? Borrelia burgdorferi
Borrelia burgdorferi as viewed via darkfield microscopy.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Spirochaetes Class: Spirochaetes Order: Spirochaetales Family: Spirochaetaceae Genus: Borrelia Species: B. burgdorferi
Binomial name
Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson RC et al 1984

Borrelia burgdorferi is a spirochete bacteria and the causative agent of Lyme disease.^[1] B. burgdorferi is microaerophillic and slow-growing—the primary reason for the long delays when diagnosing Lyme disease. There are a large number of sub-species which differ in clinical symptoms and/or presentation as well as geographic distribution.^[2] Image File history File links Borrelia_burgdorferi_01. ... Dark-Field microscope- uses a method whereby the sample being viewed is actually in front of a dark background and light is being angled onto the specimen from the sides. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms (as opposed to folk taxonomy). ... Phyla/Divisions Actinobacteria Aquificae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chlamydiae/Verrucomicrobia Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Nitrospirae Omnibacteria Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Bacteria (singular, bacterium) are a major group of living organisms. ... Families Spirochaetaceae Brachyspiraceae    Brachyspira    Serpulina Leptospiraceae    Leptospira    Leptonema The spirochaetes (or spirochetes) are a phylum of distinctive bacteria, which have long, helically coiled cells. ... Families Spirochaetaceae Brachyspiraceae    Brachyspira    Serpulina Leptospiraceae    Leptospira    Leptonema The spirochaetes (or spirochetes) are a phylum of distinctive bacteria, which have long, helically coiled cells. ... Families Spirochaetaceae Brachyspiraceae    Brachyspira    Serpulina Leptospiraceae    Leptospira    Leptonema The spirochaetes (or spirochetes) are a phylum of distinctive bacteria, which have long, helically coiled cells. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Borrelia burgdorferi. ... In biology, binomial nomenclature is the formal method of naming species. ... Families Spirochaetaceae Brachyspiraceae    Brachyspira    Serpulina Leptospiraceae    Leptospira    Leptonema The spirochaetes (or spirochetes) are a phylum of distinctive bacteria, which have long, helically coiled cells. ... Wikispecies has information related to: Borrelia Lyme disease or Lyme borreliosis is the most common vector-borne disease in the Northern Hemisphere. ... Microaerophilic organisms are a specific type of organism that requires oxygen to survive, but requires or can tolerate environments containing lower levels of oxygen than are present in the atmosphere (~20% concentration). ...

The life-cycle of B. burgdorferi is complex, requiring ticks, rodents, and deer at various points. Mice are the primary reservoir for the bacteria; Ixodes ticks then transmit the B. burgdorferi infection to deer.^[1],[3] Families Ixodidae- Hard ticks Argasidae- Soft ticks Nuttalliellidae Tick is the common name for the small arachnids that, along with mites, constitute the order Acarina. ... Families Many, see text The order Rodentia is the most numerous of all the branches on the mammal family tree. ... Subfamilies Capreolinae Cervinae Hydropotinae Muntiacinae A deer is a ruminant mammal belonging to the family Cervidae. ... Feral mouse A mouse is a mammal that belongs to one of numerous species of small rodents in the genus Mus and various related genera of the family Muridæ (Old World Mice). ... ...

The life-cycle concept encompassing reservoirs and infections in multiple hosts has recently been expanded to encompass forms of the spirochete which differ from the motile corkscrew form, and these include cystic forms spheroplast-like, straighted non-coiled bacillary forms which are immotile due to flagellin mutations and granular forms coccoid in profile. The model of Plasmodium species Malaria with multiple parasitic profiles demonstrable in various host insects and mammals is the textbook model for a similarly complex proposed Borrelia spirochete life cycle. ^{[4] [5] [6]} Red blood cell infected with Malaria, derived from mala aria (Medieval Italian for bad air) and formerly called ague or marsh fever in English, is an infectious disease which causes about 350-500 million infections with humans and approximately 1. ...

References

1. ^ ^a b Johnson RC (1996). Leptospira. In: Barron's Medical Microbiology (Barron S et al, eds.), 4th ed., Univ of Texas Medical Branch. (via NCBI Bookshelf) ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.
2. ^ Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology, 4th ed., McGraw Hill. ISBN 0838585299.
3. ^ Karlen A (2000). Biography of a Germ. Pantheon. ISBN 0375401997.
4. ^ {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16716532&query_hl=3&itool=pubmed_docsum]
5. ^ {http://www.springerlink.com/(25j1zenolti2w445sfabub55)/app/home/contribution.asp?referrer=parent&backto=issue,14,21;journal,43,237;linkingpublicationresults,1:103905,1}
6. ^ {http://www.lymeinfo.net/medical/LDAdverseConditions.pdf

External links

• Borrelia burgdorferi B31 at Genome Project