Johann Sebastian Bach, c. 1733

The Brandenburg concertos by Johann Sebastian Bach (BWV 1046–1051, original title: Six Concerts Avec plusieurs Instruments^[1]) are a collection of six instrumental works presented by Bach to Christian Ludwig, margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt^[2], in 1721 (though probably composed earlier). They are widely regarded as among the finest musical compositions of the Baroque era. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (728x823, 433 KB) Playbill. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (728x823, 433 KB) Playbill. ... Bach in a 1748 portrait by Haussmann Johann Sebastian Bach (pronounced ) (21 March 1685 O.S. – 28 July 1750 N.S.) was a prolific German composer and organist whose sacred and secular works for choir, orchestra and solo instruments drew together the strands of the Baroque period and brought it... BWV, or Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis (Bach Works Catalogue) is the numbering system used to identify musical works by Johann Sebastian Bach. ... 1710 painting of Christian Ludwig by Antoine Pesne Christian Ludwig (14 March 1677 – 3 September 1734) was a margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt and a military officer of Brandenburg-Prussias Hohenzollern dynasty. ... Margrave (Latin: marchio) is the English and French form (recorded since 1551) of the German title Markgraf (from Mark march and Graf count) and certain equivalent nobiliary (princely) titles in other languages. ...   (Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of Germanys sixteen Bundesländer (federal states). ... Schwedt (or Schwedt/Oder) is a city in Brandenburg, Germany. ... // Events Pope Innocent XIII becomes pope Johann Sebastian Bach composes the Brandenburg Concertos April 4 - Robert Walpole becomes the first prime minister of Britain September 10 - Treaty of Nystad is signed, bringing an end to the Great Northern War November 2 - Peter I is proclaimed Emperor of All the Russias... Baroque music describes an era and a set of styles of European classical music which were in widespread use between approximately 1600 and 1750 (see Dates of classical music eras for a discussion of the problems inherent in defining the beginning and end points). ...

History

Though it is possible to ascertain a latest date of composition for the Brandenburg Concertos because of the inscription of 21 March 1721 on the dedication manuscript to the Margrave, most likely they had been written over a number of years during Bach's tenure as Kapellmeister at Anhalt-Köthen and possibly even extending back to the period of his employment at Weimar (1708-17). is the 80th day of the year (81st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events Pope Innocent XIII becomes pope Johann Sebastian Bach composes the Brandenburg Concertos April 4 - Robert Walpole becomes the first prime minister of Britain September 10 - Treaty of Nystad is signed, bringing an end to the Great Northern War November 2 - Peter I is proclaimed Emperor of All the Russias... A Kapellmeister is nowadays the director or conductor of an orchestra or choir. ... city hall â–¶ (help· info) is a small town in central Germany, about 30 km north of Halle. ... For other uses, see Weimar (disambiguation). ...

Christian Ludwig of Brandenburg-Schwedt (1710, Antoine Pesne)

The dedication page Bach wrote for the collection indicates they are Concerts avec plusieurs instruments (Concertos with several instruments). Bach used the "widest spectrum of orchestral instruments... in daring combinations," as Christoph Wolff has commented.^[3] "Every one of the six concertos set a precedent in scoring, and every one was to remain without parallel." Heinrich Besseler has noted that the overall forces required (leaving aside the first concerto, which was rewritten for a special occasion) tallies exactly with the players Bach had at his disposal in Köthen^[4]. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Antoine Pesne [] (May 29, 1683-July 5, 1757) was the court painter of Prussia. ... Christoph Wolff (born May 24, 1940) is a German-born musicologist, presently on the faculty of Harvard University. ...

Here is the first sentence of his dedication to Margrave Christian Ludwig of Brandenburg-Schwedt, its tone typical of dedications of the period: 1710 painting of Christian Ludwig by Antoine Pesne Christian Ludwig (14 March 1677 – 3 September 1734) was a margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt and a military officer of Brandenburg-Prussias Hohenzollern dynasty. ...

