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Brain mapping is a set of neuroscience techniques predicated on the mapping of (biological) quantities or properties onto spatial representations of the (human or non-human) brain resulting in maps. All neuroimaging can be considered part of brain mapping. Brain mapping can be conceived as a higher form of neuroimaging, producing brain images supplemented by the result of additional (imaging or non-imaging) data processing or analysis, such as maps projecting (measures of) behaviour onto brain regions (see fMRI). Brain Mapping techniques are constantly evolving, and rely on the development and refinement of image acquisition, representation, analysis, visualization and interpretation techniques. Functional and structural neuroimaging are at the core of the mapping aspect of Brain Mapping. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Neuroimaging includes the use of various techniques to either directly or indirectly image the structure, function, or pharmacology of the brain. ... The word mapping has several senses: In mathematics and related technical fields, it is some kind of function: see map (mathematics). ... A map is a simplified depiction of a space which highlights relations between components (objects, regions) of that space. ... Neuroimaging includes the use of various techniques to either directly or indirectly image the structure, function, or pharmacology of the brain. ... Neuroimaging includes the use of various techniques to either directly or indirectly image the structure, function, or pharmacology of the brain. ... Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (or fMRI) describes the use of MRI to measure hemodynamic signals related to neural activity in the brain or spinal cord of humans or other animals. ... Visualization can refer to: Graphic Visualization as in any technique for creating images, diagrams, or animations to communicate any message. ... Neuroimaging includes the use of various techniques to either directly or indirectly image the structure, function, or pharmacology of the brain. ... The word mapping has several senses: In mathematics and related technical fields, it is some kind of function: see map (mathematics). ...

History

In the late 1980s in the United States, the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Science was commissioned to establish a panel to investigate the value of integrating neuroscientific information across a variety of techniques ^[1]. Of specific interest is using structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), EEG, positron emission tomography (PET) and other non-invasive scanning techniques to map anatomy, physiology, perfusion, function and phenotypes of the human brain. Both healthy and diseased brains may be mapped to study memory, learning, aging, and drug effects in various populations such as schizophrenics, autistics, and clinically depressed people. This led to the establishment of the Human Brain Project ^[2]. Following a series of meetings, the International Consortium for Brain Mapping (ICBM) evolved ^[3]. The ultimate goal is to develop flexible computational brain atlases. The mri are a fictional alien species in the Faded Sun Trilogy of C.J. Cherryh. ... EEG can mean: Electroencephalography - the method and science of recording and interpreting traces of brain electrical activity as recorded from the skull surface or the device used to record such traces Emperor Entertainment Group - A Hong Kong entertainment company. ... Image of a typical positron emission tomography (PET) facility Positron emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear medicine medical imaging technique which produces a three dimensional image or map of functional processes in the body. ... Anatomical drawing of the human muscles from the Encyclopédie. ... Physiology (in Greek physis = nature and logos = word) is the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms. ... Perfusion is a physiological term that refers to the process of nutritive delivery of arterial blood to a capillary bed in the biological tissue. ... Individuals in the mollusk species Donax variabilis show diverse coloration and patterning in their phenotypes. ... A disease or medical condition is an abnormality of the body or mind that causes discomfort, dysfunction, distress, or death to the person afflicted or those in contact with the person. ... In psychology, memory is the ability of an organism to store, retain, and subsequently recall information. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Ageing or aging is the process of getting older. ... Oral medication Caffeine is the most widely used psychoactive substance in the world. ... Schizophrenia is a psychiatric diagnosis that describes a mental disorder characterized by impairments in the perception or expression of reality and by significant social or occupational dysfunction. ... Autism is classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests in delays of social interaction, language as used in social communication, or symbolic or imaginative play, with onset prior to age 3 years, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. ... Clinical depression (also called severe depressive disorder, major depressive disorder) is a state of intense sadness, melancholia or despair that has advanced to the point of being disruptive to an individuals social functioning and/or activities of daily living. ...

Current Atlas Tools

Talairach Atlas, 1988

Harvard Whole Brain Atlas, 1995 ^[4]

MNI Template, 1998 (the standard template of SPM and International Consortium for Brain Mapping)

See also

• BrainMapping.ORG project
• NIH/NCBC
• Human Brain Mapping

National Centers for Biomedical Computing (NCBC)

• Center for Computational Biology
• National Center for Multi-Scale Study of Cellular Networks
• National Center for Biomedical Ontology
• Physics-based Simulation of Biological Structures
• National Alliance for Medical Imaging Computing
• Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside
• National Center for Integrative Biomedical Informatics

The National Centers for Biomedical Computing (NCBCs) develop and implement the core of a universal computing infrastructure that is urgently needed to speed progress in biomedical research. ... Computational Brain Atlas The Center for Computational Biology (CCB) is an NIH-funded center part of the National Centers for Biomedical Computing (NCBC). ...

References