Boris Grebenshchikov, 1985

Boris Grebenshchikov (Russian: Борис Гребенщиков) is one of the most prominent members of the generation which is widely considered the "founding fathers" of Russian rock music. Due as much to his personal contribution as to the undisputed and lasting success of his main effort, the band Aquarium, he is a household name in Russia. Image File history File links Akvarium. ... Image File history File links Akvarium. ... An aquarium is also watertank, and Aquarium is the name of an album by the Danish pop-dance group Aqua Aquarium is a Russian rock-group, formed in Leningrad in 1972 by Boris Grebenshikov, then a student of Applied Mathematics at Leningrad University, and Anatoly George Gunitsky, then a playwright...

Colloquially known as "BG" (after his initials), Grebenshchikov was born on November 27, 1953 in Leningrad. He co-founded Aquarium with a childhood friend, Anatoly "George" Gunitsky, in 1972 as a post-modernistic theater-centric effort that involved poetry and music. Gunitsky provided absurdist, highly symbolic lyrics to some of BG's earliest songs. November 27 is the 331st day (332nd on leap years) of the year. ... 1953 (MCMLIII) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland...

Despite an eventual graduate degree in Applied Mathematics, Grebenshchikov had always been a voracious consumer of culture, especially music. His school-years enamorment with the Beatles eventually extended to include a deep appreciation of Bob Dylan, which slowly transformed Aquarium into a low-fi electric blues band that moonlighted in acoustic reggae. The first song he managed to play on guitar was The Beatles' Ticket To Ride; his first public performance, in 1973, featured him performing songs by Cat Stevens. The Beatles appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show in 1964 as part of their first tour of the United States, promoting their first hit single there, I Want To Hold Your Hand. ... Bob Dylan (born Robert Allen Zimmerman on 24 May 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota) is an American singer-songwriter, musician and poet. ... Ticket To Ride is the title of a 1965 song by the 1960s pop/rock band The Beatles. ... Cat Stevens (born Stephen Demetre Georgiou on July 21, 1948, and now named Yusuf Islam) is best known for his tenure as a popular British singer-songwriter. ...

Early years

The first six years of Aquarium's history lacked cohesion as Grebenshchikov and his various bandmates followed the Soviet equivalent of the hippy lifestyle: playing apartment jams, drinking the low-quality port wine available from the Soviet stores of the time, and intermittently travelling to remote gigs, even hitchhiking on rail freight cars. A glass of tawny port. ...

Youthful philandering was heavily frowned upon by the Communist Party regime; decent recording facilities were out of reach because experiments in non-standardized self-expression were routinely suppressed as a matter of policy. The several homebrew 2-track recordings hacked out over those years ("Temptation of St. Aquarium" (Iskushenie Svyatogo Akvariuma), "Count Diffusor's Fables" (Pritchi grafa Diffuzora), "Menuet for a Farmer" (Menuet zemledel'tzu), and a motley crew of "singles") were of necessity extremely unprofessional, but already showcased the off-kilter wit, showy erudition, and a pervasive interest in Oriental thought and mysticism that eventually became BG's trademarks. Communism - Wikipedia /**/ @import /w/skins-1. ...

The year 1976 also saw the recording of BG's first solo album, "On the Other Side of the Looking Glass" (S toy storony zerkal'nogo stekla; the name is in fact a reference to Lewis Caroll), and a duo album with another prominent nascent Russian rock-n-roller, Mike Naumenko (web site in Russian), "All Brothers - Sisters" (Vse brat'ya - sestry). Photograph of Lewis Carroll taken by himself, with assistance Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (January 27, 1832 – January 14, 1898), better known by the pen name Lewis Carroll, was a British author, mathematician, logician, Anglican clergyman and photographer. ...

Classical years

BG's big break (or, in retrospect, his and the band's "watershed" moment), however, came in 1980, when Artem Troitzky (web site in Russian), the first public Russian rock critic and the enabling figure in many a Russian rock musician's carrier, invited Aquarium to perform at the Tbilisi Rock Festival. Tbilisi (Georgian თბილისი) is the capital city of the country of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura (Mtkvari) river, at 41°43′N 44°47′E. Tbilisi is still sometimes known by its former Turkish name of Tiflis. ...

The festival was a state-sanctioned attempt to channel the then-burgeoning Russian rock music movement into a controllable ideological vessel. If featured a laundered list of party-proof bland rock bands, but also Kraftwerk, whose performance was accompanied by frisbees being launched into the public. Members of the jury (the occasion was officially an artistic contest) were not amused. A covert KGB-bound report pinned the shennanigans on Aquarium, which caused BG to lose his day job at a backwater design bureau (of a kind that employed the majority of technical specialty graduates in the Soviet Union; Russians called them "P.O. Box" (pochtoviy yaschik) because their street addresses were never revealed), and membership in Komsomol, a Young Communist League, which was a career kiss of death for a Soviet citizen in 1980. Album cover of Trans-Europe Express (1977). ... Komsomol (Комсомол) is a syllabic abbreviation word, from the Russian Kommunisticheski Soyuz Molodiozhi (Коммунистический союз молодёжи), or Communist Union of Youth. The organisation served as the youth wing of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( CPSU), the youngest members being fourteen years old, the upper limit for an age...

