| Borax |
 | | General | | Systematic name | Sodium tetraborate decahydrate Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x800, 113 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Borax User:Aramgutang/Gallery Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. ...
IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. ...
| | Molecular formula | Na2B4O7·10H2O or Na2[B4O5(OH)4]·8H2O | | Molar mass | 381.37 g/mol | | Appearance | white solid | | CAS number | 1303-96-4 | | Properties | | Density and phase | 1.73 g/cm³, solid | | Solubility in water | 5.1 g/100 ml (20 °C) | | Melting point | 75 °C | | Boiling point | 320 °C | | Basicity (pKb) | see text | | Structure | Coordination
geometry | ? | | Crystal structure | Monoclinic | | Thermodynamic data | Std enthalpy of
formation ΔfHo298 | -3276.75 kJ/mol | Standard molar
entropy So298 | 189.53 J·K−1·mol−1 | | Hazards | | MSDS | External MSDS | | EU classification | not listed | | NFPA 704 | | | Flash point | non-flammable | | Supplementary data page | Structure and
properties | n, εr, etc. | Thermodynamic
data | Phase behaviour
Solid, liquid, gas | | Spectral data | UV, IR, NMR, MS | | Related compounds | | Other anions | Sodium aluminate Sodium gallate This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a chemical element or chemical compound. ...
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In physics, density is mass m per unit volume V. For the common case of a homogeneous substance, it is expressed as: where, in SI units: Ï (rho) is the density of the substance, measured in kg·m-3 m is the mass of the substance, measured in kg V is...
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The melting point of a crystalline solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ...
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The acid dissociation constant (Ka), also known as the acidity constant or the acid-ionization constant, is a specific equilibrium constant for the reaction of an acid with its conjugate base in aqueous solution [1]. // When an acid dissolves in water, it partly dissociates forming hydronium ions and its conjugate...
The coordination geometry of an atom is the geometrical pattern formed by its neighbors in a molecule or a crystal. ...
Enargite crystals In mineralogy and crystallography, a crystal structure is a unique arrangement of atoms in a crystal. ...
The standard enthalpy of formation or standard heat of formation of a compound is the change of enthalpy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states (the most stable form of the element at 1 atmosphere...
In chemistry, the standard molar entropy is the entropy content of one mole of substance, under conditions of standard temperature and pressure. ...
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Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances (as amended) is the main European Union law concerning chemical safety. ...
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Image File history File links NFPA_704. ...
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Infrared spectroscopy (IR Spectroscopy) is the subset of spectroscopy that deals with the IR region of the EM spectrum. ...
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Mass spectrometry (also known as mass spectroscopy (deprecated)[1] or informally, mass-spec and MS) is an analytical technique used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. ...
An electrostatic potential map of the nitrate ion (NO3−). Areas coloured red are lower in energy than areas colored yellow An ion is an atom or group of atoms which have lost or gained one or more electrons, making them negatively or positively charged. ...
-1...
| | Other cations | Potassium tetraborate | | Related compounds | Boric acid Sodium perborate An electrostatic potential map of the nitrate ion (NO3−). Areas coloured red are lower in energy than areas colored yellow An ion is an atom or group of atoms which have lost or gained one or more electrons, making them negatively or positively charged. ...
Boric acid, also called boracic acid or orthoboric acid or Acidum Boricum, is a mild acid often used as an antiseptic, insecticide, flame retardant, in nuclear power plants to control the fission rate of uranium, and as a precursor of other chemical compounds. ...
Sodium perborate (PBS), also called perboric acid or metaborate peroxyhydrate, is a white, odorless, water-soluble chemical compound with chemical formula NaBO3. ...
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox disclaimer and references | Borax from Persian burah.[1][2] also called sodium borate, or sodium tetraborate, or disodium tetraborate, is an important boron compound, a mineral, and a salt of boric acid. It is usually a white powder consisting of soft colorless crystals that dissolve easily in water. In chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 kilopascals) and 25 degrees Celsius (298. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number boron, B, 5 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 13, 2, p Appearance black/brown Standard atomic weight 10. ...
