In football (soccer), the Bosman ruling is a 1995 European Court of Justice decision that allows professional football players in the European Union (EU) to move freely to another club at the end of their term of contract with their present team. A player (wearing the red kit) has penetrated the defence (in the white kit) and is taking a shot at goal. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ... European Court of Justice building, Luxembourg The Court of Justice of the European Communities, usually called the European Court of Justice (ECJ), is the highest court of the European Union (EU). ... A professional can be either a person in a profession (certain types of skilled work requiring formal training / education) or in sports (a sportsman / sportwoman doing sports for payment). ... In football (soccer), a free transfer involves a team releasing a player once their contract has expired or made available just before the end of the contract. ...

The ruling was made in a consolidation of three separate legal cases, all involving Belgian player Jean-Marc Bosman: Jean-Marc Bosman (born October 30, 1964) is a former Belgian football (soccer) player, whose judicial challenge of the football transfer rules led to the Bosman ruling. ...

• Union royale belge des sociétés de football association ASBL v Jean-Marc Bosman
• Royal club liégeois SA v Jean-Marc Bosman and others
• Union des associations européennes de football (UEFA) v Jean-Marc Bosman

In 2007 ppl killed him.He live from 1 B.C to 2007. Categories: Football (soccer) stubs | Football (soccer) governing bodies | Belgian football ... RFC Liège is a Belgian football club from the city of Liège. ... The Union of European Football Associations, almost always referred to by the acronym UEFA (pronounced (you-AY-fuh) or (oo-Ay-fuh) or ), is the administrative and controlling body for European football. ...

In the meantime, Bosman's wages were reduced as he was no longer a first-team player. He took his case to the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg and sued for restraint of trade. After a tough legal battle he won his case, and on December 15, 1995 the court ruled that the system as it was constituted a restriction on the free movement of workers and was prohibited by Article 39(1) of the EC Treaty. Bosman and all other EU football players were given the right to a free transfer at the end of their contracts, with the provision that they were transferring from a club within one EU Association to a club within another EU Association. Prior to that, professional clubs in Britain (but not, for example, in Spain and France) were able to prevent players from joining another club even if their contracts had expired. In addition to this, a player can sign a pre-contract with another club for a free transfer if the players' contract with their existing club has 6 months or less remaining. The Bosman ruling can be compared to the Curt Flood case in baseball, which led to the elimination of the reserve clause and the advent of free agency. At present, the law will not enforce certain types of contracts on the ground of illegality. ... December 15 is the 349th day of the year (350th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ... The Treaty of Rome signing ceremony Signatures in the Treaty The Treaty of Rome, signed by France, West Germany, Italy and Benelux (Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg) on March 25, 1957, established the European Economic Community (EEC). ... In football (soccer), a free transfer involves a team releasing a player once their contract has expired or made available just before the end of the contract. ... Curtis Charles Flood (January 18, 1938 – January 20, 1997) was a Major League Baseball player who spent most of his career as a center fielder for the St. ... The reserve clause is a term formerly employed in North American professional sports contracts. ... In North American professional sports, particularly baseball, football, and basketball, a free agent is a team player whose contract with a team has expired, and the player is able to sign a contract with another team. ...

