Bovinae
Water Buffalo
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Bovidae Subfamily: Bovinae Gray, 1821
Tribes
Bovini Boselaphini Strepsicerotini ImageMetadata File history File links Water_buffalo_bathing. ... For the controversy at the University of Pennsylvania, see Water buffalo incident. ... For other uses, see Scientific classification (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Animal (disambiguation). ... Typical Classes See below Chordates (phylum Chordata) are a group of animals that includes the vertebrates, together with several closely related invertebrates. ... Subclasses & Infraclasses Subclass †Allotheria* Subclass Prototheria Subclass Theria Infraclass †Trituberculata Infraclass Metatheria Infraclass Eutheria Mammals (class Mammalia) are warm-blooded, vertebrate animals characterized by the presence of sweat glands, including those that produce milk, and by the presence of: hair, three middle ear bones used in hearing, and a neocortex... Families Suidae Hippopotamidae Tayassuidae Camelidae Tragulidae Moschidae Cervidae Giraffidae Antilocapridae Bovidae The even-toed ungulates form the mammal order Artiodactyla. ... Subfamilies Bovinae Cephalophinae Hippotraginae Antilopinae Caprinae A bovid is any of almost 140 species of cloven-hoofed mammals belonging to the family Bovidae. ... John Edward Gray. ...

The biological subfamily Bovinae (or bovines) includes a diverse group of about 24 species of medium-sized to large ungulates, including domestic cattle, Bison, the Water Buffalo, the Yak, and the four-horned and spiral-horned antelopes. The evolutionary relationship between the members of the group is obscure, and their classification into loose tribes rather than formal sub-groups reflects this uncertainty. General characteristics include a cloven hoof and usually at least one of the sexes of a species having a true horn. ... Orders & Clades Order Perissodactyla Eparctocyona Order Arctostylonia (extinct) Order Mesonychia (extinct) Cetartiodactyla Order Cetacea Order Artiodactyla Bulbulodentata (extinct) Family Hyopsodontidae Meridiungulata (extinct) Order Litopterna Notoungulata (extinct) Order Toxodontia Order Typotheria Ungulates (meaning roughly being hoofed or hoofed animal) are several groups of mammals most of which use the tips of... For general information about the genus, including other species of cattle, see Bos. ... Species †B. antiquus B. bison B. bonasus †B. latifrons †B. occidentalis †B. priscus Bison is a taxonomic group containing six species of large even-toed ungulates within the subfamily Bovinae. ... For the controversy at the University of Pennsylvania, see Water buffalo incident. ... For other uses, see Yak (disambiguation). ... This article deals with the African herbivorous mammal. ... A cloven-hoof is a type of hoof that is found on some animals. ... Highland cow, a very old long-horned breed from Scotland. ...

The Boselaphini or four-horned antelope tribe are the last survivors of a form very similar to that of the ancestors of the entire subfamily. Both species have relatively primitive anatomical and behavioural characteristics and the females have no horns. They are native to the rapidly diminishing forests of India, and tend to avoid open plains. The Nilgai has been introduced into southern Texas where a population of a little under 100,000 animals provides some long-term insurance for its survival. Binomial name Boselaphus tragocamelus Pall. ... Official language(s) No official language See languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Largest metro area Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington Area  Ranked 2nd  - Total 261,797 sq mi (678,051 km²)  - Width 773 miles (1,244 km)  - Length 790 miles (1,270 km)  - % water 2. ...

The Bovini tribe is made up of large to very large grazers, including large animals of great economic significance to humans in Domestic Cattle, Water Buffalo, and the Yak, as well as smaller Asian relatives, and large free-roaming bovids in the African Buffalo and the American Bison. Binomial name Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 Cattle are domesticated ungulates, a member of the subfamily Bovinae of the family Bovidae. ... For the controversy at the University of Pennsylvania, see Water buffalo incident. ... For other uses, see Yak (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Syncerus caffer (Sparrman, 1779) Subspecies The African Buffalo or Cape Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) is a bovid from the family of the Bovidae. ... Binomial name (Linnaeus, 1758) Subspecies B. b. ...