A chemical compound is a chemical substance of two or more different chemically bonded chemical elements, with a fixed ratio determining the composition. ...
Minerals are natural compounds formed through geological processes. ...
For other uses, see Salt (disambiguation). ...
Boric acid, also called boracic acid or orthoboric acid or Acidum Boricum, is a mild acid often used as an antiseptic, insecticide, flame retardant, in nuclear power plants to control the fission rate of uranium, and as a precursor of other chemical compounds. ...
CRYSTAL is a quantum chemistry ab initio program, designed primarily for calculations on crystals (3 dimensions), slabs (2 dimensions) and polymers (1 dimension) using translational symmetry, but it can be used for single molecules. ...
Dissolving table salt (NaCl) in water This article is about a chemical solution; for other uses of the term solution, see solution (disambiguation). ...
This article describes water from a scientific and technical perspective. ...
Borax has a wide variety of uses. It is a component of many detergents, cosmetics, and enamel glazes. It is also used to make buffer solutions in biochemistry, as a fire retardant, as an anti-fungal compound for fibreglass, as an insecticide, as a flux in metallurgy, and as a precursor for other boron compounds. Laundry detergents are just one of many possible uses for detergents Detergent is a compound, or a mixture of compounds, intended to assist cleaning. ...
Look up cosmetic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
In a discussion of art technology, enamel (or vitreous enamel, or porcelain enamel in American English) is the colorful result of fusion of powdered glass to a substrate through the process of firing, usually between 750 and 850 degrees Celsius. ...
Acids and bases: Acid-base reaction theories pH Self-ionization of water Buffer solutions Systematic naming Electrochemistry Acid-base extraction Acids: Strong acids Weak acids Superacids Lewis acids Mineral acids Organic acids Bases: Strong bases Weak bases Superbases Lewis bases Organic bases edit Buffer solutions are solutions which resist change...
Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes and transformations in living organisms. ...
A fire retardant is a substance that helps to delay or prevent combustion. ...
An antifungal drug is medication used to treat fungal infections such as athletes foot, ringworm and candidiasis (thrush), as well as serious systemic infections like cryptococcal meningitis. ...
There is a disputed proposal to merge this article with glass-reinforced plastic. ...
An insecticide is a pesticide used against insects in all developmental forms. ...
In metallurgy, flux is a substance which removes passivating oxides from the surface of a metal or alloy. ...
Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and of materials engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their intermetallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are called alloys. ...
The term borax is used for a number of closely related minerals or chemical compounds that differ in their crystal water content, but usually refers to the decahydrate. Commercially sold borax is usually partially dehydrated. Water of crystallization (alt. ...
Name
The origin of the name is traceable to the Medieval Latin borax, which comes from the Arabic buraq, which comes from either the Persian burah [1] or the Middle Persian burak [2].
Uses
Buffer Sodium borate is used in biochemical and chemical laboratories to make buffer solutions, e.g. for gel electrophoresis of DNA. It has a lower conductivity, produces sharper bands, and can be run at higher speeds than can gels made from TBE buffer or TAE buffer (5 - 35 V/cm as compared to 5 - 10 V/cm). At a given voltage, the heat generation and thus the gel temperature is much lower than with TBE or TAE buffers, therefore the voltage can be increased to speed up electrophoresis so that a gel run takes only a fraction of the usual time. Downstream applications, such as isolation of DNA from a gel slice or southern blot analysis, work as expected with sodium borate gels. Borate buffers (usually at pH 8) are also used as preferential equilibration solution in DMP-based crosslinking reactions. Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes and transformations in living organisms. ...
It has been suggested that the central science be merged into this article or section. ...
