutation somitabun sbn(dtc24).
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