Oestridae
Horse Botfly (Gasterophilus intestinalis)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Diptera Suborder: Brachycera Infraorder: Muscomorpha Section: Schizophora Subsection: Calyptratae Superfamily: Oestroidea Family: Oestridae
Subfamilies
Cuterebrinae Gasterophilinae Hypodermatinae Oestrinae Image File history File links Horse_Botfly_Imago. ... Scientific classification redirects here. ... For other uses, see Animal (disambiguation). ... Subphyla and Classes Subphylum Trilobitomorpha Trilobita - trilobites (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata Arachnida - spiders,scorpions, etc. ... Orders Subclass Apterygota Archaeognatha (bristletails) Thysanura (silverfish) Subclass Pterygota Infraclass Paleoptera (Probably paraphyletic) Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) Infraclass Neoptera Superorder Exopterygota Grylloblattodea (ice-crawlers) Mantophasmatodea (gladiators) Plecoptera (stoneflies) Embioptera (webspinners) Zoraptera (angel insects) Dermaptera (earwigs) Orthoptera (grasshoppers, etc) Phasmatodea (stick insects) Blattodea (cockroaches) Isoptera (termites) Mantodea (mantids) Psocoptera... Suborders Nematocera (includes Eudiptera) Brachycera Diptera (di - two, ptera - wings), or true flies, is the order of insects possessing only a single pair of wings on the mesothorax; the metathorax bears a pair of drumstick like structures called the halteres, the remnants of the hind wings. ... Infraorder Orthorrhapha Cyclorrhapha Muscomorpha Brachycera is a suborder of Diptera. ... Sections Aschiza Schizophora see text for superfamilies The Brachyceran infraorder Muscomorpha is a large and diverse group of flies, containing the bulk of the Brachycera, and, in fact, most of the known Diptera. ... Subsections Acalyptratae Calyptratae Schizophora is a section of true flies containing 78 families. ... Superfamilies  Muscoidea  Oestroidea  Hippoboscoidea Calyptratae is a subsection (phenetics) of Schizophora. ... Families  Calliphoridae  Mystacinobiidae  Oestridae  Rhinophoridae  Sarcophagidae  Tachinidae Oestroidea is a superfamily of Calyptratae. ... Genera Cuterebra Dermatobia Cuterebrinae is a subfamily of Oestridae which includes large, parasitic flies; this group has historically been treated as a family, but all recent classifications place them firmly within the Oestridae. ... Genera Gasterophilus Gasterophilinae (also called horse bot) is a subfamily of Oestridae. ... Genera Hypoderma Oestroderma Oestromyia 6 others Hypodermatinae is a subfamily of Oestridae which includes large, parasitic flies, some of which are known as warble flies. ... Genera Cephenemyia Oestrus 7 others Oestrinae is a subfamily of Oestridae which includes parasitic flies attacking a range of different hosts. ...

Larval stage of the Gasterophilus intestinalis

Ox Warble-fly (Hypoderma bovis)

Oestridae (also called botfly or "bumfly" bot fly) is a family of Oestroidea. It is one of several families of hairy flies whose larvae live as parasites within the bodies of mammals, such as the Desert Woodrat. There are approximately 150 known species worldwide. Image File history File links Magendassel. ... Image File history File links Magendassel. ... Image File history File links Ox_Warble-fly. ... Image File history File links Ox_Warble-fly. ... Species several; see text Ox Warble-fly (Hypoderma bovis) Warble fly is a name given to the genus Hypoderma, large flies which are parasitic on cattle and deer. ... The hierarchy of scientific classification In biological classification, family (Latin: familia, plural familiae) is a rank, or a taxon in that rank. ... Families  Calliphoridae  Mystacinobiidae  Oestridae  Rhinophoridae  Sarcophagidae  Tachinidae Oestroidea is a superfamily of Calyptratae. ... For other uses, see Fly (disambiguation) and Flies (disambiguation). ... This article is about spirits of the dead. ... A parasite is an organism that spends a significant portion of its life in or on the living tissue of a host organism and which causes harm to the host without immediately killing it. ... Subclasses & Infraclasses Subclass †Allotheria* Subclass Prototheria Subclass Theria Infraclass †Trituberculata Infraclass Metatheria Infraclass Eutheria For the folk-rock band see The Mammals. ... Species Neotoma lepida The Desert Woodrat (Neotoma lepida) is a small species of pack rat native to desert regions of western North America, ranging from southeastern Oregon and southwestern Idaho (USA), south to Baja California and extreme northwestern Sonora, Mexico. ...