Acids and bases: Acid-base reaction theories pH Self-ionization of water Buffer solutions Systematic naming Electrochemistry Acid-base extraction Acids: Strong acids Weak acids Superacids Lewis acids Mineral acids Organic acids Bases: Strong bases Weak bases Superbases Lewis bases Organic bases edit Buffer solutions are solutions which resist change...
DNA electrophoresis apparatus. ...
The structure of part of a DNA double helix Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions for the development and function of living organisms. ...
Electrical conductivity is a measure of how well a material accommodates the transport of electric charge. ...
TBE buffer is widely used for the electrophoresis of nucleic acids and has a higher buffer capacity than TAE. It can be used for DNA and RNA polyacrylamide and agarose gel electrophoresis. ...
The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ...
Josephson junction array chip developed by NIST as a standard volt. ...
A Southern blot is a method routinely used in molecular biology to check for the presence of a DNA sequence in a DNA sample. ...
Lithium borate is similar to sodium borate and has all of its advantages, but permits use of even higher voltages due to the lower conductivity of lithium ions as compared to sodium ions.[3] However, lithium borate is much more expensive. Lithium boric acid is the lithium salt of boric acid. ...
Flux A mixture of borax and ammonium chloride is used as a flux when welding iron and steel. It lowers the melting point of the unwanted iron oxide (scale), allowing it to run off. Borax is also used mixed with water as a flux when soldering jewelry metals such as gold or silver. It allows the molten solder to flow evenly over the joint in question. Borax is also a good flux for 'pre-tinning' tungsten with zinc - making the tungsten soft-solderable.[4] Ammonium chloride or Sal Ammoniac (chemically ammonium chloride (NH4Cl); also nushadir salt, zalmiak, sal armagnac, sal armoniac, salmiakki, salmiak and salt armoniack) is, in its pure form, a clear white water-soluble crystalline salt with a biting taste. ...
In metallurgy, flux is a substance which removes passivating oxides from the surface of a metal or alloy. ...
Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Standard atomic weight 55. ...
The steel cable of a colliery winding tower. ...
Iron oxide pigment There are a number of iron oxides: Iron oxides Iron(II) oxide or ferrous oxide (FeO) The black-coloured powder in particular can cause explosions as it readily ignites. ...
(De)soldering a contact from a wire. ...
Jewelry (the American spelling; spelled jewellery in Commonwealth English) consists of ornamental devices worn by persons, typically made with gems and precious metals. ...
Hot metal work from a blacksmith In chemistry, a metal (Greek: Metallon) is an element that readily loses electrons to form positive ions (cations) and has metallic bonds between metal atoms. ...
GOLD refers to one of the following: GOLD (IEEE) is an IEEE program designed to garner more student members at the university level (Graduates of the Last Decade). ...
General Name, Symbol, Number silver, Ag, 47 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 5, d Appearance lustrous white metal Standard atomic weight 107. ...
A solder is a fusible metal alloy, with a melting point or melting range of 180-190°C (360-370 °F), which is melted to join metallic surfaces, especially in the fields of electronics and plumbing, in a process called soldering. ...
Food additive Borax is used as a food additive in some countries with the E number E285, but is banned in the United States. Its use is similar to salt, and it appears in French and Iranian caviar. Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or improve its taste and appearance. ...
For the mathematical constant see: E (mathematical constant). ...
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Other uses Laundry detergents are just one of many possible uses for detergents Detergent is a compound, or a mixture of compounds, intended to assist cleaning. ...
Look up cosmetic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
In a discussion of art technology, enamel (or vitreous enamel, or porcelain enamel in American English) is the colorful result of fusion of powdered glass to a substrate through the process of firing, usually between 750 and 850 degrees Celsius. ...
Glass can be made transparent and flat, or into other shapes and colors as shown in this sphere from the Verrerie of Brehat in Brittany. ...
Unfired green ware pottery on a traditional drying rack at Conner Prairie living history museum. ...
