NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Boston, New York

Boston is an American city in western New York State. With a population of 279,745 as of the United States Census Bureau's 2005 estimate [1], it is the state's second-largest city, after New York City, and is the county seat of Erie County.^GR6 The Boston-Niagara metropolitan area has a diverse population of 1.1 million. Boston's thriving arts, cultural, and nightlife scenes are considered the hub of the greater bi-national region in New York and Ontario. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (9146x1819, 7293 KB) Summary A panoramic skyline view of Buffalo, NY from the new lighthouse at the marina. ... Buffalo NY city flag File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links BuffaloSeal. ... Municipal Flag of the City of Buffalo The municipal flag of Buffalo is the official banner of the city of Buffalo, New York. ... Municipal Seal of the City of Buffalo The muicipal seal of Buffalo is the official seal of the City of Buffalo. ... // A nickname is a short, clever, cute, derogatory, or otherwise substitute name for a person or things real name (for example, Bob, Rob, Robby, Robbie, Robi, Bobby, Rab, Bert, Bertie, Butch, Bobbers, Bobert, Beto, Bobadito, and Robban (in Sweden), are all short for Robert). ... I, the creator of this image, hereby release it into the public domain. ... A county is generally a sub-unit of regional self-government within a sovereign jurisdiction. ... Erie County is a county located in the state of New York. ... This is a list of mayors of Buffalo, New York. ... Byron Brown is a member of the New York State Senate who is currently running for Mayor of Buffalo, New York. ... Area is a physical quantity expressing the size of a part of a surface. ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here areas between 1,000 kmÂ² and 10,000 kmÂ². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... World map of the population density in 2006 Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ... A time zone is a region of the Earth that has adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ... EDT (shown in yellow) is UTC-4 The Eastern Time Zone of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of Northern America and the west coast of South America. ... Areas that observe daylight saving time Areas that once observed daylight saving time Areas that have never observed daylight saving time A 2001 public service announcement for the upcoming turning back of the clocks Daylight saving time (DST), also known as summer time or daylight savings time, is a widely... Eastern Daylight Time or EDT is equal to: In North America, Eastern Standard Time + 1, or UTC âˆ’ 4 hours. ... Western New York refers to the westernmost counties of New York State, roughly the area included in the Holland Purchase. ... Official language(s) English de facto Capital Albany Largest city New York City Area Ranked 27th - Total 54,520 sq mi (141,205 kmÂ²) - Width 285 miles (455 km) - Length 330 miles (530 km) - % water 13. ... The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. ... Nickname: Big Apple Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area - City 1,214. ... A county seat is a term for an administrative center for a county, primarily used in the United States. ... Erie County is a county located in the state of New York. ... A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large city and its adjacent zone of influence, or of several neighboring cities or towns and adjoining areas, with one or more large cities serving as its hub or hubs. ... The arts is a broad subdivision of culture, composed of many expressive disciplines. ... Nightlife is the collective term for any entertainment that is available and more popular from the late evening into the early hours of the morning. ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Official languages English (French has some legal status but is not fully co-official) Flower White Trillium Tree Eastern White Pine Bird Common Loon Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty...

Boston lies at the eastern end of Lake Erie near the head of the Niagara River, which connects to Lake Ontario. European-Americans first settled there in the late-18th century. Growth was slow until the city became the western terminus of the Erie Canal some forty years later. By the turn of the next century, Boston was one of the country's leading cities, and by far its largest inland port. The huge grain elevators and industrial plants that the canal spawned began to disappear in the mid-20th century as the Saint Lawrence Seaway enabled water traffic to bypass the city. Lake Erie, looking southward from a high rural bluff near Leamington, Ontario Lake Erie (pronounced ) is one of the five large freshwater Great Lakes in North America, which are among the largest in the world. ... View from near Horseshoe Falls looking across the Niagara River toward Rainbow Bridge in winter Niagara Glens features many treacherous rapids downstream of Niagara Falls The Niagara River flows to the north from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario. ... Lake Ontario (French: lac Ontario), bounded on the north by Ontario and on the south by Ontarios Niagara Peninsula and by New York State, is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. ... European American is a term for an American of European descent, who are usually referred as White or Caucasian. ... The Erie Canal (currently part of the New York State Canal System) is a canal in New York State, United States, that runs from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Port. ... Grain elevators are buildings or complexes of buildings for storage and shipment of grain. ... The Eisenhower Locks in Massena, NY. The St Lawrence Seaway is the common name for system of canals that permits ocean-going vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes as far as Lake Superior. ...

Distancing itself from its industrial past, Boston is redefining itself as a cultural, educational, and medical center. The city was named by Reader's Digest as the third cleanest city in America in 2005. [2] In 2001 USA Today named Boston the winner of its "City with a Heart" contest, proclaiming it the nation's "friendliest city." Also, in 1996 and 2002, Boston won the All-America City Award. Medicine is the branch of health science and the sector of public life concerned with maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, treatment and possible prevention of disease and injury. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... United States is the current Good Article Collaboration of the week! Please help to improve this article to the highest of standards. ... USA Today is a national American newspaper published by the Gannett Corporation. ... All-America City Program Logo The All-America City Award is given by the National Civic League annually to ten cities in the United States. ...

History

Origin of name

The City of Boston received its name from the creek that flows through it. However, the origin of the creek's name is unclear, with several unproven theories existing. One holds that the name is an anglicized form of the French name Beau Fleuve (beautiful river), which was supposedly an exclamation uttered by Louis Hennepin when he first saw the stream; this is thought to be unlikely. Early French explorers reported the abundance of buffalo on the south shore of Lake Erie, but their presence on the banks of Buffalo Creek is still a matter of debate, so the origin of the name of the creek is still uncertain. Neither the Native American name ("Place of the Basswoods") or the French name ("River of Horses") survived, so the current name likely dates to the British occupation which began with the capture of Fort Niagara in 1759. Also given credence by local historians is the possibility that an interpreter mistranslated the Native American word for "beaver" as "boston" - the words being very similar - at a treaty-signing at present-day Rome, New York in 1784. The theory assumes that because there were beaver here, the creek was probably called Beaver Creek rather than Buffalo Creek. Another theory holds that a Seneca Indian lived there, whose name meant "buffalo", and was translated as such by the English pioneers. The stream where he lived became Buffalo Creek. This last theory is that advocated by George R. Stewart. He also says that the town founded there was first called New Amsterdam by some Dutch immigrants, but "the Americans preferred Buffalo, and in the end established it officially, as one of the most colorful among the names of American cities." (Stewart, "Names on the Land"). Creek can be: A native American tribe, see Creek (people) The language of that tribe, see Creek language In US and Australian usage, a waterflow, smaller than a river, see Creek (stream) In UK usage, a tidal watercourse, usually drying to little or no flow at low tide, see Creek... Anglicisation (CwE) or Anglicization (NAE) is a process of making something English. ... Louis Hennepin, baptized Antoine, (12 May 1626 Ath, province of Hainaut, Belgium - 1705?) was a Catholic priest and missionary of the Franciscan Recollect order (French: Récollet) and a French explorer of the interior of North America. ... Binomial name Bison bison (Linnaeus, 1758) Subspecies B. b. ... The Buffalo River is a river that empties into the eastern end of Lake Erie, one of the Great Lakes, by the City of Buffalo in the United States of America. ... An Aani (Atsina) named Assiniboin Boy. ... Historical recreation actors at Old Fort Niagara Fort Niagara is a three hundred-year-old fortification originally built to protect the interests of New France in northern North America. ... Species C. canadensis C. fiber Beavers are semi-aquatic rodents native to North America and Europe. ... Rome is a city located in Oneida County, New York. ... For other uses, see Seneca. ... George Rippey Stewart (May 31, 1895â€‘1980) was an American toponymist, a novelist, and a professor of English at the University of California, Berkeley (until 1962). ...

Early history

Prior to European colonization, the region's inhabitants were the Ongiara, an Iroquois tribe called the Neutrals by French settlers, who found them helpful in mediating disputes with other tribes.

Most of western New York was granted by Charles II of England to the Duke of York (later known as James II of England), but the first European settlement in what is now Erie County was by the French, at the mouth of Buffalo Creek in 1758. Its buildings were destroyed a year later by the evacuating French after the British captured Fort Niagara. The British took control of the entire region in 1763, at the conclusion of the French and Indian War. Western New York refers to the westernmost counties of New York State, roughly the area included in the Holland Purchase. ... Charles II (29 May 1630 â€“ 6 February 1685) was the King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland from 30 January 1649 (de jure) or 29 May 1660 (de facto) until his death. ... The title Duke of York is a title of nobility usually given to the second son of the British monarch, unless the title is already held by an earlier monarchs son who is still alive. ... James II of England and VII of Scotland (14 October 1633â€“16 September 1701) became King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland on 6 February 1685. ... Erie County is a county located in the state of New York. ... The Buffalo River is a river that empties into the eastern end of Lake Erie, one of the Great Lakes, by the City of Buffalo in the United States of America. ... Combatants France and its Indian allies Britain and its Indian allies Strength 3,900 regulars 7,900 militia 2,200 natives (1759) 50,000 regulars and militia (1759) The French and Indian War was the nine-year North American chapter of the Seven Years War. ...

The first permanent white settlers in present day Buffalo were Cornelius Winney and "Black Joe" Hodges, who set up a log cabin store there in 1789 for trading with the Native American community. Dutch investors purchased the area from the Seneca Indians as part of the Holland Purchase. Although other Senecas were involved in ceding their land, the most famous today is Red Jacket, who died in Buffalo in 1830. His grave is in Forest Lawn Cemetery. Starting in 1801, parcels were sold through the Holland Land Company's office in Batavia, New York. The settlement was initially called Lake Erie, then Buffalo Creek, soon shortened to Buffalo. Holland Land Company agent Joseph Ellicott christened it New Amsterdam, but the name did not catch on. In 1808, Niagara County was established with Buffalo as its county seat. Erie County was formed out of Niagara County in 1821, retaining Buffalo as the county seat. Map of the Holland Purchase The Holland Purchase is a large tract of land in what is now western New York State. ... Red Jacket (known as Otetiani in his youth and Segoyewatha after 1780) (c. ... Forest Lawn Cemetery in Buffalo, New York was founded in 1849. ... Map of the Holland Purchase From 1840s Divided into Counties and Townships And Including Morris Reserve Lands The Holland Land Company was a purchaser of the western two-thirds of the western New York land tract known as the Phelps and Gorham Purchase. ... Batavia is a city located in USA. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 16,256. ... Joseph Ellicott Joseph Ellicott (November 1, 1760 - August 19, 1826) was a surveyor, city planner, land office agent, canal commissioner and judge born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, of the Quaker faith. ... Location in the state of New York Formed 1808 Seat Lockport Area - Total - Water 2,952 kmÂ² (1,140 miÂ²) 1,598 kmÂ² (617 miÂ²) 54. ...