As I had the good fortune a few years ago to be heard by Your Royal Highness, at Your Highness's commands, and as I noticed then that Your Highness took some pleasure in the little talents which Heaven has given me for Music, and as in taking Leave of Your Royal Highness, Your Highness deigned to honour me with the command to send Your Highness some pieces of my Composition: I have in accordance with Your Highness's most gracious orders taken the liberty of rendering my most humble duty to Your Royal Highness with the present Concertos, which I have adapted to several instruments; begging Your Highness most humbly not to judge their imperfection with the rigor of that discriminating and sensitive taste, which everyone knows Him to have for musical works, but rather to take into benign Consideration the profound respect and the most humble obedience which I thus attempt to show Him.

Because King Frederick William I of Prussia was not a significant patron of the arts, Christian Ludwig seems to have lacked the musicians in his Berlin ensemble to perform the concertos. The full score was left unused in the Margrave's library until his death in 1734, when it was sold for 24 groschen. The concertos were discovered in the archives of Brandenburg in the 19th century.^[5] Frederick William I (German: Friedrich Wilhelm I) (August 14, 1688 – May 31, 1740) of the House of Hohenzollern, was the King in Prussia from 1713 until his death. ... Anthem Preußenlied, Heil dir im Siegerkranz (both unofficial) The Kingdom of Prussia at its greatest extent, at the time of the formation of the German Empire, 1871 Capital Berlin Government Monarchy King  - 1701 — 1713 Frederick I (first)  - 1888 — 1918 William II (last) Prime minister  - 1848 Adolf Heinrich von Arnim... This article is about the capital of Germany. ... Groschen (Latin: , German: , Italian: , Czech: , Polish: , Hungarian: , Romanian: ) was the (sometimes colloquial) name for a coin used in various German-speaking states as well as some non-German-speaking countries of Central Europe (Bohemia, Poland), The Romanian Principalities. ...   (Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of Germanys sixteen Bundesländer (federal states). ...

In the modern era these works have been performed by orchestras with the string parts each played by a number of players, under the batons of, for example, Karl Richter and Herbert von Karajan. They have also been performed as chamber music, sometimes with one instrument to each part, especially by (but not limited to) groups using baroque instruments and historically-informed techniques and practice. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Karl Richter (October 15, 1926 – February 15, 1981) was a German conductor, organist, and harpsichordist. ... Herbert von Karajan (April 5, 1908 – July 16, 1989) was an Austrian conductor. ... Chamber music is a form of classical music, written for a small group of instruments which traditionally could be accommodated in a palace chamber. ...

The individual concertos

Brandenburg Concerto No.1 in F major, BWV 1046

Title on autograph score: Concerto 1^mo à 2 Corni di Caccia, 3 Hautb: è Bassono, Violino Piccolo concertato, 2 Violini, una Viola è Violoncello, col Basso Continuo.^[1]

1. Allegro
2. Adagio
3. Allegro
4. Menuet - Trio I - Menuet da capo - Polacca - Menuet da capo - Trio II - Menuet da capo

Instrumentation: two corni da caccia, three oboes, bassoon, violino piccolo, and two violins, viola, cello, and basso continuo. The horn (popularly known also as the French horn) is a brass instrument decended from the natural horn that consists of tubing wrapped into a coiled form. ... The oboe is a double reed musical instrument of the woodwind family. ... The bassoon is a woodwind instrument in the double reed family that typically plays music written in the bass and tenor registers and occasionally even higher. ... The violino piccolo is a stringed instrument of the baroque period. ... The violin is a bowed string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. ... The viola (French, alto; German Bratsche) is a bowed string instrument. ... The violoncello, usually abbreviated to cello, or cello (the c is pronounced as in the ch of check), is a bowed stringed instrument, a member of the violin family. ... Figured bass, or thoroughbass, is a kind of integer musical notation used to indicate intervallic content (the intervals which make up a sonority), later chords, in relation to a bass note. ...

This concerto is the only one in the collection with four movements. An earlier version (Sinfonia, BWV 1046a) which does not use the violino piccolo was used for the opening of cantata BWV 208. This version lacks the third movement entirely, and the Polacca from the final movement, leaving Menuet - Trio I - Menuet - Trio II - Menuet. The first movement can also be found as the sinfonia of the cantata BWV 52, Falsche Welt, dir trau ich nicht. The third movement was used as the opening chorus of cantata BWV 207. In music, a movement is a large division of a larger composition or musical form. ... A cantata (Italian, sung) is a vocal composition with an instrumental accompaniment and generally containing more than one movement. ...