The band's underground profile, however, had continued to rise sharply over the next 7 years, post-Brezhnev KGB-fueled reactionism and Gorbachev's perestroika notwithstanding. This was both due to talent, and the scarcity of supply - Western rock music was still officially banned at the time. Over the first five albums, the band attracted guitarist Alexander Lyapin, considered to be among the best rock guitar players of Russian origin, the pianist Sergey Kuryokhin, renowned for the impressive speed and virtuosity of his playing and boundless avant-garde experimentation, and Igor Butman, a world-class jazz saxophone player and one of the reigning kings of Russian jazz. Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev  listen? ( Russian: Леони́д Ильи́ч Бре́жнев) ( December 19, 1906 – November 10, 1982) was effective ruler of the Soviet Union from 1964 to 1982, though at first in partnership with others. ... The KGB emblem and motto: The sword and the shield KGB (transliteration of КГБ) is the Russian-language acronym for State Security Committee, (Russian: â–¶ (help· info); Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti). ... Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (Russian: ; Pronunciation: mih-kha-ILL ser-GHE-ye-vich gor-bah-CHOFF) (born March 2, 1931), was leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991. ... Poster showing Mikhail Gorbachev Perestroika â–¶ (help· info) (Перестро́йка) is the Russian word (which passed into English) for the economic reforms introduced in June 1987 by the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. ... Sergey Kuryokhin (Russian: , other spellings include Sergei Kuriokhin, Sergueï Kouriokhine, Sergey Kuriokhin, etc. ...

By the time Aquarium disbanded amid internal squabble in 1987, they had 11 "official" records behind their belt and were considered a living legend of Russian rock. BG himself was likened to Bob Dylan, not least because of his borrowing amply from Dylan in his earlier years. "Railway water" (Zheleznodorozhnaya voda) off the 1981 "Blue album" (Siniy albom), for example, is a spitting image of Dylan's "It takes a lot to laugh" off the 1961 "Highway 61 revisited".

Going West

Perestroika has ushered in a new era of opportunity for rock musicians; several of the more prominent ones got breaks in the West. BG's came from Dave Stewart (of Eurythmics fame). Stewart-produced "Radio Silence" was released in 1989, featuring covers of Alexander Vertinsky's "China" amid songs by BG, including a song written to Sir Thomas Malory's "Death of King Arthur". Annie Lennox and Chrissie Hynde helped out, as did several of BG's bandmates from Aquarium. Dave Stewart is the name of several famous people, including: David A. Stewart, a member of the 1980s band Eurythmics; Dave Stewart (musician), a keyboardist with various progressive rock ensembles; Dave Stewart, drummer with Fish and other progressive rock acts; Dave Stewart, guitarist who has worked with Steve Hillage; and... Duo Annie Lennox and David Stewart in a promotional shot for their 1999 album, Peace. ... In telecommunications, radio silence is a status maintained where all fixed or mobile radio stations in an area stop transmitting. ... Alexander Vertinskiy (Russian Александр Вертинский, 1889 in Kiev - 1957 in Moscow) was Russian singer, componist, cabaret artist and actor. ... Sir Thomas Malory (c. ... Annie Lennox is an Oscar-winning British rock musician and vocalist. ... Cover of a Pretenders collection Greatest Hits showing Chrissie Hynde Chrissie Hynde is an American rock musician, best known as the leader of the band The Pretenders. ...

The name of the album proved self-ironic in the extreme as it hasn't made so much as a dent in the charts. Part of the failure can be attributed to the fact that unlike the Anglo-American rock-n-roll culture, the Russian song tradition heavily emphasizes lyrical complexity over hooks or drive, which reinforces the not entirely fair comparisons between BG and Dylan.

BG issued another English-language album, "Radio London", in 1990, which consisted of demos, but had some very appealing material to it.

Returning East

Disillusioned in the possibility of exporting the Russian song-writing tradition to the West, BG returned to Russia and entered a phase of returning to his Russian roots. The year 1991 saw him come out with a "Russian album" (Russkiy al'bom), backed by an all-new, eponymous BG Band. The album featured a line-up of songs very "Russian" in both lyric and tune, and wasn't initially met with much public appreciation (in retrospect, however, it is considered by most critics one of his best records). BG was defiant, however, and went on record as having flipped a bird off the stage toward someone yelling demands for him to perform songs from the Classical period. His career since has proved time and again that he is not fond of rehashing the past, however glorious.