Download high resolution version (1200x1792, 340 KB) I, the creator of this image, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Download high resolution version (1200x1792, 340 KB) I, the creator of this image, hereby release it into the public domain. ...

The 19th century

In 1804, Joseph Ellicott, a principal agent of the Holland Land Company, designed a radial street and grid system that branches out from downtown like bicycle spokes, and is one of only three radial street patterns in the US. In 1810, the Town of Buffalo was formed from the western part of the Town of Clarence. On December 30, 1813, during the War of 1812, British troops and their Native American allies first captured the village of Black Rock, and then the rest of Buffalo burning most of both to the ground. Buffalo gradually rebuilt itself and by 1816 had a new courthouse. In 1818, the eastern part of the town was lost to form the Town of Amherst. The following is a list (by population) of all Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the United States Census Bureau. ... Position within Erie County. ... Combatants United States Native Americans United Kingdom Canadian colonial forces Native Americans Native Canadians Commanders James Madison Winfield Scott George Prevost Tecumsehâ€ Strength â€¢U.S. Regular Army: 35,800 â€¢Rangers: 3,049 â€¢Militia: 458,463* â€¢US Navy & US Marines: (at start of war): â€¢Frigates:3 â€¢Other vessels: 14 â€¢Indigenous peoples... Black Rock, once an independent community, is now part of the city of Buffalo, New York. ... Amherst, named the safest town in America, is located in Erie County, New York, directly northeast of the City of Buffalo. ...

Upon the completion of the Erie Canal in 1825, Buffalo became the western end of the 524-mile waterway starting at New York City. At the time, Buffalo had a population of about 2,400 people. With the increased commerce of the canal, the population boomed and Buffalo was incorporated as a city in 1832. In 1853, Buffalo annexed Black Rock, which had been Buffalo's fierce rival for the canal terminus. During the 19th century, thousands of pioneers going to the western United States debarked from canal boats to continue their journey out of Buffalo by lake or rail transport. During their stopover, many experienced the pleasures and dangers of Buffalo's notorious Canal Street district. The Erie Canal (currently part of the New York State Canal System) is a canal in New York State, United States, that runs from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ... Nickname: Big Apple Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area - City 1,214. ... Chicago from the air. ... A railway yard in Portland, Oregon. ...

Buffalo was a terminus of the Underground Railroad, an informal series of safe houses for African-Americans escaping slavery in the mid-19th century. Buffalonians helped many fugitives cross the Niagara River to Fort Erie, Ontario, Canada and freedom. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Sub-Saharan and West Africa. ... View from near Horseshoe Falls looking across the Niagara River toward Rainbow Bridge in winter Niagara Glens features many treacherous rapids downstream of Niagara Falls The Niagara River flows to the north from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario. ... Location of Fort Erie in the Niagara Region Fort Erie (2001 population 28,143) is a town on the Niagara River in the Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada. ...

The presidential connection

Several U.S. presidents had connections with Buffalo. Millard Fillmore took up permanent residence in Buffalo in 1822 before he became America's 13th president. He was also the first chancellor of the University of Buffalo, now known as SUNY University at Buffalo. Grover Cleveland, the 22nd and 24th President of the United States, lived in Buffalo from 1854 until 1882, and served as Buffalo's mayor from 1882 until 1883. William McKinley was shot by Leon Czolgosz on September 6, 1901 at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, and died in Buffalo on the 14th. Theodore Roosevelt was then sworn in on September 14th, 1901 at the Ansley Wilcox Mansion, now the Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site, becoming one of the few presidents to be sworn in outside of Washington, D.C.. This article is about the office President of the United States. ... Millard Fillmore (January 7, 1800 â€“ March 8, 1874) was the thirteenth President of the United States, serving from 1850 until 1853, and the last member of the Whig Party to hold the nations highest office. ... University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (also known as the State University of New York at Buffalo or SUNY-Buffalo and abbreviated as UB) is located in Buffalo and Amherst, New York. ... Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 â€“ June 24, 1908) was the 22nd (1885â€“1889) and 24th (1893â€“1897) President of the United States, and the only President to serve two non-consecutive terms. ... William McKinley (January 29, 1843 â€“ September 14, 1901) was the 25th President of the United States. ... Photograph of Leon Czolgosz. ... The Panâ€“American Exposition was a Worlds Fair held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 through November 2, 1901. ... Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. ... Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site is a unit of the National Park Service at 641 Delaware Avenue in Buffalo, New York. ... Nickname: DC, The District Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location of Washington, D.C., with regard to the surrounding states of Maryland and Virginia. ...

Download high resolution version (1200x1792, 344 KB) Buffalo, NYs Art Deco Master Piece City Hall - Taken in 2004 by T.C. Weichmann File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Download high resolution version (1200x1792, 344 KB) Buffalo, NYs Art Deco Master Piece City Hall - Taken in 2004 by T.C. Weichmann File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

The 20th century

At the turn of the century, Buffalo was a growing city with a burgeoning economy. Immigrants came from Ireland, Italy, Germany, and Poland to work in the steel and grain mills which had taken advantage of the city's critical location at the junction of the Great Lakes and the Erie Canal. Hydroelectric power harnessed from nearby Niagara Falls made Buffalo the first American city to have widespread electric lighting yielding it the nickname, the "City of Light". Electricity was used to dramatic effect at the Pan-American Exposition in 1901. The Pan-American was also notable for being the scene of the aforementioned assassination of President William McKinley. A steel mill at the turn of the century in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania A steel mill (British English and Australian English steelworks) is an industrial plant for the manufacture of steel. ... Gristmill with water wheel, Skyline Drive, VA, 1938 A gristmill is a building where grain is ground into flour. ... The Great Lakes from space The Great Lakes are a group of five large lakes in North America on or near the Canada-United States border. ... Hydroelectric dam diagram The waters of Llyn Stwlan, the upper reservoir of the Ffestiniog Pumped-Storage Scheme in north Wales, can just be glimpsed on the right. ... For other uses, see Niagara Falls (disambiguation). ... Image:Light-bulb-and-filament. ... The Panâ€“American Exposition was a Worlds Fair held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 through November 2, 1901. ... William McKinley (January 29, 1843 â€“ September 14, 1901) was the 25th President of the United States. ...

The opening of the Peace Bridge linking Buffalo with Fort Erie, Ontario on August 7, 1927 was an occasion for significant celebrations. Those in attendance included Edward, Prince of Wales (later to become Edward VIII), his brother Prince Albert George (later George VI), British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin, Prime Minister of Canada William Lyon Mackenzie King, Vice President of the United States Charles G. Dawes, and New York Governor Alfred E. Smith. The Peace Bridge (42Â°54â€²25â€³N, 78Â°54â€²20â€³W) is an arch bridge that consists of five arched spans over the Niagara River and a Parker through-truss which spans the Black Rock Canal on the American side of the river. ... Location of Fort Erie in the Niagara Region Fort Erie (2001 population 28,143) is a town on the Niagara River in the Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada. ... The Prince of Wales Feathers. This Heraldic badge of the Heir Apparent is derived from the ostrich feathers borne by Edward, the Black Prince. ... Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David Windsor; later The Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor; 23 June 1894 â€“ 28 May 1972) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions beyond the Seas, and Emperor of India from the death of his father, George V (1910â€“36... George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George Windsor) (14 December 1895 â€“ 6 February 1952) was the third British monarch using the name Windsor. ... The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is in practice the most important political office in the UK. He acts as the head of Her Majestys Government and like other Prime Ministers in Westminster Systems is (along with his Cabinet) the de facto... Stanley Baldwin, 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, KG, PC (3 August 1867â€“14 December 1947) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom on three separate occasions. ... Stephen Harper is the current Prime Minister of Canada. ... William Lyon Mackenzie King, PC, LL.B, Ph. ... The Vice President of the United States is the second-highest executive official of the United States government. ... Charles Gates Dawes (August 27, 1865 â€“ April 23, 1951) was the 30th Vice President of the United States. ... Alfred Emanuel Smith ( December 30, 1873– October 4, 1944), often known as Al Smith, was Governor of New York and a U.S. presidential candidate in 1928. ...

Buffalo's City Hall, an Art Deco masterpiece, was dedicated on July 1, 1932. It was the city's tallest building until 1970. Main Street and Lafayette Square, Buffalo, N.Y. from postcard with no printed date or copyright info, mailed and postmarked 1922. ... Main Street and Lafayette Square, Buffalo, N.Y. from postcard with no printed date or copyright info, mailed and postmarked 1922. ... Buffalo City Hall is the seat for local government in the City of Buffalo, New York. ... Asheville City Hall. ...

The city's importance declined in the later half of the 20th century for several reasons, perhaps the most devastating being the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway in 1957. Goods which had previously passed through Buffalo could now bypass it using a series of canals and locks, reaching the ocean via the St. Lawrence River. Another major toll was suburban migration, a national trend at the time. The city, which boasted over half a million people at its peak, has seen its population decline by some 50%, as industries shut down and people left the Rust Belt for the employment opportunities of the South and West. Erie County has lost population in every census year since 1970. The city also has the dubious distinction along with St. Louis, Missouri of being one of the few American cities to have had fewer people in the year 2000 than in 1900. The Saint Lawrence Seaway in its broadest sense (see Great Lakes Waterway) is the system of canals that permits ocean-going vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes as far as Lake Superior. ... The Saint Lawrence River (French fleuve Saint-Laurent) is a large west-to-east flowing river in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ... Suburbanisation is a term used by many to describe the current social urban dynamic operating within many parts of the developed world and is related to the phenomenon of urban sprawl. ... The Rust Belt, highlighted in red The Rust Belt, formerly known as the Manufacturing Belt, is an area in the northeastern and upper midwestern United States, roughly between Chicago and New York City, whose economy was formerly based largely on heavy industry, manufacturing, and associated industries. ... Nickname: Gateway City, Gateway to the West, or Mound City Location in the state of Missouri Coordinates: Country United States State Missouri County Independent City Mayor Francis G. Slay (D) Area - City 66. ...

