The 100 th running of the Boston Marathon, 1996 The Boston Marathon is an annual marathon sporting event hosted by the city of Boston, Massachusetts, on Patriots' Day, the third Monday of April. Begun in 1897 and inspired by the success of the first modern-day marathon competition in the 1896 Summer Olympics, the Boston Marathon is the world's oldest annual marathon and ranks as one of the world's most prestigious road racing events. Download high resolution version (528x792, 137 KB)Image of the Boston Marathon (courtesy http://philip. ...
Download high resolution version (528x792, 137 KB)Image of the Boston Marathon (courtesy http://philip. ...
Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ...
Modern day marathon runners The word marathon refers to a long-distance road running event of 42. ...
Nickname: City on the Hill, Beantown, The Hub (of the Universe)1, Athens of America, The Cradle of Revolution, Puritan City, Americas Walking City Location in Massachusetts, USA Counties Suffolk County Mayor Thomas M. Menino(D) Area - City 232. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Boston Largest city Boston Area Ranked 44th - Total 10,555 sq mi (27,360 km²) - Width 183 miles (295 km) - Length 113 miles (182 km) - % water 13. ...
Minuteman Statue on the Lexington Green in Lexington, Massachusetts Patriots Grave in the Old Burying Ground, Arlington, Massachusetts. ...
1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...
The 1896 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the I Olympiad, were held in 1896 in Athens, Greece. ...
Today, the Boston Athletic Association (B.A.A.) manages this event. Amateur and professional runners from all over the world compete in the Boston Marathon each year, braving the hilly New England terrain and unpredictable, sometimes brutal, weather to take part in the race. The Boston Athletic Association is a non-profit, organized sports association for the city of Boston, Massachusetts. ...
This article is about the region in the United States of America. ...
For the geological process, see Weathering or Erosion. ...
The Boston Marathon has distinguished itself as the pinnacle event within the sport of road racing by virtue of its traditions, longevity and method of gaining entry into the race (via qualification). The marathon is one of five members of the World Marathon Majors. The World Marathon Majors is a championship style competition that will start in 2006 including the New York City, Boston, Chicago, London and Berlin marathons. ...
The event attracts an average of about 20,000 registered participants each year. In the 100th running of the Boston Marathon in 1996, the number of participants reached 38,000. While there are cash prizes awarded to the winners of the marathon, most of the runners take part in the historical marathon just for the joy of participating in such a prestigious race. Indeed, the qualifying standard is high enough that many marathoners aspire to meet it, and doing so is considered an achievement in itself. Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ...
For other uses, see Cash (disambiguation). ...
A prize is an award given to a person or a group of people to recognise and reward actions or achievements. ...
Boston Marathon's Monday race date is unique to the sporting calendar of the major marathons. The race has traditionally been held on Patriots' Day, and until 1969 that was every April 19, whichever day of the week that fell on. Starting in 1969, the holiday was observed on the third Monday in April, and so the marathon date was correspondingly fixed to that Monday.
The Boston Marathon is New England's most widely viewed sporting event. About 500,000 spectators watch the race live annually, and more than 1,100 media members from over 250 outlets were expected to receive media credentials in 2006. Current course records as of 2007 are 2:07:14 and 2:20:43 for men's open and women's open, respectively.
The B.A.A. -
The Boston Athletic Association is a non-profit, organized sports association that organizes the Boston Marathon and other events. The Boston Athletic Association is a non-profit, organized sports association for the city of Boston, Massachusetts. ...
A non-profit organization (often called non-profit org or simply non-profit or not-for-profit) can be seen as an organization that doesnt have a goal to make a profit. ...
Among the nation's oldest athletic clubs, the Boston Athletic Association was established on March 15, 1887 under its first president, Robert F. Clark, and with the support of George Walker Weld and other leading sports enthusiasts, entrepreneurs and politicians of the day. The B.A.A. is now headquartered at 40 Trinity Place. It relies on the support of John Hancock Financial Services Inc. and other sponsors and contributors not only with its signature event, the Boston Marathon, but also in its year-round community programming. George Walker Weld (1840-1905), youngest son of William Fletcher Weld and member of the Weld Family of Boston, was a founding member of the Boston Athletic Association (organizers of todays Boston Marathon) and the financier of the Weld Boathouse, a landmark on the Charles River. ...
