The subfamily Borophaginae is an extinct group of canids that were native to North America, and lived from roughly 34 to 2.5 million years ago (Oligocene to Pliocene).[1] ... Genera Alopex Atelocynus Canis Cerdocyon Chrysocyon Cuon Dusicyon Fennecus Lycalopex Lycaon Nyctereutes Otocyon Pseudalopex Speothos Urocyon Vulpes Canidae is the family of carnivorous and omnivorous mammals commonly known as canines. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... The Oligocene epoch is a geologic period of time that extends from about 34 million to 23 million years before the present. ... The Pliocene epoch (spelled Pleiocene in some older texts) is the period in the geologic timescale that extends from 5. ...

The Borophaginae apparently descended from the subfamily Hesperocyoninae; they evolved to become considerably larger than their predecessors, and filled a wide range of niches in late Cenozoic North America, from small omnivores to powerful, bear-sized carnivores such as Epicyon.[2],[3] The Cenozoic Era (sen-oh-ZOH-ik; sometimes Caenozoic Era in the United Kingdom) meaning new life (Greek kainos = new + zoe = life) is the most recent of the three classic geological eras. ... An omnivore (from Latin: omne all, everything; vorare to devour) is an animal that eats both plants and meat. ... Genera Ailuropoda Ursus Tremarctos Arctodus(extinct) A bear is a very large mammal of the order Carnivora, family Ursidae. ...

Often generically referred to as "bone-crushing dogs" for their powerful teeth and jaws, and hyena-like features (although their dentition was more primitive than that of hyenas), their fossils are abundant and widespread; in all likelihood, they were probably one of the top predators of their ecosystem.[4],^[5] Their good fossil record has also allowed a detailed reconstruction of their phylogeny, showing that the group was highly diverse in its heyday.[6] Types of teeth Molars are used for grinding up foods Carnassials are used for slicing food. ... Genera Crocuta Hyaena Parahyaena Proteles Hyenas (or Hyænas) are moderately large terrestrial carnivores native to Africa and Asia. ... Dentition is the development of teeth and their arrangement in the mouth. ... A fossil Ammonite Fossils (from Latin fossus, literally having been dug up) are the mineralized or otherwise preserved remains or traces (such as footprints) of animals, plants, and other organisms. ... In ecology, an ecosystem is a combination of all the living and non-living elements of an area. ... In biology, phylogenetics (Greek: phylon = tribe, race and genetikos = relative to birth, from genesis = birth) is the study of evolutionary relatedness among various groups of organisms (e. ...

Noteworthy genera in this group are Aelurodon, Epicyon, Borophagus, and Osteoborus. Aelurodon is an extinct genus of the subfamily Borophaginae. ... Borophagines are extinct canids of the subfamily Borophaginae, which flourished in North America from the Miocene through the Pliocene epochs. ...

See also:

• Borophagus

Borophagines are extinct canids of the subfamily Borophaginae, which flourished in North America from the Miocene through the Pliocene epochs. ...

References:

• Rebecca Postanowicz. "Lioncrusher's Domain: Canidae." (Accessed 4/12/06)

• ↑ Alan Turner, "National Geographic: Prehistoric Mammals" (Washington, D.C.: Firecrest Books Ltd., 2004), pp. 112-114. ISBN 0792271343

• Wang et al., "Phylogenetic Systematics of the Borophaginae (Carnivora:Canidae)." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, No. 243, Nov. 17 1999. (PDF) (Accessed 4/12/06)