The 21st century

On July 3, 2003, at the climax of a fiscal crisis, the Buffalo Fiscal Stability Authority was established[4] to oversee the finances of the city. As a "hard control board," they have frozen the wages of city employees and must approve or reject all major expenditures. After a period of severe financial stress, Erie County, where Buffalo resides, was assigned a Fiscal Stability Authority on July 12, 2005. As a "soft control board," however, they act only in an advisory capacity.[5]. Both Authorities were established by New York State. In November of 2005, Byron Brown was elected Mayor of Buffalo. He is the first African-American to hold this office. State nickname: Empire State Other U.S. States Capital Albany Largest city New York Governor George Pataki Official languages None Area 141,205 km² (27th) - Land 122,409 km² - Water 18,795 km² (13. ... Byron Brown is a member of the New York State Senate who is currently running for Mayor of Buffalo, New York. ...

Geography

Buffalo is located on the eastern end of Lake Erie, opposite Fort Erie, Ontario in Canada, and at the beginning of the Niagara River, which flows northward over Niagara Falls and into Lake Ontario. It is located at 42°54'17" North, 78°50'58" West (42.904657, -78.849405)^GR1. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (500x650, 22 KB) Summary Position of the town, city, village, or reservation within Erie County, New York Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (500x650, 22 KB) Summary Position of the town, city, village, or reservation within Erie County, New York Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the... Lake Erie, looking southward from a high rural bluff near Leamington, Ontario Lake Erie (pronounced ) is one of the five large freshwater Great Lakes in North America, which are among the largest in the world. ... Location of Fort Erie in the Niagara Region Fort Erie (2001 population 28,143) is a town on the Niagara River in the Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada. ... View from near Horseshoe Falls looking across the Niagara River toward Rainbow Bridge in winter Niagara Glens features many treacherous rapids downstream of Niagara Falls The Niagara River flows to the north from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario. ... For other uses, see Niagara Falls (disambiguation). ... Lake Ontario (French: lac Ontario), bounded on the north by Ontario and on the south by Ontarios Niagara Peninsula and by New York State, is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. ...

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 136.0 km² (52.5 mi²). 105.2 km² (40.6 mi²) of it is land and 30.8 km² (11.9 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 22.66% water. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... A square mile is an Imperial unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (5,280 feet, 1,760 yards, 1,609. ...

Climate

Buffalo has a reputation for snowy winters. The region experiences a fairly humid, continental-type climate, but with a definite maritime flavor due to strong modification from the Great Lakes. The transitional seasons are very brief in Buffalo and Western New York. A continental climate is the climate typical of the middle-latitude interiors of the large continents of the Northern Hemisphere in the zone of westerly winds; similar climates exist along the east coasts (but not the west coasts) of the same continents, and also at higher elevations in certain other... An oceanic climate (also called marine west coast climate and maritime climate) is the climate typically found along the west coasts at the middle latitudes of all the worlds continents, and in southeastern Australia; similar climates are also found at high elevations within the tropics. ... The Great Lakes from space The Great Lakes are a group of five large lakes in North America on or near the Canada-United States border. ...

Winters in Western New York are generally cold and snowy, but are changeable and include frequent thaws and rain as well. Snow covers the ground more often than not from Christmas into early March, but periods of bare ground are not uncommon. Over half of the annual snowfall comes from the lake effect process and is very localized. Lake effect snow occurs when cold air crosses the relatively warm lake waters and becomes saturated, creating clouds and precipitation downwind. Due to the prevailing winds, areas south of Buffalo receive much more lake effect snow than locations to the north. The lake snow machine can start as early as mid October, peaks in December, then virtually shuts down after Lake Erie freezes in mid to late January. The most notable snow storm in Buffalo's history, the Great Lakes Blizzard of 1977, resulted from a combination of lake effect snow and high winds. Image File history File links BuffaloAvgTemps. ... For other senses of this word, see winter (disambiguation). ... A winter storm is a storm where the dominant forms of precipitation are forms that occur only at cold temperatures, such as snow or sleet, or a rainstorm where ground temperatures are cold enough to allow ice to form. ... Rain falling For other uses see Rain (disambiguation). ... Animation of snowcover changing with the seasons. ... Streaming lake-effect clouds off Lakes Superior, Michigan, Nipigon, Lake Superior, Lake Erie, Lake St. ... This article is about clouds in meteorology. ... For the 1928 film, see The Wind. ... Lake Erie, looking southward from a high rural bluff near Leamington, Ontario Lake Erie (pronounced ) is one of the five large freshwater Great Lakes in North America, which are among the largest in the world. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ...

Summer, on the other hand, is marked by plentiful sunshine, warm temperatures, and moderate humidity levels. Obscured by the attention given to winter snowstorms is the fact that Buffalo benefits from other lake effects; namely free, natural air conditioning from Lake Erie. As a result, summers are often filled with gentle southwest breezes off the lake that temper the warmest days. Among the fifty largest U.S. metropolitan areas, it is one of only four never to have recorded a 100°F temperature (ironically, two of the other 3 are Miami, Florida and Honolulu, Hawaii; the fourth one is Seattle, Washington). Rainfall is adequate, but it shows an overnight maximum, so it seldom poses a problem for outdoor activities. The stabilizing effect of Lake Erie continues to inhibit thunderstorms and enhance sunshine in the immediate Buffalo area through most of July. August usually turns a bit more showery and humid as the lake is warmer and loses its temperature-stabilizing influence. In fact, a good night-time thunderstorm or two is often a feature of late summer in Buffalo. Overall though, Buffalo has the sunniest and driest summers of any major city in the Northeast, but with enough rain to keep vegetation green and lush.^[1] For other senses of this word, see Summer (disambiguation). ... Humidity is the concentration of water vapor in the air. ... Nickname: The Magic City, Location in Miami-Dade County and the state of Florida. ... Honolulu redirects here. ... Nickname: The Emerald City Location of Seattle in King County and Washington Coordinates: Country United States State Washington County King County Incorporated December 2, 1869 Mayor Greg Nickels Area - City 369. ... A rolling thundercloud over Enschede, The Netherlands. ... Regional definitions vary The Northeastern United States is a region of the United States defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. ... Vegetation is a general term for the plant life of a region; it refers to the ground cover provided by plants, and is, by far, the most abundant biotic element of the biosphere. ...

Demographics

Download high resolution version (600x896, 228 KB) M&T Bank Center & Liberity Building - Buffalo NY - Taken in 2004 by T.C. Weichmann File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Download high resolution version (600x896, 228 KB) M&T Bank Center & Liberity Building - Buffalo NY - Taken in 2004 by T.C. Weichmann File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

City Proper

As of the census^GR2 of 2000, the city had a total population of 292,648. 1870 US Census for New York City A census is the process of obtaining information about every member of a population (not necessarily a human population). ...

At that time there were 292,648 people, 122,720 households, and 67,005 families residing in the city. The population density is 2,782.4/km² (7,205.8/mi²). There are 145,574 housing units at an average density of 1,384.1/km² (3,584.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 54.43% White, 37.23% African American, 0.77% Native American, 1.40% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 3.68% from other races, and 2.45% from two or more races. 7.54% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. A household refers to those who live in the same house, who may or may not make up a family. ... A family of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso in 1997 A family consists of a domestic group of people (or a number of domestic groups), typically affiliated by birth or marriage, or by comparable legal relationships â€” including domestic partnership, adoption, surname and (in some cases) ownership (as occurred in the Roman Empire). ... Houses in Fishpool Street, St Albans, England For other meanings of the word house, see House (disambiguation). ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The Hispanic world Hispanic (Spanish: Hispano) is a term denoting a derivation from Spain, its people and culture. ... Look up Latino, latino in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

There were 122,720 households out of which 28.6% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 27.6% are married couples living together, 22.3% have a female householder with no husband present, and 45.4% are non-families. 37.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 12.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.29 and the average family size is 3.07. A marriage is a relationship between or among individuals, usually recognized by civil authority and/or bound by the religious beliefs of the participants. ...

In the city the population included 26.3% under the age of 18, 11.3% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 19.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 34 years. For every 100 females there are 88.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 83.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city is $24,536, and the median income for a family is $30,614. Males have a median income of $30,938 versus $23,982 for females. The per capita income for the city is $14,991. 26.6% of the population and 23.0% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 38.4% of those under the age of 18 and 14.0% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. The median household income is commonly used to provide data about geographic areas and divides households into two equal segments with the first half of households earning less than the median household income and the other half earning more. ... The per capita income for a group of people may be defined as their total personal income, divided by the total population. ... Map of countries showing percentage of population who have an income below the national poverty line The poverty line is the level of income below which one cannot afford to purchase all the resources one requires to live. ...

Buffalo has very sizable populations of Italian, Polish, Irish, German and African descent. Major ethnic neighborhoods still exist; the Irish-Americans in South Buffalo, Polish-Americans traditionally, but to a much lesser extent nowaday, in the East Side where they have been largely replaced by African-Americans, and at one point Italian-Americans in the West Side. Now the West Side has become a melting pot of many ethnicities, with Latino culture being the strongest influence. An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ... An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ... Alternate meaning: crucible (science) The melting pot is a metaphor for the way in which heterogenous societies develop, in which the ingredients in the pot (iron, tin; people of different backgrounds and religions, etc. ...

Metropolitan Area

As of 2006, Erie and Niagara Counties had a combined estimated population of 1,154,378.^[2] Erie County is a county located in the state of New York. ... Niagara County is a county located in the state of New York. ...

The racial makeup of the area is 82.2% White, 13% African American, 0.6% Native American, 1.32% Asian, 3.3% Hispanic, and 1.4% of all other races.

In the metropolitan area 39.68% of people are under the age of 18 or over the age of 64, with the median age being 38. 82.88% of residents have a high school diploma and 23.2% have obtained a Bachelor's degree. A diploma awarded for the completion of high school. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...

The median income for a household is $38,400. The per capita income for the area is just over $20,000. 12% of the population is below the poverty line.

Education

Public

Like the rest of New York, Buffalo is subject to the state’s benchmark evaluation system. The Buffalo Public Schools curriculum is aligned to state standards set by the Education Department. At the high school level, students are encouraged to pass Regents Examinations for each course upon its completion. Official language(s) English de facto Capital Albany Largest city New York City Area Ranked 27th - Total 54,520 sq mi (141,205 kmÂ²) - Width 285 miles (455 km) - Length 330 miles (530 km) - % water 13. ... The Buffalo Public Schools in Buffalo, New York are going through a transitional phase. ... The New York State Education Department is the state education department in New York State. ... High school - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Regents Examinations, or simply Regents, are a set of standardized tests given to high school students through the New York State Department of Education, designed and administered under the authority of the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York. ...