Fixed Partial Denture, or Bridge The word ceramic is derived from the Greek word κεÏαμικός (keramikos). ...
A fire retardant is a substance that helps to delay or prevent combustion. ...
An antifungal drug is medication used to treat fungal infections such as athletes foot, ringworm and candidiasis (thrush), as well as serious systemic infections like cryptococcal meningitis. ...
There is a disputed proposal to merge this article with glass-reinforced plastic. ...
Cellulose as polymer of β-D-glucose Cellulose in 3D Cellulose (C6H10O5)n is a polysaccharide of beta-glucose. ...
An insecticide is a pesticide used against insects in all developmental forms. ...
Subfamilies Aenictogitoninae Agroecomyrmecinae Amblyoponinae (incl. ...
Families Tungidae – sticktight and chigoe fleas (chiggers) Pulicidae – common fleas Coptopsyllidae Vermipsyllidae – carnivore fleas Rhopalopsyllidae – marsupial fleas Hypsophthalmidae Stephanocircidae Pygiopsyllidae Hystrichopsyllidae – rat and mouse fleas Leptopsyllidae – mouse and rat fleas Ischnopsyllidae – bat fleas Ceratophyllidae:-fleas mainly associated with rodents Amphipsyllidae Malacopsyllidae Dolichopsyllidae – rodent fleas Ctenopsyllidae Flea is the common name...
Sodium perborate (PBS), also called perboric acid or metaborate peroxyhydrate, is a white, odorless, water-soluble chemical compound with chemical formula NaBO3. ...
Laundry detergents are just one of many possible uses for detergents Detergent is a compound, or a mixture of compounds, intended to assist cleaning. ...
Boric acid, also called boracic acid or orthoboric acid or Acidum Boricum, is a mild acid often used as an antiseptic, insecticide, flame retardant, in nuclear power plants to control the fission rate of uranium, and as a precursor of other chemical compounds. ...
Borate is a salt or ester of boric acid. ...
Candidiasis, commonly called yeast infection or thrush, is a fungal infection of any of the Candida species, of which Candida albicans is the most common. ...
Binomial name Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 The horse (Equus caballus, sometimes seen as a subspecies of the Wild Horse, Equus ferus caballus) is a large odd-toed ungulate mammal, one of ten modern species of the genus Equus. ...
The horse hoof is the distal phalanx of the III digit of the four limbs of Equus species, and it is covered by complex horny structures. ...
Three dip pens, and six nibs. ...
Look up shellac in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Natural sources Borax occurs naturally in evaporite deposits produced by the repeated evaporation of seasonal lakes (see playa). The most commercially important deposits are found in Turkey and near Boron, California and other locations in the Southwestern United States, the Atacama desert in Chile, and in Tibet. Borax can also be produced synthetically from other boron compounds. [1] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
[1] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
A sample of evaporite material Evaporites (IPA: ) are water-soluble, mineral sediments that result from the evaporation of bodies of surficial water. ...
It has been suggested that Playa lake be merged into this article or section. ...
Boron is a census-designated place located in Kern County, California. ...
Regional definitions vary from source to source. ...
Atacama Desert The Atacama Desert of Chile is a virtually rainless plateau made up of salt basins (salares), sand, and lava flows, extending from the Andes mountains to the Pacific Ocean. ...
Tibet (older spelling Thibet; Tibetan: བོད་; Wylie: Bod; Lhasa dialect IPA: [; Simplified and Traditional Chinese: 西è—, Hanyu Pinyin: XÄ«zà ng; also referred to as è—区 (Simplified Chinese), è—å€ (Traditional Chinese), Zà ngqÅ« (Hanyu Pinyin), see Name section below) is a plateau region in Central Asia and the indigenous home to the Tibetan people. ...
