Location of North Solomons (Bougainville) Province in Papua New Guinea

District map of North Solomons Province

The Bougainville Province, also known as North Solomons Province, is an autonomous province in Papua New Guinea and is the largest of the Solomon Islands group. The largest island is Bougainville Island, and the capital is Arawa. The province also includes the adjacent island of Buka and assorted outlying islands including the Carterets. The population of the province is 175,160 (2000 census). Location of North Solomons (Bougainville) Province in Papua New Guinea This article is about the island; Bougainville is also the name of a commune in the Somme département of France. ... Image File history File links Papua_new_guinea_north_salomons_province. ... Image File history File links Papua_new_guinea_north_salomons_province. ... Image File history File links Bvdistricts. ... Image File history File links Bvdistricts. ... An autonomous (subnational) entity is a subnational entity that has a certain amount of autonomy. ... In Māori tradition, Arawa was one of the great ocean-going, voyaging canoes that was used in the migrations that settled New Zealand. ... Buka Island is the second largest island in the Papua New Guinean province of Bougainville. ... The Carteret Atoll seen from space The Carteret Islands (also known as Carteret Atoll, Tulun or Kilinailau Islands/Atoll) are Papua New Guinea islands located north-east of Bougainville in the South Pacific. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ...

Bougainville Island is ecologically and geographically, although not politically, part of the Solomon Islands. Buka, Bougainville, and most of the Solomons are part of the Solomon Islands rain forests ecoregion. For the journal, see Ecology (journal). ... True-color image of the Earths surface and atmosphere Physical geography (also know as geosystems or physiography) is a subfield of geography that focuses on the systematic study of patterns and processes within the hydrosphere, biosphere, atmosphere, and lithosphere. ... Political geography is the field of human geography that is concerned with the study of both the spatially uneven outcomes of political processes and the ways in which political processes are themselves affected by spatial structures. ... Buka Island is the second largest island in the Papua New Guinean province of Bougainville. ... The Solomon Islands rain forests are a terrestrial ecoregion which includes most of the Solomon Islands (except the Santa Cruz Islands) and the islands of Bougainville and Buka, which are part of Papua New Guinea. ... An ecoregion, sometimes called a bioregion, is a relatively large area of land or water that contains a geographically distinct assemblage of natural communities. ...

History

Main article: History of Bougainville

Topographic map of Bougainville

The island was named after the French navigator Louis Antoine de Bougainville (whose name has also been lent to the creeping tropical flowering vines of the genus Bougainvillea ). In 1885 it came under German administration as part of German New Guinea. Australia occupied it in 1914 and, as a League of Nations mandatory power, administered it from 1918 until the Japanese invaded in 1942 and then again from 1945 until PNG independence in 1975, as a United Nations mandatory power. Bougainville is a province of Papua New Guinea. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 516 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1347 × 1565 pixel, file size: 705 KB, MIME type: image/png) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 516 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1347 × 1565 pixel, file size: 705 KB, MIME type: image/png) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... A navigator is the person onboard a ship responsible for the navigation of the vessel. ... Louis-Antoine de Bougainville (1729–1811) Louis-Antoine de Bougainville Louis Antoine de Bougainville, Comte de Bougainville (November 12, 1729 – August 20, 1811) was a French navigator and military commander. ... Species Selected species: Bougainvillea buttiana Bougainvillea glabra Bougainvillea peruviana Bougainvillea spectabilis Bougainvillea spinosa Bougainvillea is a genus of flowering plants native to South America from Brazil west to Peru and south to southern Argentina (Chubut Province). ... German New Guinea (Ger. ... The League of Nations was an international organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference in 1919–1920. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...