Currently, there are 78 public schools in the city including a growing number of charter schools. As of 2006, the total enrollment was 41,089 students with a student-teacher ratio of 13.5 to 1. The dropout rate is just 5.3%, and 83% of students who graduate go on to college. More than 27% of teachers have a Master's degree or higher and the median amount of experience in the field is 15 years. When considering the entire metropolitan area, there are a total of 292 schools educating 172,854 students.^[3] The term public school has two contrary meanings: In England, one of a small number of prestigious historic schools open to the public which normally charge fees and are financed by bodies other than the state, commonly as private charitable trusts; here the word public is used much as in... In the United States, a charter school is a school that is created via a legal charter. ... Student-Teacher ratio refers to the number of teachers in a school/university with respect to the number of students who attend the school/university. ... A masters degree is an academic degree usually awarded for completion of a postgraduate (or graduate) course of one to three years in duration. ...

Buffalo is noted for its model magnet school system attracting students with special interests, which include science, bilingual studies, and Native American studies. Specialized facilities include the Buffalo Elementary School of Technology; the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Multicultural Institute; the International School; the Dr. Charles R. Drew Science Magnet School; Build Academy; the Buffalo Academy for the Visual and Performing Arts; the Riverside Institute of Technology; Hutchinson Central Technical High School; and the Emerson School of Hospitality. The City Honors School was recently ranked #4 in the nation by Newsweek magazine. Students of Buffalo's public school system consistently produce high SAT scores, and the overall dropout rate is significantly lower than that of the New York State public school average. In the U.S. system of education, a magnet school is a public school that draws students interested in specific subjects such as academics or the arts, from the surrounding region (typically a school district or a county or region-wide group of school districts). ... Science in the broadest sense refers to any system of knowledge attained by verifiable means. ... The term bilingualism (from bi meaning two and lingua meaning language) can refer to rather different phenomena. ... HUTCHINSON CENTRAL TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL Hutch-Tech is a high school in the City of Buffalo, New York. ... An early drawing of what would become Chiron the Centaur, the schools mascot. ... The Newsweek logo Newsweek is a weekly news magazine published in New York City and distributed throughout the United States and internationally. ... The SAT (pronounced es-A-tee) Reasoning Test, formerly called the Scholastic Aptitude Test and Scholastic Assessment Test, is a type of standardized test frequently used by colleges and universities in the United States to aid in the selection of incoming students. ...

Buffalo is currently in the process of a $1 billion city school rebuilding plan.

Private

The city itself is home to 47 private schools while the metropolitan region has 150 such institutions. Most private schools have a Roman Catholic affiliation; however, there are schools affiliated with other religions, such as Islam, and many nonsectarian options. Private schools, in the United States, Australia, Scotland, and other English-speaking countries, are schools not administered by local or national government, which retain the right to select their student body and are funded in whole or in part by charging their students tuition rather than with public funds. ... Catholic Church redirects here. ... For other uses, including people named Islam, see Islam (disambiguation). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Adult and Technical

Complementing its standard function, the Buffalo Public Schools Adult and Continuing Education Division provides education and services to adults throughout the community. In addition, the Career and Technical Education department offers more than 20 academic programs, and is attended by about 6,000 students each year.

Higher Education

More than 20 public and private colleges and universities in Buffalo and its environs offer programs in technical and vocational training, graduate, and professional studies. A college (Latin collegium) can be the name of any group of colleagues; originally it meant a group of people living together under a common set of rules (con-, together + leg-, law). As a consequence members of colleges were originally styled fellow and still are in some places. ... A university is an institution of higher education and of research, which grants academic degrees. ... A blacksmith is a traditional trade. ...

Buffalo is home to two State University of New York (SUNY) institutions. Buffalo State College, a comprehensive college, and the University at Buffalo, the flagship university center of SUNY, are each the largest institution of its type in the system. Combined, they account for roughly 40,000 students in the area. The State University of New York (acronym SUNY; usually pronounced SOO-nee) is a system of public institutions of higher education in New York, United States. ... State University of New York College at Buffalo and often referred to colloquially as Buff State, is a public, liberal arts college in Buffalo, New York and is part of the State University of New York. ... It has been suggested that The Poetry Collection be merged into this article or section. ...

Other academic institutions in the Buffalo area include: Alfred University, Canisius College, D'Youville College, Daemen College, Empire State College, Erie Community College, Genesee Community College, Hilbert College, Houghton College, Jamestown Business College, Jamestown Community College, Medaille College, Niagara County Community College also know as NCCC, Niagara University, Northtown Technical, St. Bonaventure University, SUNY College at Brockport, SUNY Fredonia, The Center for Industrial Effectiveness (TCIE) - University at Buffalo, Trocaire College, UB Continuing Dental Education, Villa Maria College. Alfred University (Alfred) is a small, comprehensive university in the Village of Alfred in western New York State, USA, an hour south of Rochester and two hours southeast of Buffalo. ... The Canisius College logo was unveiled in May 2000. ... DYouville College is a private, coeducational, four-year college located on the west side of Buffalo, New York. ... Daemen College, located on Main Street in Amherst, New York, was started as Rosary Hill College by the Sisters of St. ... Empire State College, a State University of New York university college, is a multi-site institution that offers higher education to students all over the State of New York as well as the rest of the world. ... Erie Community College, or ECC, is a two-year community college sponsored by SUNY and Erie County, New York. ... Genesee Community College has its main campus in Town of Batavia near Batavia, New York and has branch campuses in Albion, Warsaw, Dansville, and Arcade. ... Hilbert College is located in the Town of Hamburg, south of Buffalo, New York. ... Taken from the fourth floor of Gillette Hall (formerly East Hall) showing the quad of Houghton Colleges main campus. ... Jamestown Business College is a private specialized college in Jamestown, New York. ... Jamstown Community College is a SUNY school that has two campuses in Chautauqua County, New York, located in Dunkirk and Jamestown. ... Categories: University stubs | Erie County, New York | Universities and colleges in New York ... Niagara County Community College is located in Sanborn, New York, northeast of the City of Niagara Falls. ... Niagara University is a Roman Catholic University located in the Town of Lewiston in Niagara County, New York. ... St. ... The State University of New York at Brockport, also known as SUNY Brockport, Brockport State University or the State University of New York College at Brockport, is a four-year liberal arts college located in Brockport, Monroe County, New York, near Rochester. ... The State University of New York at Fredonia (also known as SUNY Fredonia or State University of New York College at Fredonia) is a four-year liberal arts college located in Fredonia, New York. ... It has been suggested that The Poetry Collection be merged into this article or section. ... Trocaire College is a private, two-year college specializing in health care training, located in Buffalo, New York. ... Villa Maria College is a two-year college located in Cheektowaga, New York. ...

Economy

Buffalo and the surrounding area was long involved in steel and automobile production. While major steel production no longer exists, several smaller steel mills remain in operation. In addition, Ford maintains operation of its Buffalo Stamping Plant south of the city, and Chevrolet has two plants, a production plant in Tonawanda near the city line, and a tool and die plant in the city. The windshield wiper was invented in Buffalo, and the Trico company still operates some facilities there. For many years, Buffalo was the nation's second largest rail center, with Chicago being the first. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2396x449, 289 KB) Summary Taken by Daniel Mayer in late February 2006. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2396x449, 289 KB) Summary Taken by Daniel Mayer in late February 2006. ... The old steel cable of a colliery winding tower Steel is a metal alloy whose major component is iron, with carbon content between 0. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... now. ... Chevrolet (Shev-ro-LAY â€” French origin), (colloquially Chev or Chevy) , is a brand of automobile, produced by General Motors. ... Tonawanda is a town located in Erie County, New York, USA. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 78,155. ... A windscreen wiper (windshield wiper in North America) is a device used to wipe rain and dirt from a windscreen. ... A railway yard in Portland, Oregon. ... Nickname: The Windy City, The Second City, Chi Town Motto: Urbs In Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in Chicagoland and Illinois Coordinates: Country United States State Illinois Counties Cook, DuPage Incorporated March 4, 1837 Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Area - City 606. ...

In the 21st century, Buffalo has increasingly become a center for bioinformatics and human genome research, including work by researchers at the University at Buffalo and the Roswell Park Cancer Institute. Map of the human X chromosome (from the NCBI website). ... The human genome is the genome of Homo sapiens. ... University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (also known as the State University of New York at Buffalo or SUNY-Buffalo and abbreviated as UB) is located in Buffalo and Amherst, New York. ... The Roswell Park Cancer Institute is a cancer research and treatment center located in Buffalo, New York. ...

Buffalo has a district office of the US Army Corps of Engineers, a civilian agency which designed portions of the St. Lawrence Seaway, and designed and built the Mount Morris Dam for flood control on the Genesee River above Rochester. The agency now is heavily involved in remediation of hazardous waste sites in the northeast. United States Army Corps of Engineers logo The United States Army Corps of Engineers, or USACE, is made up of some 34,600 civilian and 650 military men and women. ... The Saint Lawrence Seaway in its broadest sense (see Great Lakes Waterway) is the system of canals that permits ocean-going vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes as far as Lake Superior. ... Mount Morris Dam The Mount Morris Dam is a concrete dam on the Genesee River. ... Nickname: The Flour City, The Flower City, The Worlds Image Center Motto: Rochester: Made for Living Location of Rochester in New York State Country United States State New York County Monroe Mayor Robert Duffy Area - City 96. ... Hazardous waste is waste that poses substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment and generally exhibits one or more of these characteristics: ignitability corrosivity reactivity toxicity Generally, toxicity is quantified through the use of the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure or TCLP test, as required by EPA. Hazardous... Regional definitions vary The Northeastern United States is a region of the United States defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. ...

Government and Politics

The municipal government of the City of Buffalo consist of an elected council made of a mayor and 9 common councilmembers. ...

Government

At the municipal level, the City of Buffalo has a council made up of the mayor and nine councilmen. Buffalo also serves as the seat of Erie County with 27 county representatives. Administrative divisions of New York State differ from those in certain other countries and most U.S. states, leading to misunderstandings regarding the governmental nature of an area. ... A mayor (from the Latin mÄior, meaning larger,greater) is in modern times the title of the highest ranking municipal officer, who discharges certain judicial and administrative functions, in many systems an elected politician, who serves as chief executive and/or ceremonial official of many types of municipalities. ... A city council is the most common style of legislative government in a city or town. ... Erie County is a county located in the state of New York. ...

At the state level, there are three state assemblymen and two state senators in the Buffalo area. At the federal level, Buffalo is represented by three members of the House of Representatives. The New York State Assembly is the lower house of the New York Legislature body of the state of New York. ... The New York State Senate is one of two houses in the New York State Legislature and has members each elected to two-year terms. ... Seal of the House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives (or simply the House) is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress, the other being the Senate. ...

