Coordinates: 51.0043° N -1.9762° E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

Bowerchalke
Statistics
Population:	378[1]
Location
OS grid reference:	SU017227
Latitude:	51.0043°
Longitude:	-1.9762°
Administration
District:	Swindon
Shire county:	Wiltshire
Region:	South West England
Constituent country:	England
Sovereign state:	United Kingdom
Other
Ceremonial county:	Wiltshire
Historic county:	Wiltshire
Services
Police force:	Wiltshire Police
Fire and rescue:	Wiltshire Fire and Rescue Service
Ambulance:	Great Western
Post office and telephone
Post town:	Salisbury
Postal district:	SP5
Dialling code:	01722
Politics
UK Parliament:	Salisbury
European Parliament:	South West England

Bowerchalke or Bower Chalke is a village and civil parish in the Salisbury district of Wiltshire, England, about 12 miles east of Shaftesbury, approximately 1 mile from both Hampshire and Dorset county boundaries. It is located within the 'Cranborne Chase and West Wiltshire Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty'. It is part of the Southern England Chalk Formation and the River Chalke, a classic chalk stream, rises in the village and joins the River Ebble at Broad Chalke, flowing into the River Avon south of Salisbury. According to the 2001 census, it had a population of 378. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (600x800, 11 KB) Summary Description: A blank map of the United Kingdom, with country outline and coastline; contact the author for help with modifications or add-ons Source: Reference map provided by Demis Mapper 6 Date: 2006-21-06 Author: User... Image File history File links Red_pog. ... The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using latitude or longitude. ... Latitude, usually denoted symbolically by the Greek letter phi, , gives the location of a place on Earth north or south of the equator. ... Longitude, sometimes denoted by the Greek letter λ (lambda),[1][2] describes the location of a place on Earth east or west of a north-south line called the Prime Meridian. ... The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government. ... Swindon is a town in Wiltshire in the South West of England. ... Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government. ... Wiltshire (abbreviated Wilts) is a large southern English county. ... The region, also known as Government Office Region, is currently the highest tier of local government subnational entity of England in the United Kingdom. ... South West England is one of the regions of England. ... Constituent countries is a phrase sometimes used, usually by official institutions, in contexts in which a number of countries make up a larger entity or grouping; thus the OECD has used the phrase in reference to the former Yugoslavia (example here) and European institutions such as the Council of Europe... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London (de facto) Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2006 est. ... This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ... The Ceremonial counties of England are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government with reference to the metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England. ... Wiltshire (abbreviated Wilts) is a large southern English county. ... The historic counties of England are ancient subdivisions of England. ... Wiltshire (abbreviated Wilts) is a large southern English county. ... There are a number of policing agencies in the United Kingdom. ... Wiltshire Constabulary is the Home Office police force responsible for policing Wiltshire and Swindon in south-west England. ... A Fire Appliance belonging to the Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service The fire service in the United Kingdom has undergone dramatic changes since the beginning of the 21st century, a process that has been propelled by a devolution of central government powers, new legislation and a change to operational... The Wiltshire Fire and Rescue Service is the county-wide, statutory emergency fire and rescue service for the ceremonial county of Wiltshire, England. ... Crest of NHS ambulance services in England Crest of the Scottish Ambulance Service In the UK, the majority of ambulance services are provided under the National Health Service through local ambulance trusts. Each trust is specific to a county or area, and so the country is divided across a number... The Great Western Ambulance Service NHS Trust is the authority responsible for providing NHS ambulance services in Bath and North East Somerset, Bristol, Gloucestershire, South Gloucestershire, North Somerset, Swindon, and Wiltshire in the South West England region. ... A post town is a required part of all UK postal addresses. ... Salisbury (IPA: , or — moving from RP to local dialect) is a cathedral city in Wiltshire, England. ... UK postal codes are known as postcodes. ... The UK telephone numbering plan, also known as the National Numbering Plan, is regulated by the Office of Communications (Ofcom), which replaced the Office of Telecommunications (Oftel) in 2003. ... The United Kingdom House of Commons is made up of Members of Parliament (MPs). ... Salisbury is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ... 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... South West England is a constituency of the European Parliament. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_England_(bordered). ... A civil parish (usually just parish) in England is a subnational entity forming the lowest unit of local government, lower than districts or counties. ... Salisbury is a local government district in Wiltshire, England. ... Wiltshire (abbreviated Wilts) is a large southern English county. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London (de facto) Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2006 est. ... For other uses, see Shaftesbury (disambiguation) Shaftesbury is a town in North Dorset, England, situated on the A30 road near the Wiltshire border 20 miles west of Salisbury. ... Hampshire, sometimes historically Southamptonshire or Hamptonshire, (abbr. ... Dorset (pronounced DOR-sit or [dÉ”.sÉ™t], and sometimes in the past called Dorsetshire) is a county in the south-west of England, on the English Channel coast. ... Ashmore pond Cranborne Chase is a Chalk plateau in central southern England, straddling the counties Dorset, Hampshire and Wiltshire. ... An Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) is an area of countryside with significant landscape value in England, Wales or Northern Ireland, that has been specially designated by the Countryside Agency on behalf of the United Kingdom government. ... In this geological map of Great Britain the Chalk is labled 6 The Chalk Formation of Southern England is a system of chalk downland in the south of England. ... The River Bourne at Winterbourne Gunner, a typical chalk stream Chalk stream is a term generally applied to the winterbournes, streams and rivers of the Southern England Chalk Formation in Hampshire, Wiltshire, and Dorset, England although it could well be used for similar watercourses elsewhere. ... The River Ebble is one the five rivers of the English city of Salisbury. ... Broad Chalke is a village and civil parish in the Salisbury district of Wiltshire, England, about 8 miles west of the city of Salisbury. ... The River Avon is a river in the county of Hampshire in the south of England. ... Salisbury (IPA: , or — moving from RP to local dialect) is a cathedral city in Wiltshire, England. ...