Where the Boselaphini and Bovini are mostly Asian, members of the Strepsicerotini tribe, the spiral-horned antelopes, are found only on the continent of Africa. This group tends to large size, a lighter build, longer necks and considerable sexual dimorphism. Seven of the 9 species are of conservation concern, being classified as lower-risk, conservation dependent, the remaining two, the Common Eland and the Giant Eland are secure. A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... Female (left) and male Common Pheasant, illustrating the dramatic difference in both color and size, between the sexes Sexual dimorphism is the systematic difference in form between individuals of different sex in the same species. ... Binomial name Taurotragus oryx Pallas, 1766 The Common Eland (Taurotragus oryx) is a savannah and plain antelope found in East and Southern Africa. ... A Giant Eland Binomial name Taurotragus derbianus Gray, 1847 The Giant Eland (Taurotragus derbianus also known as the Derby Eland) is an open forest savannah antelope. ...

In most countries, bovines are used for food. Cows are eaten almost everywhere, except in India where bovines are considered sacred by most Hindus. Some of the largest cattle breeding areas in the United States are Montana, Nebraska, Oklahoma and Texas. This article discusses the adherents of Hinduism. ... Official language(s) English Capital Helena Largest city Billings Area  Ranked 4th  - Total 147,165 sq mi (381,156 km²)  - Width 255 miles (410 km)  - Length 630 miles (1,015 km)  - % water 1  - Latitude 44°26N to 49°N  - Longitude 104°2W to 116°2W Population  Ranked... Official language(s) English Capital Lincoln Largest city Omaha Largest metro area Omaha Area  Ranked 16th  - Total 77,421 sq mi (200,520 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 430 miles (690 km)  - % water 0. ... Official language(s) None Capital Oklahoma City Largest city Oklahoma City Largest metro area Oklahoma City metro area Area  Ranked 20th  - Total 69,898 sq mi (181,196 km²)  - Width 230 miles (370 km)  - Length 298 miles (480 km)  - % water 1. ... Official language(s) No official language See languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Largest metro area Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington Area  Ranked 2nd  - Total 261,797 sq mi (678,051 km²)  - Width 773 miles (1,244 km)  - Length 790 miles (1,270 km)  - % water 2. ...

Systematics and Classification

• FAMILY BOVIDAE
  • Subfamily Bovinae
    • Tribe Boselaphini
      • Genus Tetracerus
        • Four-horned Antelope, Tetracerus quadricornis
      • Genus Boselaphus
        • Nilgai or blue bull, Boselaphus tragocamelus (not to be confused with the extinct Bluebuck Hippotragus leucophaeus, Hippotraginae)
    • Tribe Bovini
      • Genus Bubalus
        • Water Buffalo, Bubalus bubalus
        • Lowland Anoa, Bubalus depressicornis
        • Mountain Anoa, Bubalus quarlesi
        • Tamaraw, Bubalus mindorensis
      • Genus Bos
        • Aurochs, Bos primigenius (extinct)
        • Banteng, Bos javanicus
        • Gaur, Bos gaurus
        • Gayal, Bos frontalis (domestic gaur)
        • Yak, Bos mutus
        • Domestic Cattle, Bos taurus (increasingly considered a subspecies of Bos primigenius)
        • Kouprey, Bos sauveli
      • Genus Pseudonovibos
        • Kting Voar, Pseudonovibos spiralis
      • Genus Pseudoryx
        • Saola, Pseudoryx nghetinhensis
      • Genus Syncerus
        • African Buffalo, Syncerus caffer
      • Genus Bison
        • American Bison, Bison bison
        • Wisent, Bison bonasus
        • Steppe Wisent, Bison priscus (extinct)
    • Tribe Strepsicerotini
      • Genus Tragelaphus (antelope-like)
        • Sitatunga, Tragelaphus spekeii
        • Nyala, Tragelaphus angasii
        • Bushbuck, Tragelaphus scriptus
        • Mountain Nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni
        • Lesser Kudu, Tragelaphus imberbis
        • Greater Kudu, Tragelaphus strepsiceros
        • Bongo, Tragelaphus eurycerus
      • Genus Taurotragus
        • Common Eland, Taurotragus oryx
        • Giant Eland, Taurotragus derbianus

