Part of the Politics series on Anarchism Politics is the process by which groups make decisions. ... Anarchism is the name of a political philosophy or a group of doctrines and attitudes that are centered on rejection of any form of compulsory government (state)[1] and supporting its elimination. ...
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The Bonnot Gang (la bande à Bonnot) was a French criminal anarchist group that operated in France and Belgium from 1911 to 1912. Comprised of individuals who identified with the emerging illegalist mileu, the gang utilized cutting-edge technology (including automobiles and repeating rifles) not yet available to the French police. Anarchism is a generic term describing various political philosophies and social movements that advocate the elimination of hierarchy and imposed authority. ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Illegalism is an anarchist philosophy which developed primarily in France in the early 1900s parallel to anarchist individualism. ... Car redirects here. ... A repeating rifle is a single barreled rifle containing multiple rounds of ammunition. ...

Originally referred to by the press as simply "The Auto Bandits", the gang was dubbed "The Bonnot Gang" after Jules Bonnot gave an interview at the office of Petit Parisien, a popular daily paper. Bonnot's perceived prominence within the group was later reinforced by his high-profile death during a shootout with French police. The Bonnot Gang was a French criminal anarchist group that terrorized France and Belgium from 1911 to 1912. ... // A shootout is a gun battle between armed groups or opposing factions. ...

Their story was adapted in cinema in 1969 [1]

The players

The Bonnot Gang originally consisted of a group of French anarchists centered around the individualist magazine l'Anarchie. The group was founded by Octave Garnier, Raymond Callemin, and René Valet. It was Garnier's idea to use automobiles in the service of a daring criminal act. Jules Bonnot joined them in December 1911. Individualist anarchism (or anarchist individualism, anarcho-individualism, individualistic anarchism, philosophical anarchism or scientific anarchism) is an anarchist philosophical tradition that has a strong emphasis on the non-aggression principle and individual sovereignty. ... Octave Garnier (December 25, 1889 - May 14, 1912) was a French anarchist and founding member of the infamous Bonnot Gang. ... For the magazine called automobile, see Automobile Magazine. ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ...

Principle gang members included:

• Raymond Callemin (la Science)
• Jules Bonnot (le Bourgeois), a professional car thief
• René Valet, secretary of the Revolutionary Youth
• Anna Dondon, a convicted counterfeiter
• Octave Garnier (le Terrassier), a draft dodger
• Marie Vuillemin (la Belge)
• Andre Soudy (Pas de chance), a young grocer who suffered from tuberculosis
• Edouard Carouy (le Rouquin), a professional burglar
• Jeanne Belardi, an Italian
• Jean De Boe, organizer of the Brussels Revolutionary Group
• Elie Monier, a draft dodger
• Eugene Dieudonné, an antimilitarist from Nancy

Minor players included David Belonie (a chemist), Marius Medge (an antimilitarist), Antoine Gauzy, Pierre Jourdan, Charles Reinart, Victor Kibalchich, Godorowski (a Russian refugee), Henriette Maîtrejean, and Berbe Leclech. The Bonnot Gang was a French criminal anarchist group that terrorized France and Belgium from 1911 to 1912. ... Motor vehicle theft is a crime of theft. ... The Revolutionary Youth is a youth group affiliated with the Free Peoples Movement, with members all over the world. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Octave Garnier (December 25, 1889 - May 14, 1912) was a French anarchist and founding member of the infamous Bonnot Gang. ... Their actions were criminal offences and once they had left the country draft dodgers could not return or they would be arrested. ... A grocer is a dealer in staple foodstuffs, such as meats, produce or dairy products, and other household supplies. ... Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for Tubercle Bacillus) is a common and deadly infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most commonly affects the lungs (pulmonary TB) but can also affect the central nervous system, lymphatic system, circulatory system, genitourinary system, bones and joints. ... Their actions were criminal offences and once they had left the country draft dodgers could not return or they would be arrested. ... Militarism or militarist ideology is the doctrinal view of a society as being best served (or more efficient) when it is governed or guided by concepts embodied in the culture, doctrine, system, or people of the military. ... Location within France Nancy (pronounced in French) (German: Nanzig) is a city and commune which is the préfecture (capital) of the Meurthe-et-Moselle département, in the Lorraine région of northeastern France. ... A chemist pours from a Florence flask. ... Militarism or militarist ideology is the doctrinal view of a society as being best served (or more efficient) when it is governed or guided by concepts embodied in the culture, doctrine, system, or people of the military. ... Victor Lvovich Kibalchich (Ð’.Л. Кибальчич) (1890-1947) better known as Victor Serge was a Russian revolutionary. ...