The Bosman ruling also prohibited domestic football leagues in EU member states, and also UEFA, from imposing quotas on foreign players to the extent that they discriminated against nationals of EU states. At that time, many leagues placed quotas restricting the number of non-nationals allowed on member teams. Also, UEFA had a rule that prohibited teams in its competitions, namely the Champions League, Cup Winners' Cup and UEFA Cup, from naming more than three "foreign" players in their matchday squads. This had an especially negative impact on British teams, because both UEFA and FIFA consider England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales to be separate nations. As an example, Manchester United were forced to count their Welsh winger Ryan Giggs as a foreign player, despite the fact that Wales and England are both constituents of the UK, and comprise a single entity for purposes of conflict of laws. (The Giggs case was more complicated, in that the player had represented England as a schoolboy, but only because eligibility for the England Schoolboys team is based on school attendance and not nationality. Contrary to a widely stated belief, he was not eligible for the England national team.) After the ruling, quotas could still be imposed, but could only be used to restrict the number of non-EU players on each team. The Union of European Football Associations, almost always referred to by the acronym UEFA (pronounced (you-AY-fuh) or (oo-Ay-fuh) or ), is the administrative and controlling body for European football. ... The UEFA Champions League (also known as the European Cup, CE1, C1[1] or CL) is a seasonal club football competition organized by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) since 1955 for the most successful football clubs in Europe. ... The UEFA Cup Winners Cup (also known as the European Cup Winners Cup) was a football club competition contested annually by the most recent winners of all European domestic cup competitions. ... The UEFA Cup is a football competition for European club teams, organized by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). ... The International Federation of Football Association (French: ), commonly known by its acronym, FIFA, is the international governing body of association football. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Unified  -  by Athelstan 927 AD  Area  -  Total 130... Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom lying in the northeast of the island of Ireland, covering 5,459 square miles (14,139 km², about a sixth of the islands total area). ... Motto (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity Cha togar mfhearg gun dioladh (Scottish Gaelic) Wha daur meddle wi me?(Scots)1 Anthem (Multiple unofficial anthems) Scotlands location in Europe Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Monarch Queen Elizabeth II  -  First Minister... This article is about the country. ... Manchester United Football Club are a world-famous English football club, based at the Old Trafford stadium in Trafford, Greater Manchester, and are one of the most popular sports clubs in the world, with over 50 million supporters worldwide. ... First international Scotland 4 - 0 Wales (Glasgow, Scotland; 26 March 1876) Biggest win Wales 11 - 0 Ireland (Wrexham, Wales; 3 March 1888) Biggest defeat Scotland 9 - 0 Wales (Glasgow, Scotland; 23 March 1878) World Cup Appearances 1 (First in 1958) Best result Quarter-finals, 1958 The Wales national football team... Ryan Joseph Giggs, OBE [1](born Ryan Joseph Wilson on 29 November 1973 in Cardiff) is a Welsh footballer, currently playing for Manchester United in the English Premiership, and formerly for the Welsh national team prior to his retirement from international football on June 2, 2007. ... England and Wales (red), with the rest of the United Kingdom (pink). ... Private International Law, International Private Law, or Conflict of Laws is that branch of law regulating all lawsuits involving a foreign law element where a difference in result will occur depending on which laws are applied as the lex causae. ... First international  Scotland 0 - 0 England (Partick, Scotland; 30 November 1872) Biggest win  Ireland 0 - 13 England (Belfast, Ireland; 18 February 1882) Biggest defeat  Hungary 7 - 1 England (Budapest, Hungary; 23 May 1954) World Cup Appearances 12 (First in 1950) Best result Winners, 1966 European Championship Appearances 7 (First in...

On April 21, 2005, UEFA 52 member federations unanimously approved a rule designed to increase the number of locally trained players. The measure is an attempt to reverse some of the effects of the Bosman ruling. UEFA's chief executive Lars-Christer Olsson was reported by CNN to have said that some of the major clubs in Europe like Chelsea and Barcelona were not happy with this rule, and that he didn't rule out the possibility of a court challenge. is the 111th day of the year (112th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... ... Chelsea Football Club (also known as The Blues or previously The Pensioners) are an English professional football club based in west London. ... Futbol Club Barcelona, known familiarly as Barça (IPA: baɾ.sə), is a Spanish sports club based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. ...

An addendum to this rule means that a player may move in the final year of a four or five year contract provided he hands in a request to the club no more than 15 days after the end of the previous season. The club would be entitled to compensation, but only equaling the amount of the final year's wages as per the contract, which would be far less than an agreed transfer fee in most cases. In addition, the player would have to move to a club that isn't in the same association as his current club. Wigan were the first club to take advantage of this new ruling as they signed Andy Webster from Hearts, although there is still an ongoing challenge to this ruling by Hearts who believe that the £625,000 either Andy Webster or Wigan must pay them is not adequate compensation. Wigan Athletic Football Club is a professional football team based in Wigan, Greater Manchester, England. ... Andrew Webster (born 23 April 1982) is a Scottish professional football player currently playing for Hearts in the Scottish Premier League. ... Heart of Midlothian F.C. (most commonly referred to as Hearts) is a professional football club from Edinburgh, Scotland which plays in the Scottish Premier League. ... Heart of Midlothian F.C. (most commonly referred to as Hearts) is a professional football club from Edinburgh, Scotland which plays in the Scottish Premier League. ... Andrew Webster (born 23 April 1982) is a Scottish professional football player currently playing for Hearts in the Scottish Premier League. ... Wigan Athletic Football Club is a professional football team based in Wigan, Greater Manchester, England. ...

The Bosman ruling was considered and distinguished in Lehtonen (2000), a similar case which involved a deadline imposed by FIBA after which basketball teams could not include players who had played for another team in the same season, where it was found that such a restriction was lawful. The International Basketball Federation (French: Fédération Internationale de Basketball), more commonly known by the French acronym FIBA (pronounced ), is an association of national organizations which governs international competition in basketball. ...

External links

• Text of the ECJ Ruling