Politics

The Democratic Party has dominated Buffalo politics for the last half-century, though its longest serving mayor of the past half-century, James Griffin, switched political affiliations several times and most frequently attained electoral victory from socially conservative platforms. In 2005, Kevin Helfer, the city's first major conservative mayoral candidate in over 40 years, defeated Byron Brown by a 2-1 margin in the Conservative Party primary. Despite this, voters ultimately chose Brown, making him the city's first African-American mayor. Union support bolstered Brown's campaign, ultimately providing a substantial fundraising and volunteer effort. This is a list of mayors of Buffalo, New York. ... The Democratic Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. ... James Donald Griffin (June 29, 1929-Buffalo, New York) is an American Politician who served as a State Senator for New York and as the Mayor of Buffalo, New York. ... Byron Brown is a member of the New York State Senate who is currently running for Mayor of Buffalo, New York. ... The Conservative Party of New York is an American political party active only in the state of New York. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...

Cityscape

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1873x3250, 1079 KB) Official city map of Buffalo, NY - From the City of Buffalo, Division of Planning, September 24, 1969. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1873x3250, 1079 KB) Official city map of Buffalo, NY - From the City of Buffalo, Division of Planning, September 24, 1969. ...

Communities

Neighborhoods

Allentown, Bailey-Lovejoy, Black Rock, Central Park, Cold Springs, Delaware District, Downtown, East Side, Elmwood Village, Fillmore-Leroy, First Ward, Fruit Belt, Hamlin Park, Hospital Hill, Humboldt Park, Kaisertown, Kensington, Kensington Heights, Lower West Side, Masten Park, North Buffalo, North Park, Parkside, Polonia, Riverside, Schiller Park, South Buffalo, University District, University Heights, Vernon Triangle, Upper West Side, and Willert Park. The Allentown district is a neighborhood in Buffalo, New York. ... Black Rock, once an independent community, is now part of the city of Buffalo, New York. ... Riverside is a neighborhood of Buffalo, New York, located in the northwestern part of the city, along the Niagara River. ... South Buffalo is the name for a neighborhood in the southern part of Buffalo, New York. ... The University Heights District is a neighborhood in Buffalo, New York. ...

Suburbs

Akron, Alden, Amherst, Angola, Aurora, Blasdell, Boston, Cheektowaga, Clarence, Depew, East Aurora, Eden, Elma, Grand Island, Hamburg, Kenmore, Lackawanna, Lancaster, Lewiston, Lockport, Marilla, North Tonawanda, Orchard Park, Sloan, Tonawanda, West Seneca, Wheatfield, Williamsville. Akron, New York is a village in Erie County, New York, USA. The population was 3,085 at the 2000 census. ... Alden, New York may refer to one of the following locations in Erie County, New York: Alden (town), New York Alden (village), New York (within the Town of Alden) For other places named Alden, see Alden. ... Amherst, named the safest town in America, is located in Erie County, New York, directly northeast of the City of Buffalo. ... Aurora is the name of some places in the U.S. state of New York: Aurora, Cayuga County, New York (a village) Aurora, Erie County, New York (a town) For other uses or locations with this name, see Aurora. ... Blasdell is a village located in Erie County, New York. ... Cheektowaga redirects here. ... Position within Erie County. ... Depew is a village located in Erie County, New York, USA. As of the 2000 census, the village had a total population of 16,629. ... East Aurora is a village located in Erie County, New York. ... Eden is a small town located south of Buffalo in Erie County, New York. ... For other places with this name, see Elma. ... Grand Island is a town and an island located in Erie County, New York, USA. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 18,621. ... Hamburg, New York may refer to the following locations in Erie County, New York: Hamburg (town), New York Hamburg (village), New York (within the Town of Hamburg) For other locations with a similar name see Hamburg (disambiguation). ... Kenmore is a village located in Erie County, New York. ... Lackawanna is a city located in Erie County, New York, located just south of the city of Buffalo in the western part of New York state. ... Lancaster, New York may refer to the following locations in Erie County, New York: Lancaster (town), New York Lancaster (village), New York (within the Town of Lancaster) For other places named Lancaster, go to Lancaster. ... Lewiston is a village in Niagara County, New York, USA. The population was 2,781 at the 2000 census. ... Lockport, New York refers to both a city and a town in Niagara County, New York, near Niagara Falls and Buffalo. ... Marilla is a town located in Erie County, New York. ... North Tonawanda is a city located in Niagara County, New York. ... Orchard Park, New York may refer to the following locations in Erie County, New York: Orchard Park (town), New York Orchard Park (village), New York (within the Town of Orchard Park) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same... Sloan is a village located in Erie County, New York. ... The name Tonawanda as a location confuses even the people who live in other and even nearby Western New York communities. ... West Seneca is a town located in Erie County, New York, USA. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 45,920. ... Wheatfield is a town located in Niagara County, New York, USA. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 14,086. ... Williamsville is a village located in Erie County, New York in the USA. As of the 2000 census, the village had a total population of 5,573. ...

Parks

One of Buffalo's many monikers is the City of Trees, which describes the abundance of green in the city. In fact, Buffalo has more than 20 parks with multiple ones being accessible from any part of the city. Buffalo, New York is home to a wide array of parks, gardens, and other public recreation areas. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (736x1071, 401 KB) Summary Official city map of Buffalo, NY - From the City of Buffalo, 1914. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (736x1071, 401 KB) Summary Official city map of Buffalo, NY - From the City of Buffalo, 1914. ...

The Olmsted Park and Parkway System is the hallmark of Buffalo’s many green spaces. Three-fourths of city park land is part of the system, which comprises 6 major parks, 8 connecting parkways, 9 circles and 7 smaller spaces. Begun in 1868 by Frederick Law Olmsted and his partner Calvert Vaux, the system was integrated into the city and marks the first attempt in America to layout a coordinated system of public parks and parkways. The Olmsted designed portions of the Buffalo park system are listed on the National Register of Historic Places and are maintained by the Buffalo Olmsted Parks Conservancy. Frederick Law Olmsted, oil painting by John Singer Sargent, 1895, Biltmore Estate, Asheville, North Carolina Frederick Law Olmsted (April 26, 1822 â€“ August 28, 1903) was a United States landscape architect, famous for designing many well-known urban parks, including Central Park and Prospect Park in New York City, the country... An unobtrusive bridge in Central Park, designed by Calvert Vaux, separates pedestrians from the carriage drive. ... The National Register of Historic Places is the USAs official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects worthy of preservation. ...

Waterfront

Situated at the confluence of Lake Erie and the Buffalo and Niagara Rivers, Buffalo is a waterfront city. The city’s rise to economic power came through its waterways in the form of mass transit, manufacturing, and an endless source of energy. Buffalo’s waterfront is still a hub of commerce, trade, and industry that is essential to its economic prosperity. Lake Erie, looking southward from a high rural bluff near Leamington, Ontario Lake Erie (pronounced ) is one of the five large freshwater Great Lakes in North America, which are among the largest in the world. ... The Buffalo River is a river that empties into the eastern end of Lake Erie, one of the Great Lakes, by the City of Buffalo in the United States of America. ... View from near Horseshoe Falls looking across the Niagara River toward Rainbow Bridge in winter Niagara Glens features many treacherous rapids downstream of Niagara Falls The Niagara River flows to the north from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario. ... Waterfront, by definition is the land alongside a body of water, or the dockland district of a town. ... In the United States of America, transit describes local area common carrier passenger transportation configured to provide scheduled service on fixed routes on a non-reservation basis. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Recently, the waterfront is undergoing rapid transformation from its manufacturing nature of the past, and into a focal point for social and recreational activity.

Standard of Living

Overall, Buffalo offers its citizens a reasonable quality of life. It is affordable, and snow is cleared from the streets remarkably fast during winter storms. In July 2005, Reader's Digest ranked Buffalo as the third cleanest large city in the nation.^[4] The well-being or quality of life of a population is an important concern in economics and political science. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

As of 2006, the Buffalo Niagara metropolitan area is the most affordable housing market in the nation. “The quarterly NAHB/Wells Fargo Housing Opportunity Index (HOI) noted that nearly 90% of the new and existing homes sold in the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metro area during the second quarter were affordable to families making the area's median income of $57,000. The area median price of homes was $75,000.”^[5]

In the realm of crime, FBI reports show that Buffalo has seen a 3.5% rise in violent crime from 2004 to 2005, reflecting national trends. While rape decreased 13%, murder increased at an alarming 10%. Currently, the city’s crime rates are well above national averages and provide a stark contrast to other parts of the metropolitan area. Amherst, Buffalo’s largest suburb, has been the nation’s safest city five times since 1997 according to the same FBI reports.^[6] The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a Federal police force which is the principal investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ... Amherst, named the safest town in America, is located in Erie County, New York, directly northeast of the City of Buffalo. ...

Culture

Nicknames

By no means has City of Light been Buffalo's only nickname. The most common of its monikers -- The Queen City -- first appeared in print in the 1840s, referring to the city being the second largest city in New York State behind New York City. Buffalo has also been called The Nickel City due to the appearance of a bison on the back of Indian Head nickel in the early part of the 20th century. The City of Good Neighbors refers to the helpful, friendly spirit of its inhabitants. The term Queen City is used to describe the capital city of a province or state, where that country observes a monarch (typically the Queen of England) as the â€œhead of stateâ€. Regina, Saskatchewan is fondly referred to as the Queen City because Regina is Latin for Queen; named after... The United States five-cent coin, commonly called a nickel, is a unit of currency equaling one-twentieth, or five-hundredths, of a United States dollar. ...

Diversity

Buffalo was first settled by New Englanders, and then experienced a large influx of Germans. The city was further populated by Irish immigrants escaping famine, and infused by Polish, Italian, African American, and more recently Latino populations, all of which have made it a melting pot of ethnic cultures. The newest immigrants are from Somalia, Asia, and the Arab world. This article is about the region in the United States of America. ... Bridget ODonnell and her two children during the famine The Great Famine or the Great Hunger (Irish: An Gorta MÃ³r or An Drochshaol), known more commonly outside of Ireland as the Irish Potato Famine, is the name given to the famine in Ireland between 1845 and 1851. ... An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ... Look up Latino, latino in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Alternate meaning: crucible (science) The melting pot is a metaphor for the way in which heterogenous societies develop, in which the ingredients in the pot (iron, tin; people of different backgrounds and religions, etc. ... An Asian American is a person of Asian ancestry or origin who was born in or is an immigrant to the United States. ... Arab Americans constitute an ethnicity made up of several waves of immigrants from 22 Morocco in the west to Oman in the east. ...