The gang's political and social perspective was heavily influenced by Mikhail Bakunin and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon as well as Max Stirner, Ludwig Büchner, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Félix Le Dantec. Bonnot's ideas were more part with late anarchist Ravachol. Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin (Russian — Михаил Александрович Бакунин, Michel Bakunin — on the grave in Bern), (May 18 (30 N.S.), 1814–June 19 (July 1 N.S.), 1876) was a well-known Russian revolutionary, and often considered one of the “fathers of modern anarchism. // In the spring of 1814, Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin was born... Pierre Joseph Proudhon. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Friedrich Karl Christian Ludwig Büchner (March 29, 1824 – May 1, 1899) was a German philosopher, physiologist and physician who became one of the exponents of 19th century scientific materialism. ... Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (October 15, 1844 – August 25, 1900) (IPA: ) was a German philologist and philosopher. ... Ravachol (François Koenigstein, 1859-1892), was a French anarchist best known for propaganda of the deed. ...

Crime spree

The first robbery by Bonnot's Gang was at the money transfer of Société Générale Bank in Paris on December 21, 1911. They escaped with an automobile (a Delaunay-Belleville) they had stolen a week before. Robbers — Bonnot, Octave Garnier, Eugene Dieudonne and Raymond Callemin — got booty equal to 5,126 Francs, but the rest of it was composed of securities. The gang had the dubious honor of being the first to use an automobile to flee the scene of a crime, presaging by over twenty years the later methods of John Dillinger and Bonnie and Clyde. Société Générale (Euronext: GLE) is one of the main banks in France (one of the three oldest). ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France Region ÃŽle-de-France Department Paris (75) Subdivisions 20 arrondissements Mayor Bertrand Delanoë  (PS) (since 2001) City Statistics Land area¹ 86. ... December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... Automobiles Delaunay-Belleville was a French automobile manufacturer from St. ... John Dillinger John Herbert Dillinger (June 22, 1903 – July 22, 1934) was an American bank robber, considered by some to be a dangerous criminal, while others idealized him as a latter-day Robin Hood. ... Bonnie Parker Bonnie and Clyde. ...

On December 28, 1911 the gang broke into a gun shop in the Paris center. A few days later, on the night of January 2, 1912, they entered the home of the wealthy M. Moreau and brutally murdered both him and his maid. The booty take was equal to 30,000 Francs, and the crime aroused a public outcry. December 28 is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 3 days remaining. ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... January 2 is the second day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

French Central Police Sûreté Nationale did its best to catch the gang. They were able to arrest one man based on their registry of anarchist organizations. The Gang fled temporarily to Belgium, where they sold the stolen automobile and tried to carjack another. In the process they shot a Belgian policeman.

The gang continued their automobile thefts and robberies, shooting two more policemen in the process. Automobiles were not yet common so the gang usually stole still expensive cars from garages, not from the street.

By March 1912, police had arrested many of the gang’s supporters and knew many of the members' faces and names. In March 1912, gang member and would-be leader Octave Garnier sent a mocking letter to the Sûreté – with his fingerprints. In those days, the French police still did not yet use fingerprinting.