Brandenburg Concerto No.2 in F major, BWV 1047

Title on autograph score: Concerto 2^do à 1 Tromba, 1 Fiauto, 1 Hautbois, 1 Violino concertati, è 2 Violini, 1 Viola è Violone in Ripieno col Violoncello è Basso per il Cembalo.^[1]

1. Allegro
2. Andante
3. Allegro assai

Concertino: trumpet in F, recorder, oboe, violin A concertino is the smaller group of instruments in a concerto grosso. ... Natural Trumpet refers to the valveless brass instrument that is able to play the tones of the harmonic series. ... Various recorders The recorder is a woodwind musical instrument of the family known as fipple flutes or internal duct flutes — whistle-like instruments which include the tin whistle and ocarina. ... The oboe is a double reed musical instrument of the woodwind family. ... The violin is a bowed string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. ...

Ripieno: two violins, viola, violone, and basso continuo (including harpsichord). Ripieno (Italian for stuffing) or tutti (Italian for everybody) is the larger of the two ensembles in the concerto grosso. ... The violin is a bowed string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. ... The viola (French, alto; German Bratsche) is a bowed string instrument. ... The violone (literally large viol in Italian, -one being the suffix for large) is a musical instrument of the viol family. ... Figured bass, or thoroughbass, is a kind of integer musical notation used to indicate intervallic content (the intervals which make up a sonority), later chords, in relation to a bass note. ... Harpsichord in the Flemish style A harpsichord is any of a family of European keyboard instruments, including the large instrument currently called a harpsichord, but also the smaller virginals, the muselar virginals and the spinet. ...

This piece was almost certainly written with the court trumpeter in Cöthen, Johann Ludwig Schreiber, in mind.^[6] The trumpet part is still considered one of the most difficult in the entire repertoire, played on either the natural or the modern valved trumpet. city hall â–¶ (help· info) is a small town in central Germany, about 30 km north of Halle. ... The trumpet is the highest brass instrument in register, above the French horn, trombone, baritone, euphonium, and tuba. ...

The trumpet does not play in the second movement, a common practice in baroque era concertos, presumably to allow the player to recover. Natural Trumpet refers to the valveless brass instrument that is able to play the tones of the harmonic series. ... Baroque music describes an era and a set of styles of European classical music which were in widespread use between approximately 1600 and 1750 (see Dates of classical music eras for a discussion of the problems inherent in defining the beginning and end points). ...

This piece was also chosen to be the first on the list of songs to be played on the "golden record", a phonograph record containing a broad sample of planet Earth's common sounds, languages, and music. The record was sent into outer space with the Voyager probe launched September 5, 1977 in hopes that some intelligent extraterrestrial species might find and decode its contents. The Voyager Golden Record. ...

Brandenburg Concerto No.3 in G major, BWV 1048

Title on autograph score: Concerto 3^zo a tre Violini, tre Viole, è tre Violoncelli col Basso per il Cembalo.^[1]

1. Allegro
2. Adagio
3. Allegro

Instrumentation: three violins, three violas, three cellos, and basso continuo (including harpsichord). The violin is a bowed string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. ... The viola (French, alto; German Bratsche) is a bowed string instrument. ... The violoncello, usually abbreviated to cello, or cello (the c is pronounced as in the ch of check), is a bowed stringed instrument, a member of the violin family. ... Figured bass, or thoroughbass, is a kind of integer musical notation used to indicate intervallic content (the intervals which make up a sonority), later chords, in relation to a bass note. ... Harpsichord in the Flemish style A harpsichord is any of a family of European keyboard instruments, including the large instrument currently called a harpsichord, but also the smaller virginals, the muselar virginals and the spinet. ...