The island was occupied by Australian, American and Japanese forces in World War II. It was an important base for the USAAF, RAAF and RNZAF. On March 8, 1944 during World War II, American forces were attacked by Japanese troops on Hill 700 on this island. The battle lasted five days, ending with a Japanese retreat. The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) was the aviation component of the United States Army primarily during World War II. The title of Army Air Forces succeeded the prior name of Army Air Corps in June 1941 during preparation for expected combat in what came to be known as... The RAAF Roundel is based on that of the British Royal Air Force, with the central circle replaced by a Kangaroo, a symbol of Australia. ... The Royal New Zealand Air Force or RNZAF is the air operations arm of the New Zealand Defence Force. ... is the 67th day of the year (68th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Generally, a battle is an instance of combat in warfare between two or more parties wherein each group will seek to defeat the others. ... Definition Withdrawing is the act of removing all or part of a military force from combat and moving to a safe location. ...

The island is rich in copper and gold. A large mine was established at Panguna in the early 1970s by Bougainville Copper Limited, a subsidiary of Rio Tinto. For other uses, see Copper (disambiguation). ... GOLD refers to one of the following: GOLD (IEEE) is an IEEE program designed to garner more student members at the university level (Graduates of the Last Decade). ... Panguna is a town of Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea. ... Bougainville Copper Ltd is a copper gold and silver mining company that operated the Panguna open cut mine in Bougainville. ... Rio Tinto may refer to: Rio Tinto (Paraíba), in Paraíba State, Brazil. ...

Independence movement's flag

Disputes over the environmental impact, financial benefits, and social change brought by the mine renewed a secessionist movement that had been dormant since the 1970s. The independence of Bougainville (Republic of North Solomons) were unsuccessfully proclaimed twicely: in 1975 and 1990. It developed into a civil conflict that lasted nearly a decade and claimed up to 20,000 lives. ^{[citation needed]} The Papua New Guinean government requested the help of Sandline International, a private military company previously involved in supplying mercenaries in the civil war in Sierra Leone, to put down the rebellion. This resulted in the Sandline scandal. Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Secession is the act of withdrawing from an organization, union, or political entity. ... The Solomons archipelago. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ... Sandline International was a private security (military) company based in London, established in the early 1990s. ... For other uses, see Mercenary (disambiguation). ... The Sandline affair was a political scandal that became one of the defining moments in the history of Papua New Guinea, and particularly that of the conflict in Bougainville. ...

The conflict ended in 1997, after negotiations brokered by New Zealand. A peace agreement finalised in 2000 provided for the establishment of an Autonomous Bougainville Government, and for a referendum in the future on whether the island should become politically independent. For the band, see 1997 (band). ...

Elections for the first Autonomous Government were held in May and June of 2005. On June 15, 2005, Joseph Kabui was elected President. is the 166th day of the year (167th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Joseph Kabui was a seccesionist leader of the island off the coast of Papua New Guinea, Bouganville. ...

On July 25, 2005 rebel leader Francis Ona died after a short illness. A former surveyor with Bougainville Copper Limited, Ona was a key figure in the secessionist conflict and had refused to formally join the island's peace process. is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Francis Ona Francis Ona (c. ...

See also

• Noah Musingku - businessman, warlord and Bougainville separatist leader.
• Bougainville campaign (1943–45)
• Empress Augusta Bay
• Battle of Empress Augusta Bay
• North Solomon Islands
• Francis Ona

Noah Musingku is a businessman, warlord and Bougainville separatist leader. ... Combatants  United States  Australia  New Zealand Colony of Fiji Empire of Japan Commanders Roy Geiger Theodore Wilkinson Oscar Griswold Stanley Savige Harukichi Hyakutake Masatane Kanda Strength 126,000 troops,[1] 728 aircraft[2] 42,000–45,000 troops,[3] 154 aircraft[2] Casualties 1,243 dead[4] 18,500–21... Empress Augusta Bay is a major geographical feature on the western side of the island of Bougainville, in Papua New Guinea. ... The Battle of Empress Augusta Bay was a land and naval battle in the Pacific campaign of World War II fought on the night of 1-2 November, 1943 on Bougainville, an island in the Solomon Islands group, but part of the Territory of New Guinea. ... The North Solomons are the former German Solomon Islands in Melanesia which were part of German New Guinea. ... Francis Ona Francis Ona (c. ...