Race The Boston Marathon is open to all runners, male and female, from any nation, but they must meet certain qualifying standards. (The only exception to the qualification requirement is the 1,250 places awarded to runners raising a pre-determined level of sponsorship for officially designated local charities.) To qualify, a runner must first complete a standard marathon course certified by a national governing body affiliated with the International Association of Athletics Federations within a certain period of time before the date of the desired Boston Marathon (usually within approximately 18 months prior). Prospective runners in the peak age range of 18–34 must run a time of no more than 3:10:59 (3 hours and 10 minutes) if male (approximately 7:15 per mile), or 3:40:59 if female (approximately 8:24 per mile); the qualifying time is adjusted upward as age increases. For example, a 40–44 year old male can still qualify with a time of 3:20:59. Besides the Olympic Trials and the Olympic marathons, Boston is the only major American marathon that requires a qualifying time. Thus for many marathoners to qualify for Boston (to "BQ") is a goal and achievement in itself, making it a "people's Olympic event." The shield and spear of the Roman god Mars, which is also the alchemical symbol for iron, represents the male sex. ...
Look up Female in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
One of the most influential doctrines in history is that all humans are divided into groups called nations. ...
Modern day marathon runners The word marathon refers to a long-distance road running event of 42. ...
The International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) is the international governing body for the sport of athletics (known in the US as track and field). It was founded in 1912 at its first Congress in Stockholm, Sweden by representatives from 17 national athletics federations as the International Amateur Athletics Federation. ...
Traditionally, the race began at noon, (wheelchair race began at 11:25 a.m., and the elite women at 11:31 a.m.) at the official starting point in Hopkinton, Massachusetts. Beginning with the 2006 event, the race has used a staggered "wave start," where (in 2006) top seeded runners (the elite men's group) and a first batch of up to 10,000 runners started at noon, with a second group starting at 12:30. Beginning in 2007 the starting times for the race were moved to 10:00 a.m. and 10:30 a.m. for the two wave starts, with the wheelchair and elite women's divisions starting at 9:25 a.m. and 9:35 a.m., respectively. These changes were made primarily because of the runners' desire to begin the race earlier to take advantage of cooler temperatures, though another added benefit is that many roads along the course can reopen to traffic earlier in the day.[1] The course runs through 26.12 miles (42.195 km) of winding roads, following Route 135, Route 16, Route 30 and city streets into the center of Boston, where the official finish line is located at Copley Square, alongside the Boston Public Library. For this reason, the MBTA suspends service to the Copley Square stop for the day, and runs increased service to the area. Noon is the time exactly halfway through the day, written 12:00 in the 24-hour clock and 12:00 noon in the 12-hour clock. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: Country United States State Massachusetts County Middlesex County Settled 1715 Incorporated 1715 Government - Type Open town meeting - Town Manager Anthony Troiano - Board of Selectmen Muriel E. Kramer, Chair Mary C. Pratt, Vice Chair Leonard A. Holden Ronald M. Clark Michael Shepard Area - Town 28. ...
A mile is a unit of length, usually used to measure distance, in a number of different systems, including Imperial units, United States customary units and Norwegian/Swedish mil. ...
km redirects here. ...
Mountain road with hairpin turns in the French Alps For other uses, see Road (disambiguation). ...
Route 135 is an east-west state highway in Massachusetts. ...
Massachusetts Route 16, often referred to simply as Route 16, is a East-West state highway in Massachusetts. ...
Massachusetts Route 30 is an east-west arterial, connecting Grafton with Kenmore Square in Boston. ...
Trinity Church with the Old John Hancock Tower in Copley Square Trinity Church reflected in the windows of the John Hancock Tower Copley Square is an area of the Back Bay district of Boston, Massachusetts. ...
The Boston Public Librarys McKim building The Boston Public Library was established in 1848. ...
The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) is a body politic and corporate, and a political subdivision of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts [2] formed in 1964 to finance and operate most bus, subway, commuter rail and ferry systems in the greater Boston, Massachusetts, USA area. ...