The second movement consists of a single measure with the two chords that make up a Phrygian mode cadence and—although there is no direct evidence to support it—it was likely that these chords are meant to surround or follow a cadenza improvised by a harpsichord or violin player. Due to historical confusion, Phrygian mode can refer to two very different musical modes or diatonic scales. ... In Western musical theory a cadence (Latin cadentia, a falling) is a particular series of intervals or chords that ends a phrase, section, or piece of music. ... In music, a cadenza (Italian for cadence) is, generically, an improvised or written-out ornamental passage played or sung by a soloist or soloists, usually in a free rhythmic style, and often allowing for virtuosic display. ...

Occasionally, the third movement from Bach's "Sonata for Violin and Continuo in G , BWV. 1021" (marked Largo) is substituted for the second movement as it contains an identical Phrygian mode cadence as the closing chords. The Adagio from the Violin Sonata in G, BWV 1019a, has also been used. In music, a movement is a large division of a larger composition or musical form. ...

The outer movements use the ritornello form found in many instrumental and vocal works of the time. The first movement can also be found in reworked form as the sinfonia of the cantata BWV 174, "Ich liebe den Höchsten von ganzem Gemüte", with the addition of three oboes and two horns. In Baroque music, ritornello was the word for a recurring passage for orchestra in the first or final movement of a solo concerto or aria (also in works for chorus). ...

Brandenburg Concerto No.4 in G major, BWV 1049

Title on autograph score: Concerto 4^ta à Violino Principale, due Fiauti d'Echo, due Violini, una Viola è Violone in Ripieno, Violoncello è Continuo.^[1]

1. Allegro
2. Andante
3. Presto

Concertino: violin, two recorders The violin is a bowed string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. ... Various recorders The recorder is a woodwind musical instrument of the family known as fipple flutes or internal duct flutes — whistle-like instruments which include the tin whistle and ocarina. ...

Ripieno: two violins, viola, cello, violone and basso continuo The violin is a bowed string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. ... The viola (French, alto; German Bratsche) is a bowed string instrument. ... The violoncello, usually abbreviated to cello, or cello (the c is pronounced as in the ch of check), is a bowed stringed instrument, a member of the violin family. ... The violone (literally large viol in Italian, -one being the suffix for large) is a musical instrument of the viol family. ... Figured bass, or thoroughbass, is a kind of integer musical notation used to indicate intervallic content (the intervals which make up a sonority), later chords, in relation to a bass note. ...

The violin part in this concerto is extremely virtuosic in the first and third movements. In the second movement, the violin provides a bass when the concertino group plays unaccompanied.

Bach adapted the 4th Brandenburg concerto as the last of his set of 6 harpsichord concertos, the concerto for harpsichord, two recorders and strings in F major, BWV 1057. As well as taking on most of the solo violin's role, the harpsichord also takes over some of the recorders' parts in the andante, plays a basso continuo role at times and occasionally adds a fourth contrapuntal part to an originally three-part texture (something which Bach occasionally did while improvising). The harpsichord concerto is thus more than a mere transcription. The harpsichord concertos, BWV 1052-1065, are concertos for harpsichord, string orchestra and continuo by Johann Sebastian Bach. ... In music, transcription is the act of notating a piece or a sound which was previously unnotated. ...

Image File history File links Brandenburg_No4-1_BWV1049. ... Software development stages In computer programming, development stage terminology expresses how the development of a piece of software has progressed and how much further development it may require. ...

Brandenburg Concerto No.5 in D major, BWV 1050

Title on autograph score: Concerto 5^to d une Traversiere, une Violino principale, une Violino è una Viola in ripieno, Violoncello, Violone è Cembalo concertato.^[1]

1. Allegro
2. Affetuoso
3. Allegro

Concertino: harpsichord, violin, flute Harpsichord in the Flemish style A harpsichord is any of a family of European keyboard instruments, including the large instrument currently called a harpsichord, but also the smaller virginals, the muselar virginals and the spinet. ... The violin is a bowed string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. ... â™  This article is about the family of musical instruments. ...