The Nobel prize winning novelist William Golding, author of Lord of the Flies, The Inheritors, etc is buried in the village churchyard of the Holy Trinity, having lived the the middle part of his life in a cottage on the banks of the River Chalke. He also named the Gaia hypothesis, that was conceived by co-resident Dr James Lovelock who lived in the village from circa 1960-1980 at both 'Pixies Cottage' Misselfore and at 'Mead End'. Sir William Gerald Golding (September 19, 1911 – 19 June 1993) was a British novelist, poet, and winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature (1983), best known for his work Lord of the Flies. ... Lord of the Flies is an allegorical novel by Nobel Prize-winning author William Golding about a group of young boys who are stranded on a desert island and subsequently attempt to govern themselves, a task at which they fail disastrously. ... Published in 1901 The Inheritors is the first novel Ford Madox Ford and Joseph Conrad collaborated on. ... The Gaia hypothesis, a hypothesis put forward to explain a number of paradoxes about life and the earth was first formulated in the 1960s, by the independent research scientist James Lovelock. ... James Lovelock in front of a statue of Gaia in 2000 Dr James Ephraim Lovelock CH CBE FRS, (born July 26, 1919) is an independent scientist, author, researcher, environmentalist and futurologist who lives in Cornwall, in the south west of Great Britain. ...

International violinist Iona Brown lived in the village at 'Misselfore Cottage' from 1968 until her death in 2004. When she took part in BBC Radio 4 Kaleidoscope, explaining how hard it was to play her signature piece The Lark Ascending by Ralph Vaughan Williams, she said that the lark song during long walks on nearby 'Marleycombe Down' was a central tenet of her performance. Iona Brown (7 January 1941 - 6 June 2004) was a British violinist and conductor. ... BBC Radio 4 is a British domestic radio station which broadcasts a wide variety of chiefly spoken-word programmes including news, drama, comedy, science and history. ... The Lark Ascending is a musical piece written by the famous British composer Ralph Vaughan Williams in 1914. ... Ralph Vaughan Williams Ralph Vaughan Williams, OM (October 12, 1872 – August 26, 1958) was an influential English composer. ...

A hoard of 17 gold staters (coins) used by the Durotriges, a Celtic tribe, was discovered by metal detectorists near Bowerchalke. The Durotriges tribe lived in South Wiltshire and Dorset before the Roman occupation, became Romanised by circa AD 79 and gave their name to Dorset. Examples of the coins are now displayed in the Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum. [1] A second hoard of 2 gold rings and 5 silver coins dated to 389 AD was found in 2002 nearby the original location. [2] Gold stater of the Greco-Bactrian king Eucratides, the largest gold coin ever minted in Antiquity. ... The Durotriges were one of the Celtic tribes living in the British Islands prior to the Roman invasion of Britain. ... The words Celt and Celtic can have a variety of meanings. ... The Durotriges were one of the Celtic tribes living in the British Islands prior to the Roman invasion of Britain. ... Principal sites in Roman Britain Roman Britain refers to those parts of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between 43 and 410. ... Dorset (pronounced DOR-sit or [dɔ.sət], and sometimes in the past called Dorsetshire) is a county in the south-west of England, on the English Channel coast. ...

