Borjigin (plural Borjigit or Borjigid; Khalkha Mongolian: Боржигин, Borjigin; Chinese: 博爾濟吉特; Pinyin: Bó'ěrjìjítè) were the imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors. The family ruled over a united Mongol Empire in the 13th century and, in 1271, Kublai Khan—who, as a direct descendant and grandson of Genghis, also carried the name—established the Yuan Dynasty in China. The Borjigit continued to rule over the Mongol Empire, China, and other parts of Asia for much of the following century. In 1368, under Ukhaatu Khan, the Borjigit lost China but members of the family continued to rule over Mongolia into the 17th century and they were the strongest of the 49 Mongol banners well into the Qing Dynasty of China. Borjigin is a common surname in Mongolia today. Mongolian is the best-known member of the Mongolic language family, and the primary language of most of the residents of Mongolia. ... Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ), commonly called Pinyin, is the most common variant of Standard Mandarin romanization system in use. ... A clan is a group of people united by kinship and descent, which is defined by perceived descent from a common ancestor. ... For other uses, see Genghis Khan (disambiguation). ... Expansion of the Mongol Empire Another picture of Mongol Empire The Mongol Empire (Mongolian: Их Монгол Улс, literally meaning Greater Mongol Nation; 1206–1405) was the largest contiguous land empire in history, covering over 33 million km² [1] (12 million square miles) at its peak, with an estimated population of over 100 million... Kublai Khan, Khubilai Khan or the last of the Great Khans (September 23, 1215[8] - February 18, 1294[9]) (Mongolian: Хубилай хаан, Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ), was a Mongol military leader. ... The four successor Khanates of the Mongol Empire Capital Dadu Language(s) Mongolian Chinese Government Monarchy Emperor  - 1260-1294 Kublai Khan  - 1333-1370 Ukhaatu Khan History  - establishing the Yuan Dynasty 1271  - Fall of Dadu September 14, 1368 Population  - 1330 est. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ... Ukhaatu Khan (Classical Mongolian: Uqaɤatu qaɤan; Khalkha Mongolian: Ухаант хаан Uhaant haan), born Toghun Temür, was the fifteenth grand-khan of the Mongol Empire (Dai-ön Ulus/Yuan Dynasty). ... A banner (Mongolian: khoshuu, Chinese: 旗, pinyin: qí) is an administrative division of Inner Mongolia. ... Flag (1890-1912) Anthem Gong Jinou (1911) Territory of Qing China in 1892 Capital Shengjing (1636-1644) Beijing (1644-1912) Language(s) Chinese Manchu Mongolian Government Monarchy Emperor  - 1636-1643 Huang Taiji  - 1908-1912 Xuantong Emperor Prime Minister  - 1911 Yikuang  - 1911-1912 Yuan Shikai History  - Establishment of the Late... A family name, or surname, is that part of a persons name that indicates to what family he or she belongs. ...

Origins

The word borjigin derives of two different words uniting to mean one single word to identify the name of the forefathers and the few generations of the bairns of Genghis Khan. The words are originally of Turkic origin and combined the words börü (wolf) and tigin/tegin (prince). For details about the meaning of wolf symbolism in Turkic politics, see Asena and Ashina. The Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken across a vast area from Eastern Europe to Siberia and Western China with an estimated 140 million native speakers and tens of millions of second-language speakers. ... Asena is the name of a female wolf in Turkic mythology. ... Ashina (also Asen or Asena), the ruling dynasty of the ancient Turks, according to Xin Tangshu they were related to the northern tribes from Xiongnu, though four theories were already established prior to the present under Zhoushu, Suishu and Youyang Zazu from as early as the 7th-century [1]. The...

When the Uyghurs, successors of the Göktürks in the region, moved towards the area of Turfan, the Mongol Shévéys inhabited the area which fell to the north of Ötükän (the homeland of all Turkic peoples, now the Khangai Mountains). Those Shévéy people used to tend the camel herds of the Uyghurs and used to fight the Tungus and the Manchu peoples who wanted to obtain and conduct such duty. The Khagan of the Uyghurs who angered over this issue decided to send Börü Tigin (Wolf Prince), who was one of the princes in his court, along with his family as başbuğ (leader) to those Shévéy. This Börütigin family put things back in order, increased the number of camel herds and made Mongols adopt many Turkic legends and sagas. Uyghurs (also called Uighurs, Uygurs, or Uigurs) (Chinese:维吾尔 or 維吾爾 ; in pinyin: wéiwúěr) are a Turkic ethnic group of people living in northwestern China (mainly in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, where they are the dominant ethnic group together with Han people... The Göktürks or Kök-Türks were a Turkic people of ancient Central Asia and China. ... position in China Street of Turfan View of the Flaming mountains Emin minaret, Turfan Turfan (Uyghur: تۇرپان; Uyghur latin: Turpan; Modern Chinese 吐魯番, Pinyin: TÇ”lÇ”fán; ) is an oasis city in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Ötüken (also spelled Etugen, Itügen or Odigan) is a sacred mountain of the ancient Turks. ... The Khangai mountains (mongolian , Khangain nuruu) are a mountain range in central Mongolia, some 400 kilometres south-west of Ulaanbaatar. ... The term Tungusic peoples is used to describe a peoples speaking a Tungusic languages. ... Khagan or Great Khan (Old Turkic , alternatively spelled Chagan, Khaghan, Kagan, Qagan, Qaghan), is a title of imperial rank in the Mongolian and Turkic languages equal to the status of emperor and someone who rules a Khaganate (empire, greater than an ordinary Khan, but often referred to as such in... The name Mongols (Mongolian: Mongol) specifies one or several ethnic groups. ...