Subfamilies Bovinae Cephalophinae Hippotraginae Antilopinae Caprinae A bovid is any of almost 140 species of cloven-hoofed mammals belonging to the family Bovidae. ... Binomial name Tetracerus quadricornis Blainville, 1816 The Four-horned Antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis) also known as the chousingha is an antelope found in open forest in South Asia. ... Binomial name Boselaphus tragocamelus Pall. ... Binomial name Hippotragus leucophaeus Pallas, 1766 The bluebuck or blue antelope (Hippotragus leucophaeus) is an extinct species of antelope, the first large African mammal to disappear in historic times, related to the roan antelope and sable antelope, but slightly smaller than both. ... Genera Hippotragus Oryx Addax A grazing antelope is any of the 6 species of antelope that make up the subfamily Hippotraginae in the family Bovidae, which also includes sheep, goats, and cattle. ... Species Bubalus arnee Bubalus depressicornis Bubalus quarlesi Bubalus mindorensis Bubalus is a genus of bovines, the English name of which is buffalo. ... For the controversy at the University of Pennsylvania, see Water buffalo incident. ... Species Bubalus quarlesi Bubalus depressicornis There are two species of anoa: the Mountain Anoa (Bubalus quarlesi) and the Lowland Anoa (Bubalus depressicornis). ... Species Bubalus quarlesi Bubalus depressicornis There are two species of anoa: the Mountain Anoa (Bubalus quarlesi) and the Lowland Anoa (Bubalus depressicornis). ... Binomial name Bubalus mindorensis (Heude, 1888) The Tamaraw (Bubalus mindorensis; previously Anoa mindorensis), Tamarao or Mindoro Dwarf Buffalo is a bovine endemic to the island of Mindoro in the Philippines. ... Species B. acutifrons † B. aegyptiacus † B. frontalis B. gaurus B. grunniens B. javanicus B. planifrons † B. primigenius † B. sauveli B. taurus Bos is the genus of wild and domestic cattle or oxen. ... Binomial name Subspecies Bos primigenius primigenius   (Bojanus, 1827) Bos primigenius namadicus   (Falconer, 1859) Bos primigenius mauretanicus   (Thomas, 1881) See Ur (rune) for the rune. ... Binomial name Bos javanicus dAlton, 1823 The Banteng (Bos javanicus) is an ox that is found in Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Borneo, Java, and Bali. ... Binomial name Bos gaurus H. Smith, 1827 Range map The Gaur (IPA gauɹ) (Bos gaurus, previously Bibos gauris) is a large, dark-coated ox of South Asia and Southeast Asia. ... Binomial name Bos gaurus H. Smith, 1827 The Gaur (Bos gaurus, previously Bibos gauris) is a large, dark-coated ox of the hilly areas of India and Southeast Asia, which may be found wild or domesticated. ... For other uses, see Yak (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 Cattle are domesticated ungulates, a member of the subfamily Bovinae of the family Bovidae. ... Binomial name Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 Cattle are domesticated ungulates, a member of the subfamily Bovinae of the family Bovidae. ... Binomial name Bos sauveli Urbain, 1937 The Kouprey (Bos sauveli also known as Kouproh) is a wild forest dwelling ox found mainly in northern Cambodia but also believed to be found in southern Laos, western Vietnam, and eastern Thailand. ... Binomial name Pseudonovibos spiralis Peter, 1994 The Kting Voar, also known as the Khting Vor, Linh Duong, or Snake-eating Cow (Pseudonovibos spiralis) is a bovid mammal reputed to exist in Cambodia and Vietnam. ... Binomial name Peter and Feiler, 1994 The Kting Voar, also known as the Khting Vor, Linh Duong, or Snake-eating Cow (Pseudonovibos spiralis) is a bovid mammal reputed to exist in Cambodia and Vietnam. ... Binomial name Pseudoryx