Only one bot fly species attacks humans, the Dermatobia hominis. For many years the deer botfly was cited as the fastest flying insect in the Guinness Book of World Records, but the claim has been refuted and is no longer considered probable. Binomial name Dermatobia hominis (Linnaeus, 1781) The genus Dermatobia contains only one species, D. hominis, the only species of bot fly that attacks humans (in addition to other primates). ... Subfamilies  Cephenemyiinae  Gasterophilinae  Hypodermatinae Oestridae (also called botfly or bot fly) is a family of Oestroidea. ... The Guinness Book of Records (or in recent editions Guinness World Records, and in previous US editions Guinness Book of World Records) is a book published annually, containing an internationally recognized collection of superlatives: both in terms of human achievement and the extrema of the natural world. ...

Life cycle

• Botflies deposit eggs in a host body, or sometimes use an intermediate vector: common houseflies for example.
• Eggs are deposited in animal skin directly, or the larvae drop from the egg: the body heat of the animal induces hatching upon contact. Some forms of botfly also reside in the digestive tract when consumed by a licking action.
• Myiasis can be caused by larvae burrowing into the skin (or tissue lining) of the host animal.
• Mature larvae drop from the host and complete the pupal stage in soil.
• They do not kill the host animal, and thus are true parasites (though some species of rodent-infesting botflies do consume the host's testes/ovaries).
• The bot fly presents annual difficulties to equestrian caretakers, as it lays eggs on the insides of horse’s front legs, on the cannon bone and knees, and sometimes on the throat or nose, depending on what type of bot fly does the laying. These eggs, which look like small, yellow drops of paint, must be carefully removed during the laying season (late summer and early fall) to prevent infestation in the horse. When a horse rubs its nose on its legs, the eggs are transferred to the mouth, and from there to the intestines, where the larva grows and migrates to the skin. When ready to emerge, a thumbnail-sized lump will appear on the horse, which is not painful, but if the lump happens to be where the saddle or bridle go, the horse will be out of commission until the wound made by the young bot fly’s emergence heals. Additionally, migrating larva may cause mouth sores, ulcers in the stomach, and blockage of the pyloric valve which could lead to colic. Removal of the eggs (which adhere to the host’s hair) is tricky, since the bone and tendons are directly under the skin on the cannon bones: eggs must be removed with a sharp knife (often a razor blade) or rough sand paper, and caught before they reach the ground. During this process the human can also become infected. Bots can be controlled with several types of dewormers, including dichlorvos, ivermectin, and trichlorfon

Binomial name Musca domestica The housefly (Musca domestica Linnaeus) is the most common fly occurring in homes and indeed one of the most widely distributed animals and the most familiar of all flies; it is a pest that can facilitate serious diseases. ... This article is about the organ. ... A larval insect A larva (Latin; plural larvae) is a juvenile form of animal with indirect development, undergoing metamorphosis (for example, insects or amphibians). ... For the Physics term GUT, please refer to Grand unification theory The gastrointestinal or digestive tract, also referred to as the GI tract or the alimentary canal or the gut, is the system of organs within multicellular animals which takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and... Cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha) pupa A pupa (Latin pupa for doll, pl: pupae or pupas) is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation. ... This article is about a relationship between organisms. ... Human male anatomy The testicles, known medically as testes (singular testis), are the male generative glands in animals. ... // For ovary as part of plants see ovary (plants) An ovary is an egg-producing reproductive organ found in female organisms. ... For the Roman class, see Equestrian (Roman) A young rider at a horse show in Australia. ... The equine forelimb is the front, or thoracic limb of the horse. ... Human anatomy In human anatomy, the knee joint is a complex, compound, condyloid variety of a synovial joint. ... For other uses, see Throat (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Nose (disambiguation). ... The intestine is the portion of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine. ... A larval insect A larva (Latin; plural larvae) is a juvenile form of animal with indirect development, undergoing metamorphosis (for example, insects or amphibians). ... A saddle is a seat for a rider fastened to an animals back. ... A bridle is a piece of equipment used to control a horse. ... From Greek pylorus; pyl- = gate, -orus = guard. ... Equine colic, in its most general form, is a clinical sign or a symptom rather than a diagnosis. ... A tendon or sinew is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue, attached on one end to a muscle and on the other to a bone. ... Dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate) is an insecticide. ... Ivermectin is an anti-parasite medication and is effective against most common intestinal worms (except tapeworms), most mites, and some lice. ... Trichlorfon is an organophosphate acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. ...

Locations

Botflies live in a variety of places, mostly warm and damp climates including throughout Brazil and Chile, as well as far north as the southern United States.

Countries with known botfly encounters:

• Brazil
• Belize
• Chile
• United States
• Mexico
• Honduras
• Dominican Republic
• Peru
• Chile
• Argentina
• Several small provinces in Africa.

References

• Pape, T. (2001). Phylogeny of Oestridae (Insecta: Diptera). Systematic Entomology 26, 133–171. doi: 10.1046/

A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ...

External links

• Encyclopedia.com article
• "Bug Attack" documentary: includes footage and description of botflies
• A snopes article concerning a botfly infestation
• Human Botfly, Description and Cure
• Footage of a Human Botfly removal

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Bot fly