Around 1160 near the Onon river, a child named Temuchin was born to the Börütigin family that were at the head of the Shévéys who inhabited Ötükän who would become Genghis Khan. For other uses, see Genghis Khan (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Genghis Khan (disambiguation). ...

Genghisids

Main article: Descent from Genghis Khan

Descent from Genghis Khan is traceable primarily in Central Asia. His four sons and other immediate descendants are famous by names and by deeds. Later Asian potentates attempted to claim such descent even with flimsy grounds. In the 14th century, valid sources (heavily dependent on Rashid al-Din and other Arabic historians) all but dry up. With the recent popularity of genealogical DNA testing, a wider circle of people started to claim descent from the great conqueror. Medieval culture was full of rulers who boasted having a highest and mightiest ancestry. ... Medieval culture was full of rulers who boasted having a highest and mightiest ancestry. ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ... Rashid al-Din Tabib also Rashid ad-Din Fadhlullah Hamadani (1247 - 1318), was a Persian physician, writer and historian, who wrote an enormous Islamic history volume, the Jami al-Tawarikh, in the Persian language. ... // A genealogical DNA test involves examining the nucleotides at specific locations on a persons DNA. The tests results are meant to have no informative medical value and do not determine specific genetic diseases or disorders (see possible exceptions in Medical information below); they are intended only for use in...

Among the Asian dynasties descended from Genghis Khan were the Yuan Dynasty of China, the Ilkhanids of Persia, the Jochids of the Golden Horde, the Shaybanids of Siberia, and the Astrakhanids of Central Asia. As a rule, the Genghisid descent was crucial in Tatar politics. For instance, Mamai had to exercise his authority through a succession of puppet khans but could not assume the title of khan himself because he was not of the Genghisid lineage. The four successor Khanates of the Mongol Empire Capital Dadu Language(s) Mongolian Chinese Government Monarchy Emperor  - 1260-1294 Kublai Khan  - 1333-1370 Ukhaatu Khan History  - establishing the Yuan Dynasty 1271  - Fall of Dadu September 14, 1368 Population  - 1330 est. ... Khanates of Mongolian Empire: Il-Khanate, Chagatai Khanate, Empire of the Great Khan (Yuan Dynasty), Golden Horde The Ilkhanate (also spelled Il-khanate or Il Khanate) was one of the four divisions within the Mongol Empire. ... For other uses of this term see: Persia (disambiguation) The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). ... The four successor Khanates of the Mongol Empire: Empire of the Great Khan (Yuan Dynasty), Golden Horde, Il-Khanate and Chagatai Khanate The Golden Horde (Mongolian: Altan Ordyn Uls; Turkish: ; Tatar: ; Russian: ) was a Mongol[1][2][3][4] — later Turkicized[3] — khanate established in parts of present-day Russia... The Shaybanid dynasty was a 16th century Uzbek dynasty founded by Muhammad Shaybani. ... It has been suggested that Western Siberia be merged into this article or section. ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ... Mamai (or Mamay) was a powerful military commander of Golden Horde in the 1370s, who resided in the western part of this nomadic state, which is now the Southern Ukrainian Steppes and the Crimean Peninsula. ... Khan (sometimes spelled as Xan, Han, Ke-Han) is a title. ...

Modern relevance

Clan association has lost its practical relevance in the 20th century, but is still considered a matter of honour and pride by many Mongolians. In 1920s the communist regime banned the use of clan names. When the ban was lifted again in 1997, most families had lost knowledge about their clan association. Because of that, a disproportionate number of families registered the most prestigious clan name Borjigin, many of them without historic justification.^[1]

Notes

1. ^ "In Search of Sacred Names", Mongolia Today