On March 25, 1912, the gang stole a de Dion-Bouton automobile in the Sénart Forest south of Paris by shooting the driver in the head. They drove into Chantilly north of Paris where they robbed the local branch of Société Générale Bank — shooting the Banks's three cashiers. They escaped in their stolen automobile as two policemen tried to catch them, one on horseback and the other on a bicycle. March 25 is the 84th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (85th in leap years). ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... A De Dion-Bouton from 1899, from a French museum in Paris [1] De Dion-Bouton was a French automobile manufacturer operating from 1883 to 1932. ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France Region ÃŽle-de-France Department Paris (75) Subdivisions 20 arrondissements Mayor Bertrand Delanoë  (PS) (since 2001) City Statistics Land area¹ 86. ... Chantilly may refer to: Chantilly, a French city located in the Oise département in the Picardie région. ...

Another public outcry ensued. Sûreté Chief Xavier Guichard took the matter personally. Even politicians became concerned, increasing police funding by 800,000 Francs. Banks began to prepare for forthcoming robberies and many cashiers armed themselves. The Société Générale promised a reward of 100,000 Francs for information that would lead to arrests. Xavier Guichard (1870-1947) was a French Director of Police, archaeologist and writer. ...

Pursuit and capture

On March 30, police arrested Andrey Soudy at the English Channel coast – he announced that he did not care whether he died of tuberculosis or by guillotine. Eduard Carouy was arrested April 3. Raymond Callemin was arrested April 7, and police had to prevent an angry mob from lynching him on the spot. Antoine Monnier was arrested in Paris on April 24. By the end of that month, police had arrested 28 gang members and supporters. Still, Bonnot, Octave Garnier and Rene Valet remained at large. Satellite view of the English Channel The English Channel (French: La Manche (IPA: ), the sleeve) is the part of the Atlantic Ocean that separates the island of Great Britain from northern France and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic. ... Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for Tubercle Bacillus) is a common and deadly infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most commonly affects the lungs (pulmonary TB) but can also affect the central nervous system, lymphatic system, circulatory system, genitourinary system, bones and joints. ... The Maiden, an older Scottish design. ... Lynch mob redirects here. ...

On April 24, three police officers surprised Bonnot in the apartment of a suspected fence. He shot at the officers, killing one and wounding another, and then fled over the rooftops. Part of the 100,000 Francs reward was later given to the widow of the killed police officer, Jouin. In law enforcement, a fence is an individual who knowingly buys stolen property for later resale in a (usually) legitimate market. ...

On April 28, police had tracked Bonnot to a house in the Paris suburb of Choisy le Roi. They besieged the place with 500 armed police officers, soldiers, firefighters, military engineers and private gun-owners. By noon, after a sporadic firing from both sides, Paris Police Chief Lépines sent three police officers to put a dynamite charge under the house. The explosion demolished the front of the building. Bonnot was hiding in the middle of a rolled mattress and tried to shoot back until Lépines shot him non-fatally in the head. Afterwards police again had to prevent the spectators from lynching Bonnot. They simply told the crowd that Bonnot was already dead and had been buried in a secret grave. Choisy-le-Roi is a town and commune of France, in the Val-de-Marne département. ...

On the evening of May 14, Octave Garnier and Rene Valet were besieged in the Paris suburb of Nogent sur Marne by a large force including 300 police officers and gendarmes and 800 soldiers. Sûreté Chief Xavier Guichard himself led the siege. The firing from both sides was intense, and at 2 AM, Guichard decided to blow the place up. Garnier died in the explosion, but Valet tried to keep firing despite his wounds. Nogent-sur-Marne is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. ... Gendarme (pronounced ) can mean: Gendarme (historical): a horseman, usually of noble birth, belonging to the cavalry of the French army in the late-Medieval to Early Modern periods of European history A military police officer belonging a gendarmerie. ...

On trial

The trial of the Gang's survivors began on February 3, 1913. Viktor Serge was sentenced to five years for robbery. All the others were initially sentenced to death. The sentence of Eugene Dieudonne was commuted to life imprisonment. Sentences of Eduard Carouy and Marius Metge were commuted to life imprisonment at hard labor. Carouy later committed suicide. Metge was sent to a penal colony. Raymond Callemin, Antoine Monnier and Andre Soudy refused to plead for clemency and they were executed by guillotine. February 3 is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Victor Lvovich Kibalchich (В.Л. Кибальчич) (1890-1947) (better known as Victor Serge) was born in Brussels, the son of Russian Narodnik exiles. ... The Maiden, an older Scottish design. ...