The Bowerchalke Barrel Urn was excavated in 1925 by Mr R Clay, from the the bowl barrow on 'Marleycombe Down'. The repaired barrel urn is part of the collection at Wiltshire Heritage Museum, Devizes. [3]

William Thick was born in 1845 at 'Misselfore Green' but left the village in 1868 to join the Metropolitan Police at Whitechapel in London (warrant No 49989). In 1889, while investigating the Whitechapel murders, Sergeant Thick was named in letters as as a prospective perpetrator, to wit I have very good grounds to believe that the person who has committed the Whitechapel Murders is a member of the police force. ...Sergeant William Thick... He is no longer a suspect. [4] Metropolitan Police redirects here. ... Whitechapel is a place in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, United Kingdom. ... Jack the Ripper is the pseudonym given to an unidentified serial killer active in the largely impoverished Whitechapel area of London in the second half of 1888. ...

From 1878 until 1924 a unique village newspaper was written, printed, published and sold for a farthing by the Reverend Edward Collett, documenting the social history of the village. The papers were researched and published by Rex Sawyer as The Bowerchalke Parish Papers in 1989 after he had discovered the original printing press in his garden. In 2004 they were republished as Collett's Farthing Newspaper: the Bowerchalke Village Newspaper, 1878-1924 [5] (ISBN 0-946418-22-5)

The village school closed in 1976 and children from Bowerchalke now attend the thriving school in neighbouring Broad Chalke. Construction of a new (and much larger) school at Broad Chalke started in 2006. Broad Chalke is a village and civil parish in the Salisbury district of Wiltshire, England, about 8 miles west of the city of Salisbury. ...

The once renowned village cricket team, thanks in part to the dynasty of 'cricketing Gullivers' (Brian, David, Derek, Richard and Robin), closed circa 1980.

The village pub, The Bell Inn, closed in 1988 and is now a residential dwelling known as 'Bell House'.

The village Post Office and General Stores closed in 2003. The nearest Post Office is now in the neighbouring village of Broad Chalke. Broad Chalke is a village and civil parish in the Salisbury district of Wiltshire, England, about 8 miles west of the city of Salisbury. ...

An article with the somewhat questionable title 'Village of the Damned' written by David McKie was published in The Guardian on 30 June 2005.

The Village Hall is now located across the road from the Church in the old school buildings.

The village was the location for the fire in John Schlesinger's 1967 film of Thomas Hardy's novel Far from the Madding Crowd. at 51°0′30.75″N, 1°59′18.30″W. John Richard Schlesinger (February 16, 1926–July 25, 2003) was a British film director. ... Thomas Hardy Thomas Hardy, OM (2 June 1840 – 11 January 1928) — an English novelist, short story writer, and poet of the naturalist movement — delineated characters struggling against their passions and circumstances. ... Far from the Madding Crowd is a 1967 feature film directed by John Schlesinger, adapted from the book of the same name by Thomas Hardy. ...

Bowerchalke and the Chalke Valley, looking north east from the top of the chalk escarpment.

Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1115x555, 134 KB) Photo taken by uploader in 1980 - No rights reserved - I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1115x555, 134 KB) Photo taken by uploader in 1980 - No rights reserved - I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...

Geology

The rocks of Bowerchalke that can be seen today were deposited underwater between 120 and 70 million years ago (mya) until they were then uplifted from the sea and have been sculpted by periglacial weathering and erosion over the last 1 million years. Periglacial refers to places in the edges of glacial areas, normally those related to past ice ages rather than those in the modern era. ...