The old First Ward in South Buffalo retains a strong Irish identity, and Kaisertown reflects a German heritage. The city's East Side was once home of Buffalo's Polonia centered around the Broadway Market, a microcosm of Polish traditions and food delicacies. The neighborhood is now largely dominated by African Americans, a reflection of Buffalo once being a major transit point for the Underground Railroad. South Buffalo is the name for a neighborhood in the southern part of Buffalo, New York. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

The West Side is home to the city's Hispanic community, and North Buffalo is home to Buffalo's Italian American communities. The Italian custom of preparing St. Joseph's Day (March 19) tables, at which various meatless Lenten courses are laid out for the poor, continues in many Buffalo households as well as in some churches and restaurants. Bordering the West Side is the Black Rock section, which is a mixture of Polish, Ukrainian and Hungarian, but increasingly Hispanic communities. The Hispanic world Hispanic (Spanish Hispano, from Latin HispÄnus, adjective from HispÄnia, Iberian Peninsula) is a term denoting a derivation from Spain, its people and culture. ... Saint Josephs Day is marked in some branches of Christianity in honor of Saint Joseph, spouse of Mary and foster-father of Jesus. ... In Western Christianity, Lent is the period from Ash Wednesday to Holy Saturday, the day before Easter Sunday. ... Black Rock, once an independent community, is now part of the city of Buffalo, New York. ...

Buffalo is also home to a sizable Jewish community. German Jewish immigrants originally settled on Buffalo's West Side in the mid-1800s. Less well-off Russian and Polish Jews immigrating to the Niagara Frontier in the early 1900s initially settled on the lower East Side, near William and Jefferson Streets. The community migrated to the Masten Park neighborhood on the East Side, and then to North Buffalo between the 1940s and the 1960s. Although many still live in the city, particularly in North Buffalo and the Delaware District, the majority of Buffalo's approximately 15,000 Jews now live in the northeastern suburbs of Amherst and Williamsville. Buffalo's Jewish Community Centers are located in the Delaware District and Amherst. American Jew (also commonly Jewish American) is a general term frequently used to describe an American who maintains an active connection to the Jewish community in the United States or abroad, either through an active practice of Judaism, or through cultural and historical affiliation, or both. ... German Jews have lived in Germany for over 1700 years, through both periods of tolerance and spasms of anti-Semitic violence, culminating in the Holocaust and the destruction of the Jewish community in Germany and much of Europe. ... The history of the Jews in Poland reaches back over a millennium. ... Amherst, named the safest town in America, is located in Erie County, New York, directly northeast of the City of Buffalo. ... Williamsville is a village located in Erie County, New York in the USA. As of the 2000 census, the village had a total population of 5,573. ... A Jewish Community Center is a general recreational, social and fraternal organization serving the Jewish community in a number of cities. ...

Food

The Buffalo area's cuisine reflects Italian, Irish, Jewish, German, Polish, Greek and American influences. Beef on Weck, Wardynski's kielbasa, Sahlen's hot dogs, sponge candy, pierogi, and haddock fish fries are among the local favorites, as is a loganberry-flavored beverage that remains relatively obscure outside of Western New York and Southern Ontario. Teressa Bellissimo, the chef/owner of the city's Anchor Bar, first prepared the now-widespread Buffalo Chicken Wings here on October 3,1964. Local or regional chains with a significant presence in the Buffalo area include Ted's Hot Dogs, Anderson's Frozen Custard, Jim's SteakOut, Tim Hortons, and Mighty Taco. Buffalo's pizza is also of unique design; perhaps because Buffalo is geographically located halfway between New York City and Chicago, Illinois, the pizza made here is likewise about halfway between thin-crust New York-style pizza and deep-dish Chicago-style pizza. A cuisine (from French cuisine, meaning cooking; culinary art; kitchen; itself from Latin coquina, meaning the same; itself from the Latin verb coquere, meaning to cook) is a specific set of cooking traditions and practices, often associated with a place of origin. ... Jewish shop (Le Marais, Paris) // Unlike most other cuisines, Jewish cuisine - because of sheer age of the worldwide Jewish diaspora - is not one unified cuisine, but collective of worldwide traditions of cookery linked together by general conformity of local cuisine to the rules of kashrut, the Jewish dietary laws. ... A kummelweck, or sometimes kimmelweck, is a salty roll, made only in the Buffalo-Rochester area, is basically a Kaiser roll topped with lots of pretzel salt and caraway seeds. ... Wiejska kielbasa Various brands of kielbasa For other uses, see Kielbasa (disambiguation). ... A large hot dog with ketchup A hot dog is classified as a type of sausage or, alternatively, a sandwich on a suitably shaped bun with the sausage and condiments on it. ... Sponge Candy Sponge toffee (also known as honeycomb toffee, cinder toffee, hokey pokey in New Zealand, sponge candy in Erie, Pennsylvania and Buffalo, New York, or occasionally sea foam in Oregon and California) is a sugary confection with a light, rigid, foam-like texture, and is very sticky due to... Pierogi frying A plateful of Polish Pierogi Ruskie Pierogi are a kind of dumpling also known as perogi, perogy, piroghi, pirogi, or pyrohy. ... Although widely available, fish and chips have become particularly popular in seaside towns, for example here in Hunstanton, UK. Fish and chips or fish n chips (also in Scotland, northern England and Northern Ireland: a fish supper), a popular take-away food, consists of deep-fried fish in batter or... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Anchor Bar is a restaurant located at Main and North in downtown Buffalo, New York, USA where the Buffalo-style chicken wing was first served in 1964. ... A plate of home-made buffalo wings Buffalo wings (known simply as wings in much of the Northeast, especially in areas around Buffalo), are unbreaded chicken wing sections (called flats and drums), deep fried, and coated in a cayenne pepper-based sauce with other seasonings. ... Tim Hortons Inc. ... Mighty Taco is a Mexican fast-food restaurant chain in the Buffalo, New York area. ... Nickname: Big Apple Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area - City 1,214. ... Nickname: The Windy City, The Second City, Chi Town Motto: Urbs In Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in Chicagoland and Illinois Coordinates: Country United States State Illinois Counties Cook, DuPage Incorporated March 4, 1837 Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Area - City 606. ... New York-style pizza is sold in oversized, thin and flexible slices. ... Deep dish from Carmens Pizzeria of Evanston Chicago-style pizza is a very specific variety of pizza. ...

Buffalo also has several specialty import/grocery stores in old ethnic neighborhoods, and is home to an eclectic collection of cafes and restaurants that serve adventurous, cosmopolitan fare. Locally-owned restaurants offer Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, Thai, Mexican, Italian, Greek, Arab, Indian, Caribbean, French, and soul food. Arab cuisine is the cuisine of the Arab countries. ... Caribbean cuisine is a fusion of Spanish, French, African, Amerindian and Indian cuisine. ... For the type of cuisine, see soul food. ...

Several well-known food companies are based in Buffalo. Non-dairy whipped topping, later imitated by Cool Whip, was invented in Buffalo in 1945 by Robert E. Rich, Sr. His company, Rich Products, is one of the city's largest private employers. General Mills was organized in Buffalo, and Gold Medal brand flour, Wheaties, Cheerios and other General Mills brand cereals are manufactured here. One of the country's largest cheese manufacturers, Sorrento, has been here since 1947. Cool Whip logo Cool Whip is a brand of imitation whipped cream with < 2% milk product content, called a whipped topping by its manufacturer. ... Rich Products Corporation (also known as Richs) is a privately held international food products corporation headquartered in Buffalo, New York. ... General Mills NYSE: GIS is a Fortune 500 corporation, mainly concerned with food products, which is headquartered in Golden Valley, Minnesota, a suburb of Minneapolis. ... Early Wheaties Cereal Box Wheaties, a wheat and bran mixture baked into flakes, is a breakfast cereal introduced in 1924 and marketed by the General Mills cereal company of Golden Valley, Minnesota. ... Cheerios is a brand of breakfast cereal created in 1941 and marketed by the General Mills cereal company of Golden Valley, Minnesota, as the first oat-based and ready-to-eat without cooking cereal. ... Sorrento Lactalis is one of the largest cheese companies in America. ...

Buffalo is also home to one of the largest privately held food companies in the world, Delaware North Companies, which operates concessions in sports arenas, stadiums, resorts, and many state & federal parks. Delaware North Companies is a privately held company operating in the food service, retail and hospitality industries in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. ...

Art

Buffalo is home to over 50 private and public art galleries, most notably the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, home to a world-class collection of Modern art. The local art scene is also enhanced by the Burchfield-Penney Art Center, Hallwalls Contemporary Arts Center, CEPA, and countless small galleries and studios. AmericanStyle ranked Buffalo fourth in its list of America's top art destinations.^[7] The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. ... The Albright-Knox Art Gallery is a major showplace for modern art and contemporary art in the western New York Region. ... Modern art is a general term used for most of the artistic production from the late 19th century until approximately the 1970s. ... The Burchfield-Penney Art Center is located on the campus of Buffalo State College and was founded in 1966. ...

Two street festivals - the Allentown Art Festival and the Elmwood Festival of the Arts - bring thousands of people to the city to browse and purchase original crafts. Allentown Art Festival is an annual arts festival held in the Allentown neighborhood of Buffalo, New York. ...

Something that makes Buffalo's art scene truly unique is a series of watercolor paintings titled Buffalo My City. This never ending series depicts the many architectural treasures of Buffalo with the added intent of spreading such awareness and pleasure to everyone.

The Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra, which performs at Kleinhans Music Hall, is one of the city's most prominent performing arts institutions. The Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra is located in Buffalo, New York, near DYouville College. ... Kleinhans Music Hall, home of the Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra, was founded by Edward Kleinhans and endowed in the name of his wife, Mary Seaton Kleinhans, and his mother, Mary Livingston Kleinhans. ...

Architecture

Many architectural treasures exist in Buffalo, including: Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (3456x1392, 589 KB) Summary Frank Lloyd Wrights Darwin D. Martin House, in Buffalo, NY. Photo by User:Davepape, 12 June 2006. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (3456x1392, 589 KB) Summary Frank Lloyd Wrights Darwin D. Martin House, in Buffalo, NY. Photo by User:Davepape, 12 June 2006. ... Darwin D. Martin House, Buffalo, New York Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959), perhaps the most famous architect of the United States, designed the Darwin D. Martin House Complex between 1903 and 1905. ...