Ripieno: violin, viola, cello, violone, (harpsichord). The violin is a bowed string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. ... The viola (French, alto; German Bratsche) is a bowed string instrument. ... The violoncello, usually abbreviated to cello, or cello (the c is pronounced as in the ch of check), is a bowed stringed instrument, a member of the violin family. ... The violone (literally large viol in Italian, -one being the suffix for large) is a musical instrument of the viol family. ... Harpsichord in the Flemish style A harpsichord is any of a family of European keyboard instruments, including the large instrument currently called a harpsichord, but also the smaller virginals, the muselar virginals and the spinet. ...

The harpsichord is both a concertino and a ripieno instrument: in the concertino passages the part is obbligato; in the ripieno passages it has a figured bass part and plays continuo. This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

This concerto makes use of a popular chamber music ensemble of the time (flute, violin, and harpsichord), which Bach used on their own for the middle movement. It is believed that it was written in 1719, to show off a new harpsichord by Michael Mietke which Bach had brought back from Berlin for the Cöthen court. It is also thought that Bach wrote it for a competition at Dresden with the French composer and organist Louis Marchand; in the central movement, Bach uses one of Marchand's themes. Marchand fled before the competition could take place, apparently scared off in the face of Bach's great reputation of virtuosity and improvisation. â™  This article is about the family of musical instruments. ... The violin is a bowed string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. ... Harpsichord in the Flemish style A harpsichord is any of a family of European keyboard instruments, including the large instrument currently called a harpsichord, but also the smaller virginals, the muselar virginals and the spinet. ... Michael Mietke (c. ... This article is about the capital of Germany. ... Louis Marchand (Lyons, February 2, 1669- Paris, February 17, 1732), Virtuoso organist and harpsichordist. ... Improvisation is the practice of acting and reacting, of making and creating, in the moment and in response to the stimulus of ones immediate environment. ...

The concerto is well suited throughout to showing off the qualities of a fine harpsichord and the virtuosity of its player, but especially in the lengthy solo 'cadenza' to the first movement. It seems almost certain that Bach, considered a great organ and harpsichord virtuoso, was the harpsichord soloist at the premiere. Scholars have seen in this work the origins of the solo keyboard concerto; indeed it is said to be the first-ever example. In music, a cadenza (Italian for cadence) is, generically, an improvised or written-out ornamental passage played or sung by a soloist or soloists, usually in a free rhythmic style, and often allowing for virtuosic display. ...

An earlier version, BWV 1050a, has innumerable small differences from its later cousin, but only two main ones: there is no part for cello, and there is a shorter and less elaborate harpsichord cadenza in the first movement. (The cello part in BWV 1050, when it differs from the violone part, doubles the left hand of the harpsichord.)

Brandenburg Concerto No.6 in B flat major, BWV 1051

Title on autograph score: Concerto 6^to à due Viole da Braccio, due Viole da Gamba, Violoncello, Violone e Cembalo.^[1]

1. Allegro
2. Adagio ma non troppo
3. Allegro

Instrumentation: two violas da braccio, two violas da gamba, cello, and harpsichord The Violin family of instruments was developed in Italy in the 17th Century. ... Various Viola da gamba The viol or viola da gamba family of musical instruments is related to the vihuela, rebec, etc. ... The violoncello, usually abbreviated to cello, or cello (the c is pronounced as in the ch of check), is a bowed stringed instrument, a member of the violin family. ... Harpsichord in the Flemish style A harpsichord is any of a family of European keyboard instruments, including the large instrument currently called a harpsichord, but also the smaller virginals, the muselar virginals and the spinet. ...

The absence of violins is unusual. Viola da braccio means the normal viola, and is used here to distinguish it from the "viola da gamba". When the work was written in 1721, the viola da gamba was already an old-fashioned instrument: the strong supposition that one viola da gamba part was taken by his employer, Prince Leopold also points to a likely reason for the concerto's composition—Leopold wished to join his Kapellmeister playing music. The Violin family of instruments was developed in Italy in the 17th Century. ... The viola (French, alto; German Bratsche) is a bowed string instrument. ... Various Viola da gamba The viol or viola da gamba family of musical instruments is related to the vihuela, rebec, etc. ... // Events Pope Innocent XIII becomes pope Johann Sebastian Bach composes the Brandenburg Concertos April 4 - Robert Walpole becomes the first prime minister of Britain September 10 - Treaty of Nystad is signed, bringing an end to the Great Northern War November 2 - Peter I is proclaimed Emperor of All the Russias...

