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Brane cosmology is a protoscience motivated by, but not rigorously derived from, superstring theory and M-theory. The idea is to solve problems in cosmology using speculative particle physics theories and in turn use cosmological observations to motivate ideas in string theory. In philosophy of science, a protoscience is any new area of scientific endeavor in the process of becoming established. ...
Superstring theory is an attempt to explain all of the particles and fundamental forces of nature in one theory by modeling them as vibrations of tiny supersymmetric strings. ...
M-theory is a solution proposed for the unknown theory of everything which would combine all five superstring theories and 11-dimensional supergravity together. ...
Jump to: navigation, search Cosmology, from the Greek: κοσμολογία (cosmologia, κόσμος (cosmos) world + λογια (logia) discourse) is the study of the universe in its totality and by extension mans place in it. ...
Particles erupt from the collision point of two relativistic (100 GeV) gold ions in the STAR detector of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. ...
Jump to: navigation, search String theory is a model of fundamental physics whose building blocks are one-dimensional extended objects (strings) rather than the zero-dimensional points (particles) that are the basis of the Standard Model of particle physics. ...
The central idea is that our visible, four-dimensional universe is entirely restricted to a brane inside a higher-dimensional space, called the bulk. The additional dimensions may be taken to be compact, in which case the observed universe contains the extra dimensions, and then no reference to the bulk is appropriate in this context. In the bulk model, other branes may be moving through this bulk. Interactions with the bulk, and possibly with other branes, can influence our brane and thus introduce effects not seen in more standard cosmological models. Jump to: navigation, search The deepest visible-light image of the cosmos. ...
Branes are objects in M-theory and its offshoot, brane cosmology. ...
Kaluza-Klein theory (or KK theory, for short) is a model which sought to unify classical gravity and electromagnetism. ...
Jump to: navigation, search Dimension (from Latin measured out) is, in essence, the number of degrees of freedom available for movement in a space. ...
In string theory, a model used in theoretical physics, a compact dimension is curled up in itself and very small (Planck length). ...
As one of its attractive features, the model can "explain" the weakness of gravity relative to the other fundamental forces of nature. In the brane picture, the other three forces (electromagnetism and the weak and strong nuclear forces) are localised on the brane, but gravity has no such constraint and so much of its attractive power "leaks" into the bulk. As a consequence, the force of gravity should appear significantly stronger on small (sub-millimetre) scales, where less gravitational force has "leaked". Various experiments are currently underway to test this. For example, in a particle accelerator, if a gravitron were to be discovered and then observed to suddenly disappear, it might be assumed that the gravitron "leaked" into the bulk. Jump to: navigation, search It has been suggested that Law of universal gravitation be merged into this article or section. ...
Quadrupole (four-pole) magnet, focus particle beams in a particle accelerator. ...
The weak nuclear force or weak interaction is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. ...
The strong interaction or strong force is today understood to represent the interactions between quarks and gluons as detailed by the theory of quantum chromodynamics. ...
Branes are objects in M-theory and its offshoot, brane cosmology. ...
The Randall-Sundrum, pre-big bang, ekpyrotic and cyclic scenarios are particular models of brane cosmology which have attracted a considerable amount of attention. In physics, Randall-Sundrum models imagine that the real world is a higher-dimensional Universe described by warped geometry. ...
The ekpyrotic universe or ekpyrotic scenario is a cosmological theory of the origin of the universe. ...
The Cyclic Model is a brane cosmology model of the creation of the universe, derived from the earlier ekpyrotic model. ...
The theory hypothesises that the origin of the big bang could have occured when two parallel branes touched.
See also: compactification, D-brane, M-brane, Kaluza-Klein, holographic principle. In mathematics, compactification is applied to topological spaces to make them compact spaces. ...
In theoretical physics, D-branes are a special class of p-branes, named for the physicist Johann Dirichlet. ...
Kaluza-Klein theory (or KK theory, for short) is a model which sought to unify classical gravity and electromagnetism. ...
The holographic principle is a speculative conjecture about quantum gravity theories, proposed by Gerard t Hooft and improved and promoted by Leonard Susskind, claiming that all of the information contained in a volume of space can be represented by a theory that lives in the boundary of that region. ...
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