Copley Station is a stop along the Green Line downtown subway of the MBTA. It is located under Copley Square, with entrances and exits along Boylston and Clarendon streets. ...
The Boston Marathon is considered to be one of the more difficult marathon courses because of the infamous Newton, Massachusetts hills, which culminate in Heartbreak Hill near Boston College. While the three hills on Commonwealth Avenue (Route 30) are better known, a preceding hill on Washington Street (Route 16), climbing from the Charles River crossing at 16 miles, is regarded by some as the course’s most difficult challenge.[2][3] Coming immediately after the beating inflicted by a long, steep downhill stretch, it has forced many lesser-trained runners to a walk. Nickname: The Garden City Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: Country United States State Massachusetts County Middlesex County Settled 1639 Incorporated 1688 Government - Type Mayor-council city - Mayor David B. Cohen (Dem) Area - City 18. ...
For similarly-named academic institutions, see Boston (disambiguation). ...
Commonwealth Avenue (often abbreviated Comm Ave by locals) is a road in the city of Boston, Massachusetts beginning at the western edge of the Public Garden, and continuing west through the Back Bay, Kenmore Square, and the suburbs of Brighton and Chestnut Hill. ...
The Charles River from the Boston side, facing Cambridge and the main campus of Harvard University. ...
Only once each have men's and women's world record times for marathon running been set in Boston. In 1947, the men's record time set was 2:25:39, by Suh Yun-Bok of South Korea. In 1975, a women's world record of 2:42:24 was set by Liane Winter of West Germany. Ironically, the course is now considered invalid for international records because the finish is substantially lower in elevation than the start.[citation needed] A world record is the best performance in a certain discipline, usually a sports event. ...
Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Image:Suh yunbok boston winner. ...
Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The race's organizers keep a standard time clock for all entries, though official timekeeping ceases after the six hour mark.
Massachusetts residents are proud of the Marathon, and a yearly tradition among the cities and towns lining the race course has emerged. The local residents gladly welcome the Marathon participants with open arms, and they do their best to provide a supportive, encouraging, friendly atmosphere for the race itself. For the entire distance of the race, thousands of fans and well-wishers line up along the sides of the course to cheer the runners on, encourage them, and provide free water and snacks to any of the runners. The crowds are even more encouraging for the amateur runners and neophytes taking part in the Marathon for the first time. One of the highlights of the race is Wellesley College, in the 13th mile, where many female students cheer the runners in the so-called "scream tunnel." For the opening number of Fiddler on the Roof, see Tradition (song). ...
Wellesley College is a womens liberal arts college that opened in 1875, founded by Henry Fowle Durant and his wife Pauline Fowle Durant. ...
Every year, the Boston Red Sox play a home game at Fenway Park, starting at 11:05 a.m. (10:05 a.m. starting in 2007) When the game ends, the crowd empties into Kenmore Square to cheer as the runners enter the final mile. In 2007, however, the game between the Red Sox and the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim was delayed until 12:05 PM due to heavy rain brought by a late season nor'easter; not surprisingly, the marathon, which had previously been run in a wide variety of weather conditions, was not delayed. Major league affiliations American League (1901–present) East Division (1969–present) Current uniform Retired Numbers 1, 4, 8, 9, 27, 42 Name Boston Red Sox (1908–present) Boston Americans (1901-1907) Other nicknames The BoSox, The Olde Towne Team, The Sox Ballpark Fenway Park (1912–present) Huntington Avenue Baseball Grounds...
“Fenway†redirects here. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...
View of the Citgo sign in Kenmore Square Kenmore Square is a square in Boston, Massachusetts near Fenway Park, consisting of the intersection of several main avenues, (including Beacon Street and Commonwealth Avenue) as well as several other cross streets, and Kenmore Station, a T stop. ...
Major league affiliations American League (1961–present) West Division (1969–present) Current uniform Retired Numbers 11, 26, 29, 30, 42, 50 Name Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim (2005–present) Anaheim Angels (1997-2004) California Angels (1965-1996) Los Angeles Angels (1961-1965) Other nicknames The Halos, Angelitos (Spanish), Serafines (Spanish...
Satellite image of the intense noreaster responsible for the North American blizzard of 2006. ...
