Bone tools have been documented from the advent of Homo Sapiens and are also known from Homo Neanderthalis contexts. Bone is a ubiquitous material in hunter-gatherer societies even when other tool materials were scarce or unavailable. Any portion of animal or fish skeletons could potentially be utilized, however antlers and longbones provide some of the best working material. Longbone fragments can be shaped by scraping against an abrasive stone into such items as arrow and spear points, needles, awls, and fish hooks. Trinomial name Homo sapiens sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 Humans, or human beings, are bipedal apes belonging to the mammalian species Homo sapiens (Latin for wise man or knowing man) under the family Hominidae (known as the great apes). ... Binomial name †Homo neanderthalensis King, 1864 Synonyms Palaeoanthropus neanderthalensis The Neanderthal (IPA pronunciation: ), (Homo neanderthalensis) or Neandertal was a species of the Homo genus that inhabited Europe and parts of western Asia. ... In anthropology, the hunter-gatherer way of life is that led by certain societies of the Neolithic Era based on the exploitation of wild plants and animals. ...

As an organic material, bone often does not survive in an archaeologicaly recoverable way. However, under the right conditions, bone tools do sometimes survive and many have been recovered from locations around the world representing time periods throughout history and prehistory. Also many examples have been collected ethnographicaly and some traditional peoples as well as experimental archaeologist continue to use bone to make tools. Archaeology or sometimes in American English archeology (from the Greek words αρχαίος = ancient and λόγος = word/speech) is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains, including architecture, artefacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes. ...