nghetinhensis Dung, Giao, Chinh, Tuoc, Arctander, MacKinnon, 1993 The Saola or Vu Quang ox, also, infrequently, Vu Quang bovid (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis), one of the worlds rarest mammals, is a forest-dwelling bovine found only in Vietnam (Vu Quang Nature Reserve) and in Laos, near the Vietnam... Binomial name Syncerus caffer (Sparrman, 1779) Subspecies The African Buffalo or Cape Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) is a bovid from the family of the Bovidae. ... Binomial name (Linnaeus, 1758) Subspecies B. b. ... Binomial name (Linnaeus, 1758) The Wisent or European Bison (Bison bonasus) (IPA: ) is a bison species and the heaviest land animal in Europe. ... Binomial name Bison priscus Bojanus, 1827 The Steppe Wisent (Bison priscus) was a steppe bison found on steppes throughout Europe, Central Asia, Beringia and North America during the Quaternary. ... Species T. spekeii T. angasii T. scriptus T. buxtoni T. imberbis T. strepsiceros T. eurycerus The genus Tragelaphus contains several species of bovine, all of which are reletivly antelope-like. ... GO SOX ALL THE WAY THIS YEAR WOOOTT =]Taurotragus Tragelaphus and others }} Antelope are herbivorous mammals of the family Bovidae, often noted for their horns. ... Binomial name Tragelaphus spekeii Sclater, 1863 The sitatunga or marshbuck (Tragelaphus spekeii) is a swamp-dwelling antelope found throughout Central Africa centering on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in Botswana and in Zambia. ... Binomial name Tragelaphus angasii Gray, 1849 Male nyala. ... Binomial name Tragelaphus scriptus Pallas, 1766 The Bushbuck (Traelaphus scriptus) is an antelope that is found in forest and woodland throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. ... Binomial name Tragelaphus buxtoni Lydekker, 1910 The Mountain Nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni known in Ethiopian as Azagen) is an antelope found in high altitude woodland in a small part of central Ethiopia. ... Binomial name Tragelaphus imberbis (Blyth, 1869) The Lesser Kudu (Tragelaphus imberbis) are forest antelope found in East Africa and (possibly) the southern Arabian Peninsula. ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Binomial name Tragelaphus eurycerus Ogilby, 1837 The Bongo, Tragelaphus eurycerus is a large African forest antelope species. ... Species Taurotragus oryx Taurotragus derbianus Taurotragus is a genus of antelopes, containing two species: the Common Eland, and the Giant Eland. ... Binomial name Taurotragus oryx Pallas, 1766 The Common Eland (Taurotragus oryx) is a savannah and plain antelope found in East and Southern Africa. ... A Giant Eland Binomial name Taurotragus derbianus Gray, 1847 The Giant Eland (Taurotragus derbianus also known as the Derby Eland) is an open forest savannah antelope. ...

Etymology

Bovine is derived form Latin bos, "ox", through Late Latin bovinus.

See also

• Bovid hybrid

// Intraspecific Bos Hybrids In The Variation Of Animals And Plants Under Domestication Charles Darwin wrote Bos primigenius and longifrons have been ranked by nearly all palaeontologists as distinct species; and it would not be reasonable to take a different view simply because their domesticated descendants now intercross with the utmost...

Bibliography

• International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 2003. Opinion 2027 (Case 3010). Usage of 17ΔбГ specific names based on wild species which are pre-dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals (Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia): conserved. Bull.Zool.Nomencl., 60:81-84.

References

External links