The unseen underlying rocks of Bowerchalke started to form in shallow seas surrounding volcanic islands up to 2500 million years ago (Proterozoic), circa 60-70 degrees south of the equator, the latitude of present day Argentina. 'Proto-Bowerchalke' and the rest of England and Wales are part of Avalonia, a micro-continent that broke away from the southern landmass, and was 50 degrees south of the equator circa 500 mya. It joined with Baltica just south of the equator 400 mya, and was crushed between Baltica, and Laurasia (North America), and Gondwanaland (Africa, Australia, Antartica and South America) 350 mya whilst near the equator (Variscan orogeny). Avalonia was landlocked and buffeted within Pangea just north of the equator 270 mya, and became part of a desert in the northern tropics 230 mya. Eventually it formed the west coast of Eurasia as America split away to form the Atlantic Ocean 120 mya. Bowerchalke then laid under chalk forming seas until being uplifted 70 mya (Alpine Orogeny), and in the cool shallow waters river clay sediments capped the chalk. In the last million years the periglacial weathering has completely removed several hundred feet of chalk. In geology, the Proterozoic is an eon before the first abundant complex life on Earth. ... Avalonia was a paleomicrocontinent also known as a Terrane. ... In astronomy, geology, and paleontology, mya is an acronym for million years ago and is used as a unit of time to denote length of time before the present. ... Baltica (green) Baltica is a Late Proterozoic-Early Palaeozoic continent that now includes the East European craton of northwestern Eurasia. ... Laurasia was a supercontinent that most recently existed as a part of the split of the Pangaean supercontinent in the late Mesozoic era. ... This article is about the ancient supercontinent of Gondwana. ... The Variscan or Hercynian orogeny is a geologic mountain-building event recorded in the European mountains and hills called the Variscan Belt. ... Pangea may refer to: a common alternative spelling of the name Pangaea given to the supercontinent that is believed to have existed during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras Pangea, a geology equipment supplier/developer of mineralogical testing equipment Pangea (cable system), a submarine telecommunications cable system connecting the Netherlands and... Eurasia African-Eurasian aspect of Earth Eurasia is a landmass covering about 54,000,000 km² compared with the Americas (approximately 42,000,000 km²), Africa (approximately 30,000,000 km²), Antarctica (approximately 13,000,000 km²) and Oceania (9,000,000 km²). Eurasia is composed of the traditional continents... The Alps arose as a result of the pressure exerted on sediments of the Tethys Ocean basin as its Mesozoic and early Cenozoic strata were pushed against the stable Eurasian landmass by the northward-moving African landmass. ...

The main portion of the village is formed on the unique 'Bowerchalke greensand inlier' (an area of older rock completely surrounded by younger layers), highlighted in green on the adjacent map. It is not immediately obvious to the naked eye or on the standard Ordnance Survey maps with 10 metre contours [6] but the apex is strikingly characterised, albeit slightly too small, by the 'island' drawn on the Andrews 1773 map [7]. Its presence can be detected in the friable sandy soils in the centre of the village. Part of an Ordnance Survey map at 1 inch to the mile scale from 1945 Ordnance Survey (OS) is an executive agency of the United Kingdom government. ...

Geological overview of Bowerchalke

The Greensand inlier is a slightly dome shaped area of hard, coarse, olive-green coloured sandstone rock which has had its covering of softer chalk eroded away by 60 million years of weathering since the region was lifted out of the sea. The Cretaceous Upper Greensand is circa 120 million years old and was deposited in brackish, oxygen depleted, water when Bowerchalke was located at around 35 degrees north of the equator, roughly equivalent to southern Spain and Portugal. At that time it was still part of the supercontinent Pangea which was just starting to split and form the Atlantic ocean. The nearest continuous Upper Greensand exposure is along the A30 in the Nadder valley at Fovant. The closest 'unique greensand inlier' is near Andover in Hampshire. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1888x1836, 745 KB) Drawn and released for public domain use on wikipedia. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1888x1836, 745 KB) Drawn and released for public domain use on wikipedia. ... Greensand is an olive-green coloured sandstone rock which found in narrow bands, particularly associated with bands of chalk and clay in northern and western Europe. ... The Cretaceous Period is one of the major divisions of the geologic timescale, reaching from the end of the Jurassic Period (i. ... The Gault Clay is a formation of stiff blue clay deposited in a calm, fairly deep water marine environment during the Lower Cretaceous Period (Upper and Middle Albian). ... Pangea may refer to: a common alternative spelling of the name Pangaea given to the supercontinent that is believed to have existed during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras Pangea, a geology equipment supplier/developer of mineralogical testing equipment Pangea (cable system), a submarine telecommunications cable system connecting the Netherlands and... The River Nadder is one of the famous chalk stream rivers of southern England, much sought after by fly fishermen because of its clear waters and abundance of brown trout. ... Fovant is a medium-sized village in southwest Wiltshire, England. ...

Surrounding the greensand is a ring of younger Lower Cretaceous Chalk which is circa 100 million years old (darker blue on the adjacent map). The chalk was formed in warm, shallow, well oxygenated waters from the remains of micro-organisms (coccolithophores), over millions of years. At this time the Atlantic Ocean was circa 100 miles wide and Ireland, Scotland, Wales and Somerset were a single island with rivers draining their nutrients into the warm sea that covered Wiltshire, Hampshire, the east of England, Northern France, Denmark and northern Germany. The Cretaceous period is one of the major divisions of the geologic timescale, reaching from the end of the Jurassic period (about 135 mya) to the beginning of the Paleocene epoch of the Tertiary period (65 mya). ... The Needles, part of the extensive Southern England Chalk Formation. ...

