 Relationship of Bone-Rank Gradations in Silla to Office Rank and Post [1] The bone rank system was the system of aristocratic rank used in the ancient Korean kingdom of Silla. It was used to segregate society, and particularly the layers of the aristocracy, on the basis of their hereditary proximity to the throne and the level of authority they were permitted to wield. The idea of royal blood in other societies is a close analogue to the idea of sacred bone in Silla thought. Bone rank was strictly hereditary, and thus acted as a caste system. Lee (1984, p. 43) considers it to have probably been adopted as part of the administrative law introduced from China and promulgated by King Beopheung in 520. However, this likely only instituted in legal fact what was already a society segregated by bloodline and lineage. Although only two of the five known ranks were referred to as "bone" (골, 骨), the term "bone rank" has become widely used to describe the whole system. Jamo redirects here. ...
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The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea. ...
McCune-Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language romanization systems, along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which replaced (a modified) McCune-Reischauer as the official romanization system in South Korea in 2000. ...
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Silla (also spelled Shilla, traditional dates 57 BCE - 935 CE) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. ...
The word Caste is derived from the Portuguese word casta, meaning lineage, breed or race. ...
Beopheung was King of Silla (514-540) in Korea. ...
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A person's bone rank status governed not only official status and marriage rights, but also the color of one's garments and the maximum dimensions of one's dwelling and carriage. These criteria are described in detail in the 12th century Korean history Samguk Sagi, particularly its Monographs (ji 志), book 2 (ranks and offices). The Samguk Sagi's depiction of Silla life, however, has often been criticized for being excessively static. Unfortunately, since other sources are scarce, it is difficult to judge what sort of changes may have taken place in the bone rank system over the centuries. We dont have an article called Samguk sagi Start this article Search for Samguk sagi in. ...
The highest level of the bone rank was the "sacred bone", or songgol (성골,聖骨), sometimes termed "hallowed bone", which consisted only of a portion of the royal Kim family, possibly those considered to have royal blood on both sides. Until this rank was abolished with the ascension of King Muyol in 654, only those holding sacred bone rank were permitted to assume the throne. This led to the crowning of Queen Sondok in 632 and Queen Jindok in 647, because no males of the sacred bone rank were available. This situation may have led to its subsequent abolition. Seondeok reigned as Queen of Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, from 632 to 647. ...
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Events The Cheomseongdae astronomical observatory is constructed in Silla around this time. ...
Below the sacred bone came the "true bone", or jingol (진골, 眞骨), which included the rest of the royal family, as well as the Bak and Seok families of Gyeongju which had held the throne in very early times and were involved in most royal marriages, as well as another Kim ['Kimhae' royal clan] lineage descended from the royal house of Kumgwan Kaya. Members of the true bone could hold any official position, up to the level of full minister. They could also attain office rank up to the highest, ibolchan (이벌찬). After the sacred bone rank was abolished under King Muyol, only those holding the true bone rank could become king. Gyeongju is a city (see Subdivisions of South Korea) and prominent tourist destination in eastern South Korea. ...
Below the "true bone" came the head ranks (두품, 頭品), of which only the 6th, 5th and 4th are attested, 6th being the highest. Members of the head rank six could rise to the position of vice-minister (gyeong, 경) and as high as the 6th level of office rank, achan (아찬). Members of head ranks four and five could rise only to minor posts. Members of head rank five could reach the 10th level of office rank, daenaema (대내마, 大奈麻), while members of head rank four could attain only the 12th level of office rank, daesa (대사, 大舍). There were 17 levels of office rank altogether. Lee (1984, p. 50) proposes: "head-ranks three, two, and one, if they ever formally existed, must have designated the ... non-privileged general populace."
The frustrated ambitions of the head rank six class in particular seem to have played a prominent role in the politics of the late Silla period. Many men of head rank six status, proscribed from rising too high in the Silla administrative system defined by the bone rank system, sought to bypass this by studying Confucianism (either in Silla or abroad in Tang China) or else turned to careers in Buddhism. The most prominent of the head rank six figures was undoubtedly Choe Chiwon, who following an illustrious career in China returned to Silla only to see his attempts at administrative reform rebuffed by an entrenched aristocracy. In the early 10th century the nascent state of Goryeo, which succeeded Silla, tapped into the head rank six intellectuals to man its bureaucracy. Choe Chiwon (857-?) was a noted Korean Confucian official, philosopher, and poet of the late Unified Silla period (668-935). ...
Taegeuk is a traditional symbol of Korea Capital Gaegyeong Language(s) Korean Religion Buddhism Government Monarchy Wang - 918 - 946 Taejo - 949 - 975 Gwangjong - 1259 - 1274 Wonjong - 1351 - 1374 Gongmin Historical era 918 - 1392 - Later Three Kingdoms rise 892 - Coronation of Taejo June 15, 918 - Korea-Khitan Wars 993 - 1019 - Mongolian...
The bone rank system's extreme rigidity certainly helped to weaken Silla toward the end of the Unified Silla period, although numerous other factors were at play. After the fall of Silla, the bone rank system was abolished, although different and somewhat more flexible caste systems persisted until near the end of the Joseon Dynasty in the late 19th century. Unified Silla is the name often applied to the Korean kingdom of Silla after 668. ...
Territory of Joseon after Jurchen conquest of King Sejong Capital Hanseong Language(s) Korean Religion Confucianism Government Monarchy Wang - 1392 - 1398 Taejo - 1418 - 1450 Sejong - 1776 - 1800 Jeongjo - 1863 - 1897 Proclaimed Emperor Gojong Yeong-uijeong - 1431 - 1449 Hwang Hui - 1466 - 1472 Han Myeonghoe - 1592 - 1598 Ryu Seongryong - 1894 Kim Hongjip...
Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...
See also
List_of_Korean_family_names http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Transwiki:List_of_Korean_family_names This is a list of Korean names, in Hangul alphabetical order. ...
This article is about the history of Korea, through the division of Korea in 1945. ...
This is a list of Wikipedia articles on Korea-related people, places, things, and concepts. ...
The Three Kingdoms of Korea were Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla, which dominated the Korean peninsula and parts of Manchuria for much of the 1st millennium CE. The Three Kingdoms period in Korea is usually considered to run from the 1st century BCE (specifically 57 BC) until Sillas triumph over...
References - ^ Adapted from: Lee, Ki-baik. A New History of Korea (Translated by Edward W. Wagner with Edward J. Shultz), (Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press, 1984), p. 51. ISBN 067461576X
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