Effect on society

In the aftermath of the collapse of the Bonnot Gang, French authorities used the threat of anarchist violence as the pretext for a substantial expansion in law enforcement power. Hundreds of raids were carried out against known anarchists and sympathizers (similar in scale to the Palmer Raids in the United States). Although the actions of the gang were not widely supported, even within the anarchist milieu, the mainstream press called for a general crackdown on left-wing revolutionary activity. The Palmer Raids were a series of controversial raids by the U.S. Justice and Immigration Departments from 1918 to 1921 on the radical left in the United States. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Left-Right politics. ...

French anarchist communists attempted to distance themselves from illegalism and anarchist individualism as a whole. In August 1913, the Fédération Communiste-Anarchistes (FCA) condemned individualism as bourgeois and more in keeping with capitalism than communism. An article believed to have been written by Peter Kropotkin, in the British anarchist paper Freedom, argued that "Simple-minded young comrades were often led away by the illegalists' apparent anarchist logic; outsiders simply felt disgusted with anarchist ideas and definitely stopped their ears to any propaganda." Anarchist communism is a form of anarchism that advocates the abolition of the State and capitalism in favor of a horizontal network of voluntary associations through which everyone will be free to satisfy his or her needs. ... Illegalism is an anarchist philosophy which developed primarily in France in the early 1900s parallel to anarchist individualism. ... Individualist anarchism (or anarchist individualism, anarcho-individualism, individualistic anarchism, philosophical anarchism or scientific anarchism) is an anarchist philosophical tradition that has a strong emphasis on the non-aggression principle and individual sovereignty. ... Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Individualism is a term used to describe a moral, political, or social outlook, that stresses human independence and the importance of individual self-reliance and liberty. ... Bourgeois at the end of the thirteenth century. ... This box:      Capitalism generally refers to an economic system in which the means of production are mostly privately or corporately owned and operated for profit, in which investment is determined by private decision, and in which distribution, production and pricing of goods and services are determined in a largely free... Peter Kropotkin Prince Peter Alexeevich Kropotkin (In Russian Пётр Алексе́евич Кропо́ткин) (December 9, 1842 - February 8, 1921) was one of Russias foremost anarchists and one of the first advocates of what he called anarchist communism: the model of society he advocated for most of his life was that of a communalist society... Cover of Freedom, dated 13th September 2003, showing the new cover design by Clifford Harper. ...

Nevertheless, the Bonnot Gang found some sympathy from the French working-class. As many as one hundred thousand people visited Nogent (the site of the shoot-out that ended the lives of Garnier and Valet) and merchants in Paris sold souvenirs depicting the bandits. Nogent is the name or part of the name of several communes in France: Nogent, in the Haute-Marne département Nogent-lAbbesse, in the Marne département Nogent-lArtaud, in the Aisne département Nogent-sur-Aube, in the Aube département Nogent-le-Bernard, in the... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France Region ÃŽle-de-France Department Paris (75) Subdivisions 20 arrondissements Mayor Bertrand Delanoë  (PS) (since 2001) City Statistics Land area¹ 86. ...

The Bonnot Gang remains one of France's most well known anarchist groups.

See also

• Illegalism
• Anarchist individualism
• Carjacking

Illegalism is an anarchist philosophy which developed primarily in France in the early 1900s parallel to anarchist individualism. ... Individualist anarchism (or anarchist individualism, anarcho-individualism, individualistic anarchism, philosophical anarchism or scientific anarchism) is an anarchist philosophical tradition that has a strong emphasis on the non-aggression principle and individual sovereignty. ... A Carjacking scene from the film Reservoir Dogs. ...

References

• Cacucci, Pino. (2006) Without a Glimmer of Remorse. ChristieBooks. ISBN 1-873976-28-3.
• Imrie, Doug. (1994) The Illegalists. Anarchy: A Journal of Desire Armed. [2]
• Parry, Richard. (1987) The Bonnot Gang. Rebel Press. ISBN 0-946061-04-1.