No matter the defiance, the Aquarium brand was too strong to eschew and even the next two albums, one mostly filler ("Ramses IV's favorite songs" (Lyubimye pesni Ramzesa IV)) and one all B-sides ("Sands of St. Peterburg" (Peski Peterburga)), were released under the name Aquarium. By the time of 1994's "Kostroma Mon Amour" BG's mastery of folk melody and lyric has grown to new heights, and a new band lineup was going full steam.

The band's next three albums (effectively BG's solo albums published under the band's brand) - "Navigator", "Snow lion" (Snezhniy lev), and "Hyperborea" - also have a stylized Russian feel. Navigator especially is widely recognized as a classic example of Russian songwriting, albeit with notable touches of blues and French chanson. The songs are melancholic bordering on heart-rending; the lyrics are either drenched in post-Byron spleen, or full of BG-branded variant of Russian irony steeped in a sense of separation between self and the world. The blues is a vocal and instrumental form of music based on a pentatonic scale and a characteristic twelve-bar chord progression. ... Chanson is a French word for song, and in English-language contexts is often applied to any song with French words, particularly a cabaret song. ... Lord Byron, English poet George Gordon (Noel) Byron, 6th Baron Byron (January 22, 1788–April 19, 1824) was an English poet and leading figure in Romanticism. ...

And back to basics

As of 1997, however, the Russian nationalism seems to have run its course for BG. His 1997 album "Lilith" is still mostly Russian in lyrical theme, but is recorded, by way of a chance meeting, with his idol Dylan's one time backup band, The Band. In 1998 BG, who was by then settling into a cult classic status in Russia, played a one-man-and-his-guitar show of 70's and 80's songs to a small audience of fans in a San Francisco bar, and decided to return to reggae-n-rock-n-roll roots. The Band were an influential Canadian-American rock and roll group of the 1960s and 1970s. ...

1999's "Psi" features just that, as interpreted through a post-modernistic lens with ample, highly inventive use of keyboard-triggered samplers. 2002's "Sister Chaos" (Sestra Haos), 2003's "Fisherman's songs" (Pesni rybaka), and 2005's "ZOOM ZOOM ZOOM" feature the same, painted by sparse touches of Armenian (Jivan Gasparyan on "Northern Wind"), Indian (the entire of "Fisherman's songs") and African (some of "ZOOM ZOOM ZOOM"). Despite all of these having been issued under the Aquarium brand, it is recognized that by now Aquarium is "the people who play with Grebenshchikov". Djivan Gasparyan (b. ... Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. ...

In a very appealing touch of overcompensation, as technology and funds had begun to permit, sometime in the 90s BG had become incredibly quality-conscious with his records. As the state of sound engineering in Russia left (still does) a lot to be desired, he had begun tracking in London's studios. "Navigator", a predominantly acoustic album with a highly refined, "the-band-is-in-the-room" intimate soft of a mix saw BG sell his car and part of his guitar collection to cover tracking costs. The quality of his recent recordings may give the better of Western singer-songwriters a run for their money.

Worth noting

BG has virtually always been able to skillfully combine his interests into a cohesive, if highly eclectic, whole. His lyrics can feature Hinduism, Russian Orthodoxy, and drug use in the same quatrain and not make one blink an eye. The ability has only grown stronger over the years. 1999's "Psi" switches from detailed references to samurai culture to mentions of a certain carpenter's son to data storage on hard drives, all the while maintaining tight lyrical cohesion. This article is about the Hindu religion; for other meanings of the word, see Hindu (disambiguation). ... The Russian Orthodox Church (Русская Православная церковь) is that body of Christians who are united under the Patriarch of Moscow, who in turn is in communion with the other patriarchs of the Eastern Orthodox Church. ... Japanese samurai in armour, 1860s. ...