Further reading

• Douglas Oliver, Bougainville: A Personal History (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1973)
• Douglas Oliver, Black Islanders: A Personal Perspective of Bougainville, 1937–1991 (Melbourne: Hyland House, 1991) [Repeats text from 1973 and updates with summaries of Papua New Guinea press reports on the Bougainville Crisis]
• Paul Quodling, Bougainville: The Mine And The People
• Regan, Anthony and Griffin, Helga (eds.) 2005. Bougainville Before the Crisis. Canberra: Pandanus Books.
• Robert Young Pelton, Hunter Hammer and Heaven, Journeys to Three World's Gone Mad. ISBN 1-58574-416-6

External links

• UN Map #4089 — United Nations map of the vicinity of Bougainville Island, PDF format
• Conciliation Resources - Bougainville Project
• The Bougainville Conflict
• The Coconut Revolution, a documentary film about the Bougainville Revolutionary Army.

Coordinates: 6°00′S, 155°00′E The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... “PDF” redirects here. ... The Bougainville Revolutionary Army (BRA) was formed in 1988 by Bougainvilleans seeking independence from Papua New Guinea (PNG). ... Papua New Guinea is divided into twenty provinces (capitals in parentheses): North Solomons (Bougainville) (Arawa) Central (Port Moresby) Chimbu (Kundiawa) Eastern Highlands (Goroka) East New Britain (Rabaul) East Sepik (Wewak) Enga (Webag) Gulf (Kerema) Madang (Mandang) Manus (Lorengau) Milne Bay (Milne Bay) Morobe (Lae) National Capital District (Port Moresby) New... Image File history File links Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea. ... Location of Central Province in Papua New Guinea Central Province is a province in Papua New Guinea located on the southern coast of that country. ... Location of Eastern Highlands Province in Papua New Guinea Eastern Highlands is a highlands province of Papua New Guinea. ... East New Britain is a province of Papua New Guinea. ... East Sepik is a province in Papua New Guinea. ... Enga refers to both an ethnic group located in the highlands Papua New Guinea and the province in which they are the majority ethnic group. ... Gulf Province is a province of Papua New Guinea located on the southern coast. ... Location of Madang Province in Papua New Guinea Madang has many of Papua New Guineas highest peaks, its most active volcanos, and its biggest mix of languages (175). ... Location of Manus Province in Papua New Guinea Manus Province is the smallest province in Papua New Guinea with a land area of 2100km², but with more than 220,000km² of water. ... Milne Bay is a province of Papua New Guinea. ... Morobe Province is a province on the northern coast of Papua New Guinea. ... Location of New Ireland Province in Papua New Guinea New Ireland Province, formerly New Mecklenburg (German: ) is the most northeastern province of Papua New Guinea. ... Oro Province, formerly Northern Province, is a coastal province of Papua New Guinea. ... Sandaun Province, formerly known as West Sepik, is the north-westernmost province of Papua New Guinea. ... Location of Simbu (Chimbu) Province in Papua New Guinea Simbu, formerly known as Chimbu, is a highland province in Papua New Guinea. ... Location of Southern Highlands Province in Papua New Guinea Southern Highlands is a province in Papua New Guinea. ... Location of Western Province in Papua New Guinea Western Province is a coastal province in southwestern Papua New Guinea, bordering the Indonesian province of Papua. ... Location of Western Highlands Province in Papua New Guinea Western Highlands is a province of Papua New Guinea. ... West New Britain is a province of Papua New Guinea on the islands of New Britain. ... Location of the National Capital District in Papua New Guinea The National Capital District of Papua New Guinea is the incorporated area around Port Moresby, which is the capital of Papua New Guinea. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...