Heartbreak Hill Heartbreak Hill is an ascent over one-half mile of the Boston Marathon course, between the 20 and 21 mile marks, in the vicinity of Boston College. It is the last of four "Newton hills", which begin at the 16 mile mark. The Newton hills confound contestants (out of proportion to their modest elevation gain) by forcing a late climb on muscles battered by the downhill trend of the race to that point. Heartbreak Hill itself rises only 80 vertical feet, but is especially dreaded because of its position at the point on a marathon course at which muscle glycogen stores are likely to run out—an event referred to by marathoners as "hitting the wall." A mile is a unit of length, usually used to measure distance, in a number of different systems, including Imperial units, United States customary units and Norwegian/Swedish mil. ...
For similarly-named academic institutions, see Boston (disambiguation). ...
Nickname: The Garden City Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: Country United States State Massachusetts County Middlesex County Settled 1639 Incorporated 1688 Government - Type Mayor-council city - Mayor David B. Cohen (Dem) Area - City 18. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Although it is widely believed, and often reported, that the nickname "Heartbreak Hill" refers to the stretch's winnowing effects on generations of Boston Marathon participants, it actually originated with an event in the 1936 race. On this stretch, defending champion John A. Kelley caught race leader Ellison "Tarzan" Brown, giving Brown a consolatory pat on the shoulder as he passed. His competitive drive apparently stoked by this gesture, Tarzan Brown rallied, pulled away from Kelley, and went on to win—in the words of Boston Globe reporter Jerry Nason, "breaking Kelley's heart."[4] John Adelbert Kelley (the Elder) (September 6, 1907 – October 6, 2004) was an American athlete. ...
Ellison Myers Brown (September 22, 1914[1] - August 23, 1975[2]), widely known as Tarzan Brown, was a two-time winner of the Boston Marathon in 1936 (2:33:40) and 1939 (2:28:51). ...
History
Boston Marathon Finish Line, 1910. The Boston Marathon was originally a local event, but its fame and status have attracted runners from all over the world. In recent years, critics of America's professional sports leagues have pointed to the dominance of foreign-born athletes in the event (especially runners from Kenya) to back their arguments that American professional running is lagging behind the rest of the world in terms of producing quality athletes. However, foreign dominance of the race is nothing new. Between 1946 and 1967 only one American (John J. Kelley in 1957) won the marathon in an era when Finland and Japan were the distance powerhouses. Image File history File links Boston1910. ...
Image File history File links Boston1910. ...
Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic - President George Walker Bush (R) - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from...
A list of professional sports leagues: Auto racing Champcars, formerly CART (Official Page) Formula One, Grand Prix racing (Official Site) IRL (Indy Racing League) (Official Page) NASCAR (National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing) (Official Page) NHRA (National Hot Rod Association) (Official Page) Baseball Major League Baseball Minor League Baseball...
John J. Kelley (The Younger) (b. ...
For most of its history, the Boston Marathon was a free event, and the only prize awarded for winning the race was a wreath woven from olive branches. However, corporate-sponsored cash prizes began to be awarded in the 1980s, when professional athletes began to refuse to run the race without cash awards. The first cash prize for winning the marathon was awarded in 1986. Binomial name L. 19th century illustration The Olive (Olea europaea) is a species of small tree in the family Oleaceae, native to coastal areas of the eastern Mediterranean region, from Lebanon and the maritime parts of Asia Minor and northern Iran at the south end of the Caspian Sea. ...
“Corporate†redirects here. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
A womens 400m hurdles race on a typical outdoor red rubber track. ...
Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ...
Women were not allowed to enter the Boston Marathon officially until 1972. Roberta (Bobbi) Gibb is recognized as the first woman to run the entire Boston Marathon (in 1966). In 1967, Kathrine Switzer, who had registered as "K. V. Switzer", was the first woman to run with a race number. She finished, despite a celebrated incident in which race official Jock Semple tried to rip off her numbers and eject her from the race. In 1996 the B.A.A. retrospectively recognized as champions the unofficial women's leaders of 1966 through 1971. Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ...
Year 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ...