His output has been rather prolific. Over the 30+ years of his carrier he wrote 500+ songs, most of which were recorded and/or performed publicly. At this point Aquarium has 21 albums in the official discography, approx. 12 "unofficial ones", and about as many live records. Additionally, BG recorded cover albums on material from the two most prominent Russian-language songwriters -- Alexander Vertinsky (1994's "Songs of A.Vertinsky" (Pesni A.Vertinskogo)) and Bulat Okudzhava (1999's "Songs of B.Okudzhava" (Pesni B.Okudzhavy)) --, two albums of mantra music with Gabrielle Roth and the Mirrors, (1998's "Refuge" and 2002's "Bardo"), and an album of electronica versions of Aquarium songs from late 70's - early 80's with the Russian duo Deadushki. Which left him time to be credited on records by big-in-Russia bands Nautilus Pompilius, Mashina Vremeni and Kino, as well as the UK acts Shakespeare's Sister and Kate St. John. This list is not exhaustive, either. Alexander Vertinskiy (Russian Александр Вертинский, 1889 in Kiev - 1957 in Moscow) was Russian singer, componist, cabaret artist and actor. ... Russian bard Bulat Okudjava Bulat Okudjava Bulat Shalvovich Okudzhava (or Boulat Okudjava/Okoudjava/Okoudzhava; Russian: ) (May 9, 1924 - June 12, 1997) was one of the founders of the Russian genre called authors song (авторская песня, avtorskaya pesnya). ... Five Rhythms is a system of Ecstatic Movement Practice devised by Gabrielle Roth in the 1960s. ... Nautilus Pompilius (Cyrillic: Наутилиус Помпилиус), frequently abbreviated as Nau, was a legendary Russian rock band active between 1987 and 1997. ... The band, from the book All is very simple The Russian rock group Mashina Vremeni (Маши́на вре́мени, Russian for Time Machine) is a cross-generation phenomenon formed in the late 1960s in the Soviet Union. ... Kino (Russian: Кино́, often written uppercase) was a Russian rock band headed by Viktor Tsoi. ... Shakespears Sister was a band consisting of Siobhan Fahey (formerly of Bananarama) and Marcella Detroit. ... Kate St John is a female musician, vocalist, composer, record producer, and arranger. ...

BG is also known as a student of religion and mysticism. He translated several Hinduist and Buddhist books for publication in Russian, travelled the Orient widely, and is friends with A-list spiritual celebrities. He is just as familiar with the Russian Orthodox tradition (Aquarium web site has had a call for discovery of Orthodox relics going for years), and used to mix them freely in his lyrics. "Russian Nirvana" (Russkaya Nirvana) off "Kostroma mon amour", e.g., is a dual-pointed send-up containing a reference to "sitting down in the lotus posture in the middle of Kremlin". His relentless promotion of Tibetan buddhism in the 90's and his tendency to use buddhist-derived logic with touches of absurdism to avoid answering questions in interviews make him pretty distinct amongst other Russian artists.

BG also translated several Buddhist and Hinduist texts to Russian, including:

Chokyi Nyima Rinpoche (son of Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche) "Bardo Guidebook" - "source material for the "Tibetan Book of Living & Dying" a.k.a. "Tibetan Book of the Dead" Bardo Thodol, in 1995; Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche 1920-1996 (sprul sku o rgyan rin po che). ... The Bardo Thodol, sometimes called the Tibetan Book of the Dead, is a funerary text that describes the experiences of the consciousness after death during the interval known as bardo between death and rebirth. ...

Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche "Repeating Words of the Buddha" - "the essential points of spiritual practice, inseparable from everyday life.", in 1997; Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche 1920-1996 (sprul sku o rgyan rin po che). ...

Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche "Rainbow Painting" - "addressing the topics of practices of accumulating and purifying to facilitate unification of view and conduct", in 1999; Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche 1920-1996 (sprul sku o rgyan rin po che). ...

Shibendu Lahiri "Kriya yoga" - "authentic teachings and techniques of Kriya Yoga", in 2003; Kriya yoga is a system of Indian yoga that was first popularized in the West by Paramahansa Yogananda. ...

"The Katha Upanishad", Upanishad belonging to the Yajur Veda, in 2005. The Upanishad (उपनिषद्, Upaniá¹£ad) are part of the Hindu Shruti scriptures which primarily discuss meditation and philosophy and are seen as religious instructions by most schools of Hinduism. ... The Yajur Veda यजुर्वेद is one of the four Hindu Vedas; it contains religious texts focussing on liturgy and ritual. ...

He has a rather unique singing voice. A combination of his natural timbre and a specific vibrato slightly reminiscent of a goat with downward expansion of range and unusual resonation (acquired through training) make his voice highly recognizable.

Singles

The Billboard Hot 100 is the United States music industry standard singles popularity chart issued weekly by Billboard magazine. ... The Modern Rock Tracks chart is a music chart that has appeared in Billboard magazine since the early 1980s. ... The Mainstream Rock Tracks chart is a ranking in Billboard magazine of the most-played songs on mainstream rock radio stations, a category that includes stations that play primarily rock music but are not modern rock stations, which are counted in the Modern Rock Tracks chart. ... See also: 1988 in music, other events of 1989, 1990 in music, 1980s in music and the list of years in music // Events January 7 - Genesis 88 and Sunrise/Back to the Future stage large-scale illegal Acid House party in London January 14 - Paul McCartney releases Back in the... In telecommunications, radio silence is a status maintained where all fixed or mobile radio stations in an area stop transmitting. ...

External links

• Aquarium web-site
• This article borrows from the "Short history of Aquarium", which seems to be public domain.
• Aquarium Bookshelf with Buddhist materials translated to Russian by BG
• The Bodhisattvas of Babylon, an English-language fan site