Toxicity Boric acid, sodium borate, and sodium perborate are estimated to have a fatal dose from 0.1 to 0.5g/kg.[5] These substances are toxic to all cells, and have a slow excretion rate through the kidneys. Kidney toxicity is the greatest, with liver fatty degeneration, cerebral edema, and gastroenteritis. Boric acid solutions used as an eye wash or on abraded skin are known to be especially toxic to infants, especially after repeated use due to its slow elimination rate.[6]
Chemistry
![The structure of the anion [B4O5(OH)4]2− in borax](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Tetraborate-ion-3D-vdW.png/150px-Tetraborate-ion-3D-vdW.png) The structure of the anion [B 4O 5(OH) 4] 2− in borax The term borax is often used for a number of closely related minerals or chemical compounds that differ in their crystal water content: Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1100x1034, 202 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Borax ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1100x1034, 202 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Borax ...
Water of crystallization (alt. ...
- Anhydrous borax (Na2B4O7)
- Borax pentahydrate (Na2B4O7·5H2O)
- Borax decahydrate (Na2B4O7·10H2O)
Borax is generally described as Na2B4O7·10H2O. However, it is better formulated as Na2[B4O5(OH)4]·8H2O, since borax contains the [B4O5(OH)4]2− ion. In this structure, there are two four-coordinate boron atoms (two BO4 tetrahedra) and two three-coordinate boron atoms (two BO3 triangles).
Borax is also easily converted to boric acid and other borates, which have many applications. If left exposed to dry air, it slowly loses its water of hydration and becomes the white and chalky mineral tincalconite (Na2B4O7·5H2O). Boric acid, also called boracic acid or orthoboric acid or Acidum Boricum, is a mild acid often used as an antiseptic, insecticide, flame retardant, in nuclear power plants to control the fission rate of uranium, and as a precursor of other chemical compounds. ...
Borate is a salt or ester of boric acid. ...
Hydrate is a term which means different things in inorganic chemistry and organic chemistry. ...
Minerals are natural compounds formed through geological processes. ...
* Chemistry: Na2B4O7 - 5H2 O, Hydrated Sodium Borate. ...
When borax is burned, it produces a bright orange-colored flame. Because of this, it is sometimes used for homemade pyrotechnics.
See also Acids and bases: Acid-base reaction theories pH Self-ionization of water Buffer solutions Systematic naming Electrochemistry Acid-base extraction Acids: Strong acids Weak acids Superacids Lewis acids Mineral acids Organic acids Bases: Strong bases Weak bases Superbases Lewis bases Organic bases edit Buffer solutions are solutions which resist change...
The borax bead test is a traditional part of qualitative inorganic analysis to test for the presence of certain metals. ...
Sodium borohydride, also known as sodium tetrahydroborate, has the chemical formula NaBH4. ...
Ulexite (NaCaB5O9·8H2O) (hydrated sodium calcium borate hydroxide) is a mineral occurring in silky white rounded crystalline masses or in parallel fibers. ...
Twenty-mule-team Borax is a brand of cleaner manufactured by the U.S. soap firm Dial Corporation. ...
Francis Marion Borax Smith (February 2, 1846 - August 27, 1931) was an American borax magnate and civic builder of Oakland, CA. Francis Marion Smith was born in Richmond, Wisconsin on February 2, 1846. ...
John Veatch, a surgeon, surveyor, and scientist, was known for his discovery of large deposits of borax in mineral water at Tuscan Springs, California, on January 8th, 1856. ...
References - ^ "borax." Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged. Merriam-Webster, 2002. http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com
- ^ "borax", OED
- ^ DOI:10.1016/j.ab.2004.05.054 Analytical Biochemistry 2004; 333: 1-13
- ^ DOI:10.1119/1.1972398 Am. J. Phys. 34, xvi (1966)
- ^ Handbook of Poisoning, Robert H. Dreisback, eighth edition, p.314
- ^ Goodman and Gillman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 6th edition, chapter on Antiseptics and Disinfectants, page 971
A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ...
A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ...
External links - Links to external chemical sources
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