Divisions The Boston Marathon does not only offer running divisions for both men and women. In 1975, a tradition of offering racing opportunities to those with disabilities and impairments began when one wheelchair racer decided to take the challenge and complete the entire distance of the marathon. Since then, three new divisions have emerged, including a push rim wheelchair division, a visually impaired/blind division, and a mobility impaired division. Similar to the running divisions, a set of realistic qualifying times has been developed for these divisions to ensure the continuation of competitive excellence for which the Boston Marathon is so widely acclaimed. In 1986, the Boston Athletic Association, which is responsible for running the event, introduced prize money into the push rim wheelchair division and made this purse the highest purse in the history of the sport. To date, more than 1,000 people with different disabilities and impairments have participated in the wheelchair division, with the other divisions gaining popularity each year. The wheelchair division frequently gains a great deal of national and international attention considering the performances in the Boston Marathon are often record-breaking performances that demonstrate the continued evolution and advancement in the sport.
Controversies and notable events
Rosie Ruiz scandal Scandal came to the Boston Marathon in 1980 when amateur runner Rosie Ruiz came from out of nowhere to win the women's race. Marathon officials became suspicious when it was found Ruiz didn't appear in race videotapes until near the end of the race. A subsequent investigation concluded (though Ruiz never admitted to cheating) that Ruiz had skipped most of the race and blended into the crowd about one mile from the finish line, where she then ran to her apparent victory. Ruiz was officially disqualified, and the winner was proclaimed to be Canadian Jacqueline Gareau. A scandal is a widely publicized incident involving allegations of wrong-doing, disgrace, or moral outrage. ...
Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ...
Look up amateur in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Rosie Ruiz at the finish line of the Boston Marathon, April 21, 1980 Rosie Ruiz Vivas (born 1953, Havana, Cuba) is a Cuban American runner who on April 21, 1980 ostensibly came in as the first place female competitor in the 84th Boston Marathon with a record time of 2...
Look up cheat in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Jacqueline Gareau breaks the tape at the 2005 Boston Marathon. ...
Dick and Rick Hoyt One of the most recognized duos each year at the Boston Marathon is Dick and Rick Hoyt. Dick is the father of Rick, who has cerebral palsy. While doctors originally said he would never have a shot at a normal life and thought that institutionalizing Rick was the best option, Dick and his wife disagreed and raised him like an ordinary child. Eventually a computer device was developed that helped Rick communicate with his family and the family learned of one of his biggest passions: sports. Eventually Dick and Rick started competing in charity runs, with Dick pushing Rick in a wheelchair. The father and son began to enjoy racing so much that they started entering marathons and even triathlons, with Dick towing Rick in a little boat during the swim and carrying him on the front of his bike during the cycling portion. Dick and Rick have competed in 64 marathons and over 200 triathlons and finish with competitive times, often faster than 90% of the pack. Their top marathon finish was an astonishing 2:45, a time unattainable for most average marathoners.The team completed their 25th Boston Marathon in 2006 to help raise money for Easter Seals, when Dick was 64 and Rick was 44. When asked about their motivation to continue racing, they both say that they hope to prove to people all over the world that disabled individuals should not be left in the corner and forgotten about, but rather included so that they can have the life experiences others are so lucky to have.[5] Team Hoyt is a father (Dick Hoyt) and son (Rick Hoyt, b. ...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
The three components of triathlon: Swimming, Cycling, Running A triathlon is an athletic event consisting of swimming, cycling and running over various distances. ...
Easter Seals lily logo, adopted in 1952. ...
Deaths - 2002 - Cynthia Lucero, 28
Also see: 2002 (number). ...
See also This page lists the winners of the Boston Marathon, the oldest annual marathon in the world. ...
References - ^ BAA News Release about earlier start time for 2007 race
- ^ Connelly, Michael: "26 Miles to Boston", pp. 105-06. Parnassus Imprints, 1998
- ^ Boston Course Tips
- ^ THE ULTIMATE GUIDE TO THE BOSTON MARATHON (Blog)
- ^ Team Hoyt Homepage
External links
General reference
Photo and video stories
Further reading History of the Boston Marathon, Boston Marathon:The First Century of the World's Premier Running Event, by Tom Derderian, Human Kinetics Publishers, 1996, 634 pages, ISBN 0-88011-479-7 |
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