The country's largest intact parks system designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, including Delaware Park. Buffalo was the first city for which Olmsted designed (in 1869) an interconnected park and parkway system rather than stand-alone parks. Frederick Law Olmsted, oil painting by John Singer Sargent, 1895, Biltmore Estate, Asheville, North Carolina Frederick Law Olmsted (April 26, 1822 â€“ August 28, 1903) was a United States landscape architect, famous for designing many well-known urban parks, including Central Park and Prospect Park in New York City, the country... An unobtrusive bridge in Central Park, designed by Calvert Vaux, separates pedestrians from the carriage drive. ... Delaware Park // History and Information According to [BetUS]: Horse racing in Delaware began during the Colonial period, with the first formal racing facility being built in the town of Newark in 1760. ...

The Guaranty Building, by Louis Sullivan, was one of the first steel-supported, curtain-walled buildings in the world, and its thirteen stories made it, at the time it was built, the tallest building in Buffalo and one of the world's first true skyscrapers. Louis Sullivan Louis Henry (Henri) Sullivan (September 3, 1856â€“April 14, 1924) was an American architect, called the father of modernism. He is considered by many as the creator of the modern skyscraper, was an influential architect and critic of the Chicago School, and was a mentor to Frank Lloyd...

The Hotel Buffalo was the first hotel in the world to feature a private bath in each room.

The H.H. Richardson Complex, originally the State Asylum for the Insane, is Richardsonian Romanesque in style and was the largest commission designed by prominent architect Henry Hobson Richardson. The grounds of this hospital were also designed by Olmsted. Though currently in a state of disrepair, New York State has allocated funds to restore this treasure. H.H. Richardson Complex is the large stone and brick hospital that stands on the grounds of the present day Buffalo Psychiatric Center. ... Henry Hobson Richardson, portrait by Sir Hubert von Herkomer Trinity Church in Boston is one of Richardsons most famous works. ...

The creme-de-la-creme of Buffalo architecture, however, are several buildings by Frank Lloyd Wright, including the Darwin Martin House, George Barton House, William Heath House, The Graycliff Estate, as well as the now demolished Larkin Administration Building. Currently under construction is the never built boathouse designed by Wright, on Buffalo's Black Rock Canal. Buffalo has more Frank Lloyd Wright buildings than any other city except Chicago. Gordon Bunshaft (May 9, 1909â€“August 6, 1990) was a 20th century architect educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. ... The Albright-Knox Art Gallery is a major showplace for modern art and contemporary art in the western New York Region. ... Gottlieb Eliel Saarinen (August 20, 1873, Rantasalmi, Finland â€“ July 1, 1950, Cranbrook, Michigan, United States) was a Finnish architect who became famous for his art nouveau buildings in the early years of the 20th century. ... Saarinens Gateway Arch frames The Old Courthouse, which sits at the heart of the city of Saint Louis, near the rivers edge. ... Kleinhans Music Hall, home of the Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra, was founded by Edward Kleinhans and endowed in the name of his wife, Mary Seaton Kleinhans, and his mother, Mary Livingston Kleinhans. ... Max Abramovitz (May 23, 1908â€“September 12, 2004) was a prominent architect of the New York City firm Harrison, Abramovitz, & Abbe. ... An example of Alexander Phimister Proctors work On the Warpath, Denver, CO Alexander Phimister Proctor (September 27, 1862 â€“ September 4, 1950) was an American sculptor and one of her foremost animaliers, born in Bozanquit, Ontario, his family moved to Denver, Colorado when he was young. ... The McKinley Monument is a 96 foot tall obelisk in Niagara Square, Buffalo, New York, in memory of William McKinley, 25th President of the United States, who was fatally shot while attending the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo on September 6, 1901. ... Grain elevators are buildings or complexes of buildings for storage and shipment of grain. ... A track leading to Buffalo Central Station from the main railway. ... Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867 â€“ April 9, 1959), Master of the Organic Architecture, was one of the most prominent and influential architects of the first half of the 20th century. ... Darwin Martin House, Buffalo, New York Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959), perhaps the most famous architect of the United States, designed the Darwin D. Martin House Complex between 1903 and 1905. ... George Barton House The house, constructed in 1903 for George Barton & his wife Della Martin Barton (sister of Darwin D. Martin) at the northern corner of the Darwin D. Martin lot. ... Larkin Administration Building This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ...

Nightlife

Last call is at 4 a.m. in Buffalo, rather than 2 a.m. like it is in most other areas of the nation. This is often attributed to the historically high density of industrial facilities and the demand of second and third shift patrons. It is also because New York law allows bars to be open until 4 a.m. (However, local municipalities can override it to an earlier time.) This law was actually designed to accommodate the thriving late nightlife of New York City, but the state's "Second City" has adopted it as well. In a pub, a last call is usually announced 10-15 minutes before the bar closes for the night, urging the customers to buy one more drink while they still can. ... Shift work is an employment practice designed to make use of the 24 hours of the clock, rather than a standard working day. ... Official language(s) English de facto Capital Albany Largest city New York City Area Ranked 27th - Total 54,520 sq mi (141,205 kmÂ²) - Width 285 miles (455 km) - Length 330 miles (530 km) - % water 13. ... Nickname: Big Apple Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area - City 1,214. ...

Several distinct and thriving nightlife districts have grown around clusters of bars and nightclubs in the city. The most visible nightlife district is West Chippewa Street, located between Main Street and South Elmwood Avenue. The area is home to high-energy dance clubs, crowded bars, trendy coffehouses, and restaurants. Bohemian Allentown, where bars are as numerous but the atmosphere is a bit more relaxed, is a 20-minute walk north to Allen Street. Allen near Main Street houses numerous alternative lifestyle bars, while Allen near Elmwood has many bars that feature live music. Continuing up Elmwood Avenue from Allentown is the Elmwood Strip, which runs several miles up until Buffalo State College. This strip has numerous small boutiques and restaurants, with few large corporate establishments. Crowds on this strip include everyone from college students to families. Nightlife is the collective term for any entertainment that is available and more popular from the late evening into the early hours of the morning. ... Though a Bohemian is a native of the Czech province of Bohemia, a secondary meaning for bohemian emerged in 19th century France. ... The Allentown district is a neighborhood in Buffalo, New York. ... State University of New York College at Buffalo and often referred to colloquially as Buff State, is a public, liberal arts college in Buffalo, New York and is part of the State University of New York. ...

Points of interest

The Buffalo and Erie County Botanical Gardens are botanical gardens located at 2655 South Park Avenue, Buffalo, New York. ... The Erie Canal (currently part of the New York State Canal System) is a canal in New York State, United States, that runs from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ... Forest Lawn Cemetery in Buffalo was founded in 1849. ... Darwin Martin House, Buffalo, New York Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959), perhaps the most famous architect of the United States, designed the Darwin D. Martin House Complex between 1903 and 1905. ... The McKinley Monument is a 96 foot tall obelisk in Niagara Square, Buffalo, New York, in memory of William McKinley, 25th President of the United States, who was fatally shot while attending the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo on September 6, 1901. ... For other uses, see Niagara Falls (disambiguation). ... USS Little Rock (CG-4 â€” redesignated from original LIGHT CRUISER CL-92 (WW-II), and then later from LIGHT MISSLE CRUISER CLG-4) was laid down by Cramp Shipbuilding Co. ... The Buffalo and Erie County Naval & Military Park, until recently named and still locally referred to as The Buffalo Naval and Servicemens Park, is a museum on the shore of Lake Erie in Buffalo, New York. ... The Anchor Bar is a restaurant located at Main and North in downtown Buffalo, New York, USA where the Buffalo-style chicken wing was first served in 1964. ... Chicken Wings can refer to: A type of food, a serving of the wing sections of a chicken. ...

Sports teams

Current teams

City Orchard Park, New York Team colors Dark Navy, Red, Royal, Nickel, and White Head Coach Dick Jauron Owner Ralph C. Wilson Jr. ... AFL logo The American Football League (AFL) was a professional league of American football that operated from 1960 to 1969. ... The National Football League (NFL) is the largest professional American football league, consisting of thirty-two teams from American cities and regions. ... The Buffalo Sabres are a professional ice hockey team based in Buffalo, New York. ... The modernized NHL shield logo debuted in 2005, replacing the orange and black shield, which had been used since the leagues inception. ... The Buffalo Bisons (Pronounced BI-zons by locals) are a minor league baseball team based in Buffalo, New York. ... The International League (IL) is a minor league baseball league which operates in the eastern United States and Canada. ... Major league affiliations American League (1901-present) Central Division (1994-present) East Division (1969-1993) Major league titles World Series titles (2) 1948 â€¢ 1920 AL Pennants (5) 1997 â€¢ 1995 â€¢ 1954 â€¢ 1948 1920 Central Division titles (6) [1] 2001 â€¢ 1999 â€¢ 1998 â€¢ 1997 1996 â€¢ 1995 Wild card berths (0) None [1] - In... Attention all fans: Due to a recent surge of labor disputes and a player uproar over the recently signed shoe deal, the Buffalo Bandits will cease operations for the 2006 season. ... Old MILL logo The National Lacrosse League (NLL) is the professional league of mens indoor lacrosse in North America. ... The Buffalo Silverbacks are an American Basketball Association team based in Buffalo, New York. ... The American Basketball Association (ABA) is a mens professional basketball league founded in 1999 as a revival of the defunct basketball league, also called the American Basketball Association, that merged with the NBA in 1976. ...

Former teams

The Buffalo Bills was an American Football team that played in the All-America Football Conference from 1946 to 1949. ... The All-America Football Conference (AAFC) was a professional American football league that challenged the rival National Football League from 1946 to 1949. ... The Buffalo Bills was an American Football team that played in the All-America Football Conference from 1946 to 1949. ... The All-America Football Conference (AAFC) was a professional American football league that challenged the rival National Football League from 1946 to 1949. ... The Buffalo Bisons are a defunct American Hockey League ice hockey franchise that played from 1940 to 1970 in Buffalo, New York. ... The American Hockey League (AHL) is regarded as the top professional hockey league in North America outside the National Hockey League (NHL). ... The Buffalo Buffeds were a professional baseball club that played in the short-lived Federal League, which was a minor league in 1913 and a full-fledged outlaw major league the next two years. ... The Federal League was the last major attempt to establish a third major league in baseball in the United States in direct competition with and opposition to the established American and National Leagues in 1914 and 1915. ... The Los Angeles Clippers are a National Basketball Association team based in Los Angeles, California. ... Location of NBA teams, conferences and divisions NBA redirects here. ... The Buffalo Stallions were a soccer team based out of Buffalo that played in the Major Soccer League. ... This article is about the 1978-1992 Major Indoor Soccer League. ... Team logo. ... Roller Hockey International was a roller hockey league in North America between 1993-97 and 1999. ... Team logo. ... Roller Hockey International was a roller hockey league in North America between 1993-97 and 1999. ... Buffalo Blizzard logo The Buffalo Blizzard was an indoor soccer team based in Buffalo, New York. ... The National Professional Soccer League was a professional indoor soccer league in the USA. It started out as the American Indoor Soccer Association in 1984 but changed its name to the National Professional Soccer League in 1990. ... Categories: Stub | American football teams | Columbus, Ohio sports ... The Arena Football League (AFL) sometimes referred to by fans as the Arena League was founded in 1987 as an American football indoor league. ...