Surrounding the lower chalk is a ringlike region of still younger Middle Cretaceous chalk (circa 80 my)(light blue on the adjacent map). The whole area is bounded by the 'vast expanse' of Upper Cretacious chalk (shown white on the adjacent map) that continued to form when Bowerchalke was circa 45 degrees north, roughly equivalent to Bordeaux or the Dordogne in France. It was still under a shallow sea but Somerset, Ireland and Scotland had become separate islands. Bowerchalke was probably 15-30 miles offshore from the 'coast' between Shaftesbury and Dorchester. The Cretaceous Period is one of the major divisions of the geologic timescale, reaching from the end of the Jurassic Period (i. ... Somerset is a county in the south-west of England. ... Motto: (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity1 Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official language(s) English, Gaelic, Scots2 Government  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - UK Prime Minister Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification    - by Kenneth I 843  Area    - Total 78,772 km... For other uses, see Shaftesbury (disambiguation) Shaftesbury is a town in North Dorset, England, situated on the A30 road near the Wiltshire border 20 miles west of Salisbury. ... OS Grid Reference: SY690906 Lat/Lon: Population: 16,171 (2001 Census) Dwellings: 7,386 (2001 Census) Formal status: County town Administration County: Dorset Region: South West Nation: England Post Office and Telephone Post town: Dorchester Postcode: DT1 Dialling Code: 01305 Dorchester Dorchester is a market town in southern central Dorset...

Above the exposed Cretaceous chalk slopes of Marleycombe the hilltops are covered with a very young layer of Pleistocene 'Clay with Flint' that is circa 1-10 million years old and formed by alluvial sediments in cold shallow waters (pink on the adjacent map). The flints were formed in multiple layers as the clay sediment built up, and were then concentrated into a single dense layer as the last million years of sub glacial weathering washed the minute clay particles away. The Pleistocene epoch (IPA: ) is part of the geologic timescale. ... The Gay Head cliffs in Marthas Vineyard are made almost entirely of clay. ... A flint nodule from the Onondaga limestone layer, Buffalo, New York. ... Alluvial Fan in Death Valley An alluvial fan is a fan-shaped deposit formed where a fast flowing stream flattens, slows, and spreads typically at the exit of a canyon onto a flatter plain. ... A flint nodule from the Onondaga limestone layer, Buffalo, New York. ...

The steepness of the north facing Marleycombe Down contrasts with the gentle rolling slopes towards Ebbesbourne Wake. This is mainly due to erosion during the sustained permafrost and tundra like conditions in the periglacial zones of multiple ice ages. Although the southern limit of the main glaciation is a line across North Wiltshire that corresponds to the M4 corridor, the sun never melted the north facing snow pockets on Marlecombe Down, thus they eroded the soft chalks and clays by eating back into them, leaving the very steep scarp faces. The sporadic melting of snow and ice was forced to drain north east along the course of the River Chalke and River Ebble in occasional summers, plus scouring the now dry channel that forms Church Street and Costers Lane. The southern boundary between the greensand and chalk, is concealed beneath a layer of heavy clay that has accumulated at the bottom Marleycombe Down due to the periglacial solifluction. This scouring has also located the natural spring that supplies the River Chalke. The rainfall from the surrounding watershed, having been filtered and channeled through the porous chalk, rises at the natural spring at 'Mead End' where the water table sits on the underlying impervious greensand layer. Ebbesbourne Wake is a civil parish in the Salisbury district of Wiltshire, England, about twelve miles (19 km) south-west of Salisbury, at grid reference ST992242. ... In geology, permafrost or permafrost soil is a thermal condition where ground material stays at or below 0°C for two or more years. ... In physical geography, tundra is an area where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. ... Periglacial refers to places in the edges of glacial areas, normally those related to past ice ages rather than those in the modern era. ... The River Ebble is one the five rivers of the English city of Salisbury. ... Periglacial refers to places in the edges of glacial areas, normally those related to past ice ages rather than those in the modern era. ... Solifluction, also known as soil fluction, is a type of mass wasting where waterlogged sediment slowly moves downslope over impermeable material. ...

References

1. ^ Census data

External Links

• Images of Bowerchalke at Geograph.com
• The Durotriges at Romans in Britain
• Sergeant William Thick and the Whitechapel Murders
• Cranborne Chase - Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty
• Cranborne Chase AoONB - Geology map showing Bowerchalke inlier
• Salisbury Diocesan Guild of Bell Ringers maintain a page with details of the Parish church.
• Wiltshire County Council Libraries and Heritage copy of Andrews' and Dury's map - 1773
• Wiltshire County Council Libraries and Heritage copy of Andrews' and Dury's map - 1810