The two violas start the first movement with a vigorous subject in close canon, and as the movement progresses, the other instruments are gradually drawn into the seemingly uninterrupted steady flow of melodic invention which shows the composer's mastery of polyphony. The two violas da gamba are silent in the second movement, leaving the texture of a trio sonata for two violas and continuo, although the cello has a decorated version of the continuo bass line. In the last movement, the spirit of the gigue underlies everything, as it did in the finale of the fifth concerto. Look up canon in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Polyphony is a musical texture consisting of two or more independent melodic voices, as opposed to music with just one voice (monophony) or music with one dominant melodic voice accompanied by chords (homophony). ... Sonata (From Latin and Italian sonare, to sound), in music, literally means a piece played as opposed to cantata (Latin and Italian cantare, to sing), a piece sung. ... The gigue or giga is a lively baroque dance in a compound metre such as 3/8, 6/8, 6/4, 9/8 or 12/16. ...

Popular culture

As with other familiar works of classical music, the Brandenburg concertos have repeatedly been mined for use in film scores and as theme music for television programs. Classical music is a broad, somewhat imprecise term, referring to music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of, European art, ecclesiastical and concert music, encompassing a broad period from roughly 1000 to the present day. ... A film score is a set of musical compositions written to accompany a film. ...

The first movement of the second concerto is the first selection of music placed upon the Voyager Golden Record on the Voyager spacecraft.^[7]. The third movement of the same concerto was also the theme for William F. Buckley's television talk show, Firing Line. The third concerto was used as the original theme of the BBC programme Antiques Roadshow. The first movement of the fifth concerto appeared in the soundtrack of the 1995 film The American President.^[8] The beginning of the third movement of the sixth concerto is the theme jingle for American Public Media. In 1968, progressive rock group The Nice adapted the third concerto into a piece of music entitled Brandenburger. Keith Emerson also used the sixth concerto for an instrumental solo in The Nice's adaptation of Bob Dylan's Country Pie. The Voyager Golden Record. ... William F. Buckley may refer to: William Francis Buckley, U.S. Army officer and CIA operative William F. Buckley, Jr. ... Firing Line (1966-1999) was a public affairs show founded and hosted by conservative William F. Buckley, Jr. ... This article is an overview article about the Crown chartered British Broadcasting Corporation formed in 1927. ... Antiques Roadshow is a British human interest television show in which antique appraisers travel to various regions of the United Kingdom and appraise antiques brought in by local residents. ... This article is about a movie. ... American Public Media logo American Public Media is the brand under which Minnesota Public Radio distributes public radio programming outside of the state of Minnesota. ... For the Swedish political music movement, see progg. ... Keith Emerson, Lee Jackson, Brian Davison, Davy OList, circa 1967-68. ... Keith Noel Emerson (born 2 November 1944 in Todmorden, Yorkshire) is a British keyboard player and composer. ... This article is about the recording artist. ...

Also Brandenburg concerto number 2, 1st movement is featured in the 'X Files' Season 2, episode 1 'Little Green Men' and concerto number 4 is featured in 'Conduit' in the same series.

References

is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Scores

• Complete scores of the Brandenburg concertos - Vol. 19 of the Bach Gesellschaft Ausgabe (public domain); from The New Mexico Bach Gesellschaft Ausgabe Leipzig Archive
• Brandenburg concertos: Free scores at the International Music Score Library Project.

The International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP) is a project for the creation of a virtual library of public domain music scores, based on the wiki principle. ...

Essays

• The Brandenburg Concertos: A New Interpretation - Essay on rhetoric and symbolism in the concertos by early music expert Philip Pickett
• Inkpot: The Brandenburg Concertos - An introduction by Benjamin Chee
• good-music-guide.com: Brandenburg Concertos - Introductory survey

Philip Pickett (born November 19, 1950) is an English musician and leader of Early Music ensembles. ...

Recordings

• List of recordings, with reviews, from jsbach.org
• Free MP3 Recording with Creative Commons License
• Czech Radio recording free download - in MP3 or FLAC
• Information and recordings of all concertos