Media

Television

WGRZ-TV is the callsign of a television station in Buffalo, New York. ... NBC, (Formerly an acronym for the National Broadcasting Company until 2004), is an American television and radio network based in New York Citys Rockefeller Center. ... WIVB-TV the CBS television affiliate in Buffalo, New York. ... It has been suggested that CBS evening news anchors be merged into this article or section. ... WWKB (formerly WKBW) is a radio station in Buffalo, New York that operates on an AM frequency of 1520. ... The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) operates television and radio networks in the United States and is also shown on basic cable in Canada. ... WNED is the callsign for three public broadcasting stations in Buffalo, New York. ... PBS re-directs here; for alternate uses see PBS (disambiguation) PBS logo The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is a non-profit public broadcasting television service with 349 member TV stations in the United States. ... WNLO 23 is the UPN affiliate for the Buffalo, New York television market, with transmitter facilities located at 870 Whitehaven Road on Grand Island. ... The CW Television Network, or more casually The CW, is a television network in the United States launched during the 2006-07 television season and is also available in Canada. ... WNYB 26 is a Trinity Broadcasting Network affiliate owned by Tri State Christian Television. ... The Trinity Broadcasting Network, or TBN, is the worlds largest Christian television network, Founded by Paul and Jan Crouch in 1973, the network now has a larger U.S. viewership than its three main competitor networks combined. ... WUTV is a broadcast television station in Buffalo, New York, affiliated with the Fox network. ... The Fox Broadcasting Company, usually referred to as just Fox (the company itself prefers the capitalized version FOX), is a television network in the United States and Canada. ... WNYO-TV is a broadcast television station in Buffalo, New York, United States, affiliated with The WB network. ... My Network TV (sometimes written MyNetworkTV, and unofficially abbreviated MNT or MNTV) is an upcoming television network in the United States, owned by News Corporation, which is scheduled to launch on September 5, 2006. ... WPXJ may refer to two television stations owned by Paxson Communications and affiliated with the i (formerly Pax) network: WPXJ-TV, which serves the Buffalo, New York market, and is licensed to Batavia. ... i: Independent Television, or simply i, is a broadcast and cable television network first broadcast on August 31, 1998 under the name Pax TV (early on in its development, it was called PaxNet). ... WNGS 67 (branded as RTN-11) is an independent television station licensed to Springville, New York, serving the Buffalo television market. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Film industry

While Buffalo may not be a major center of film production, the Buffalo Niagara Film Commission exists to promote and assist with filmmaking in the area. In addition, the non-profit Buffalo International Film Festival helps to highlight the work of Buffalonians associated with the film industry. Squeaky Wheel, a non-profit media arts center, provides access for local media artists to video and film equipment, as well as screenings of independent and avant-garde films.

There have also been a number films that were set or filmed in the Buffalo area.

Promotional poster for Buffalo ’66 Buffalo ’66 is a 1998 film, and is writer/director Vincent Gallos semi-autobiographical full-length motion picture debut. ... Bruce Almighty (2003) is a high-grossing comedy movie directed by Tom Shadyac and written by Steve Koren, Mark OKeefe and Steve Oedekerk. ... The Natural is a 1952 novel about baseball written by Bernard Malamud. ... The Savages is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four weekly parts from May 28 to June 18, 1966. ... The Buddy Holly Story is a 1978 biographical film which tells the life story of rock musician Buddy Holly. ...

Transportation

Airport

Buffalo is served by the Buffalo Niagara International Airport, located in Cheektowaga. The airport, recently re-constructed, serves over 5 million passengers a year and is still growing. As of 2006, plans are in the works by U.S. Senator Charles Schumer to make the under-used Niagara Falls International Airport into an international cargo hub for New York and Toronto, as well as Canada as a whole. ^[8] FAA diagram of Buffalo Niagara International Airport (BUF) Buffalo Niagara International Airport (IATA: BUF, ICAO: KBUF) is an airport located in the town of Cheektowaga, Erie County, New York. ... Charles Ellis Chuck Schumer (born November 23, 1950) is an American politician. ... FAA diagram of Niagara Falls International Airport (IAG) Niagara Falls International Airport (IATA: IAG, ICAO: KIAG) is a public-use airport located 4 miles (6 km) east of Niagara Falls, in Niagara County, New York. ...

Public Transit

The Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority (NFTA) operates not only Buffalo Niagara International Airport and Niagara Falls International Airport, but also public transit throughout the Buffalo area. The NFTA runs a number of buses throughout the city and suburbs, as well as a 6-mile (9 km) Metro Rail light rail rapid transit system in the city. The Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority (NFTA) is the local provider of public transportation for Erie and Niagara counties in New York. ... FAA diagram of Buffalo Niagara International Airport (BUF) Buffalo Niagara International Airport (IATA: BUF, ICAO: KBUF) is an airport located in the town of Cheektowaga, Erie County, New York. ... FAA diagram of Niagara Falls International Airport (IAG) Niagara Falls International Airport (IATA: IAG, ICAO: KIAG) is a public-use airport located 4 miles (6 km) east of Niagara Falls, in Niagara County, New York. ... Skytrain Bangkok. ... Buffalo Metro Rail train entering Allen-Medical Campus station Metro Rail is the public transit rail system in Buffalo, New York; it is operated by the Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority, or NFTA. The system consists of single, 10. ... This article is about light rail systems in general. ...

The Metro Rail operates above ground in the section closest to downtown, the Main Street pedestrian mall, then descends under Main Street as it heads toward University at Buffalo's south campus. Buffalo is the smallest city in the United States to have a subway system. Buffalo Metro Rail train entering Allen-Medical Campus station Metro Rail is the public transit rail system in Buffalo, New York; it is operated by the Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority, or NFTA. The system consists of single, 10. ... A pedestrian street is a street where pedestrian traffic is given partial or total priority over all other kinds of traffic. ... University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (also known as the State University of New York at Buffalo or SUNY-Buffalo and abbreviated as UB) is located in Buffalo and Amherst, New York. ... A rapid transit, underground, subway, tube, elevated, or metro(politan) system is a railway system, usually in an urban area, with a high capacity and frequency of service, and grade separation from other traffic. ...

Rail

Two train stations, Buffalo-Depew and Buffalo-Exchange Street serve the city and operated by Amtrak (also VIA Rail). Acela Express in West Windsor, NJ Amtrak Cascades service with tilting Talgo trainsets in Seattle, Washington Amtrak train in downtown Orlando, Florida For other uses, see Amtrak (disambiguation). ... VIA Rail Canada (also referred to as VIA Rail and VIA; pronounced vee-ah) is an independent Crown corporation offering intercity passenger rail services in Canada. ...

Highways

Four Interstate highways run through the Buffalo-Niagara Metropolitan Area, Interstate 90, Interstate 190, Interstate 290, and Interstate 990. I-90 runs from Seattle to Boston and connects Buffalo's southern suburbs with the city and the eastern and northern suburbs. I-190 runs from I-90 through downtown and up to Niagara Falls and onto the Canadian border at two spots. I-290 makes a 10 mile connection between I-190 and I-90, serving the area's northern suburbs. I-990 starts at I-290 and runs over 6 miles up to the Millersport Highway, just south of Lockport. I-990 was intended to run to Lockport but was never completed. The Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly called the Interstate Highway System, is a network of freeways in the United States. ... Interstate 90 (abbreviated I-90) is the longest interstate highway in the United States at nearly 3,100 miles (5,000 kilometers). ... Interstate 190 (abbreviated I-190) runs 28. ... New Yorks Interstate 290 runs for 10 miles near Buffalo, New York from I-90 to I-190. ... Interstate 990 is a short Interstate Highway, located entirely in the state of New York. ...

US 219 and NY 400 are major expressways that run south of the city to the edge of the metropolitan area in Springville and East Aurora, respectively. US 219 is being eyed to become Interstate 67 to Maryland. U.S. Highway 219 is a spur of U.S. Highway 19. ... New York State Route 400 is a divided state highway totally contained within Erie County, New York, USA. The northwest end is connected to the New York State Thruway (Interstate 90) and the southeast end terminates in New York State Route 16. ...

Sister cities

Buffalo has ten sister cities as designated by Sister Cities International(SCI):^[9] Sign denoting twin towns of Neckarsulm Town twinning or sister cities is a concept whereby towns or cities from geographically and politically distinct areas are paired, with the goal of fostering human contact and cultural links. ... Sister Cities International is a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting and fostering town twinning, especially between a city in the United States and a city in another country. ...

See Also: Buffalo Sister Cities - City of Buffalo Image File history File links Flag_of_Ghana. ... Cape Coast, Ghana. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Dortmund is a city in Germany, located in the Bundesland of North Rhine-Westphalia, in the Ruhr area. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ukraine. ... Drohobych (Ukrainian: Ð”Ñ€Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ð±Ð¸Ñ‡; Polish: , German: ; Russian: ; Yiddish: ×“×¨×Ö¸×‘×™×˜×©) is a city in western Ukraine within the Lviv Oblast. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Japan_(bordered). ... Kanazawa - Cherry blossoms outside Kenroku-en Garden. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Qiryat Gat (קרית גת; unofficially also spelled Kiryat Gat) is a city in the Southern District of Israel in Israel. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_France. ... t* Autoroute A22 : Lille - Antwerp - Netherlands A sixth oher ejt weoitjh w newr0tipew roj40=9 dfiojg b o4it orpitre royieoy i53 -y035 3[49430ne â€” the proposed A24 â€” will link Amiens to Lille if built, but there is opposition to its route. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Poland_(bordered). ... Rzeszów (pronounce: [ʒεʃuv]) is a city in south-eastern Poland with a population of 159,649 (2003), granted a town charter in 1354, the capital of the Subcarpathian Voivodship (since 1999), previously of Rzeszow Voivodship (1945-1998). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... Siena is a city in Tuscany, Italy. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia_(bordered). ... Tvers coat of arms depicts grand ducal crown placed on a throne. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... Province of Foggia Torremaggiore is a town and comune in the province of Foggia in the Apulia region of southeast Italy. ...

Honorary Consulates in Buffalo

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