Part of the Politics series on Fascism

Definitions of fascism Varieties Arrow Cross Austrofascism Brazilian Integralism Clerical fascism Greek fascism Iron Guard Italian fascism Japanese fascism Neo-Fascism Rexism Ustaše Organizations Fascism as an international phenomenon List of fascist movements by country History 4th of August Regime Fascio Fascist Italy Italian Social Republic · March on Rome Related Subjects Acerbo Law Actual Idealism Anti-fascism · Benito Mussolini Black Brigades Blackshirts Class collaboration Corporatism Economics of fascism Falange Fascism and ideology Fascist symbolism Fascist unification rhetoric Giovanni Gentile Grand Council of Fascism Italian Nationalist Association Nazi salute National socialism National syndicalism Neo-Fascism Quadrumvirs Roman salute Social fascism Third Position Enrico Corradini

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Ioannis Metaxas From 1936 to 1941, Greece was ruled by an authoritarian regime under the leadership of General Ioannis Metaxas akin to that of Francos Spain. ... -1... Italian fascism (in Italian, fascismo) was the authoritarian political movement which ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943 under the leadership of Benito Mussolini. ... This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Léon Degrelle Rexism was a fascist political movement in the first half of the twentieth century in Belgium. ... An UstaÅ¡e guard pose among the bodies of prisoners murdered in the Jasenovac concentration camp The UstaÅ¡e (also known as Ustashas or Ustashi) was a Croatian extreme nationalist movement. ... This article discusses regimes and movements that are alleged to have been either fascist or sympathetic to fascism. ... The neutrality of this article is disputed. ... 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The famous Integralist salute, "Anauê!", which means "you are my brother!" (believed by some to have originated in a Tupi language expression)

Integralist banner

Brazilian Integralism (Portuguese: Integralismo brasileiro) was a Brazilian political movement created in October 1932. Founded and led by Plínio Salgado, a literary figure who was relatively famous during the 1922 Modern Art Week, the movement had adopted some characteristics of European mass movements of those times, specifically of the Italian fascism, but differentiating itself from some forms of fascism in that Salgado did not preach racism (they even had as their slogan: "Union of all races and all people"). The name of the party was Ação Integralista Brasileira (AIB, Brazilian Integralist Action); the reference to Integralism mirrored the choice of name for a tradicionalist movement in Portugal, Integralismo Lusitano. For its symbol, the AIB used a flag with a white disk on a royal blue background, with an uppercase sigma (Σ) in its center. Image File history File links SaudacaoIntegralista1935. ... Image File history File links SaudacaoIntegralista1935. ... The Tupi language group consists of 6 languages in the Tupi-Guarani sublanguage family: Tupi Antigo, Nhengatu, Tupinkin, Potiguara, Omagua, and Cocoma. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ação_Integralista_Brasileira. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ação_Integralista_Brasileira. ... Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1932 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Plínio Salgado (January 22, 1895–December 7, 1975) was the founder and leader of the 1930s Brazilian fascist movement known as Integralism. Early life Born in the small traditional town of São Bento do Sapucaí in São Paulo state, he was the son of Col. ... 1922 Modern Art Week was an event performed in Brazil in the year 1922. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... Manifestations Slavery Racial profiling Lynching Hate speech Hate crime Genocide (examples) Ethnocide Ethnic cleansing Pogrom Race war Religious persecution Blood libel Paternalism Police brutality Movements Policies Discriminatory Race / Religion / Sex segregation Apartheid Redlining Internment Ethnocracy Anti-discriminatory Emancipation Civil rights Desegregation Integration Equal opportunity Counter-discriminatory Affirmative action Racial quota... Look up slogan in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Integralism is a perspective according to which society is an organic unity. ... Integralismo Lusitano (IL, Lusitanic Integralism) is a Portuguese political movement advocating traditionalism, but opposed to conservatism, founded in Coimbra in 1914, and especially active during the the Portuguese First Republic. ... Royal blue is a lighter shade of blue. ... For other uses, see Sigma (disambiguation). ...

Character

Plínio Salgado, Integralist leader

With a green-shirted paramilitary organization with uniformed ranks, highly regimented street demonstrations, and rhetoric against Marxism and liberalism, they were in favour of nationalism in a context of heterogeneous and tolerant nation influenced by "Christian virtues". Like the European fascists, they were essentially middle class. In particular, they drew support from military officers, especially in the Brazilian Navy. Image File history File linksMetadata Pliniosalgado_v1935. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Pliniosalgado_v1935. ... Plínio Salgado (January 22, 1895–December 7, 1975) was the founder and leader of the 1930s Brazilian fascist movement known as Integralism. Early life Born in the small traditional town of São Bento do Sapucaí in São Paulo state, he was the son of Col. ... Paramilitary designates forces whose function and organization are similar to those of a professional military force, but which are not regarded as having the same status. ... For other uses, see Uniform (disambiguation). ... Marxism is both the theory and the political practice (that is, the praxis) derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. ... Liberalism is an ideology, philosophical view, and political tradition which holds that liberty is the primary political value. ... Eugène Delacroixs Liberty Leading the People, symbolizing French nationalism during the July Revolution 1830. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Relation to other religions Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Christianity Portal This box:      Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ... The middle class (or middle classes) comprises a social group once defined by exception as an intermediate social class between the nobility and the peasantry. ... The Brazilian Navy (Portuguese: Marinha do Brasil) is the navy of Brazil. ...

The fight against Jews was always subject of polemical discussions within integralist leaders - Salgado was against anti-Semitism, while Gustavo Barroso, the chief of Integralist Militia (a paramilitary group), was not for his strong enmity towards the Jews.^[1] This led to at least two serious ruptures in the movement: one in 1935 and the other, 1936, when Plínio almost renounced leadership of the movement. The Eternal Jew: 1937 German poster. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ... Year 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

One of the most important principles in an Integralist's life was the "Internal Revolution", or "Revolution of the Self", through which a man was encouraged to stop thinking only for himself, and instead start to integrate into the idea of a giant integralist family - becoming one with the Homeland, while also leaving behind selfish and "evil" values.

Attitudes of the Vargas regime

A 1937 Integralist propaganda poster that imitates the antologic Uncle Sam poster. The caption reads "Brazil needs you! Without Integralism, there is no Nationalism"

In the beginning of the 1930s, Brazil went through a strong wave of political radicalism. The government led by President Getulio Vargas had a degree of support from workers because of the labor laws he introduced, and competed with the Communist Party of Brazil for working class support. In the face of communist advances, Vargas turned towards establishing the integralist Estado Novo, the only mobilized base of support on the right, building upon his intensive crackdown against the Brazilian left. With center-left tendencies out of the Vargas' coalition and the left crushed, Vargas gradually started seeking to co-opt the popular movement to attain a widespread support base. Image File history File links IntegralismoCartaz1937. ... Image File history File links IntegralismoCartaz1937. ... 1967 Chinese propaganda poster from the Cultural Revolution. ... Placard redirects here: this should not be confused with Plaque or Plack Poster from the Spanish Revolution A poster is any large piece of printed paper designed to be attached to a wall or vertical surface. ... This article is about the national personification of the USA. For other uses, see Uncle Sam (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Revolution (disambiguation). ... Brazilian Presidential Standard The President of Brazil is both the head of state and head of government of the Federative Republic of Brazil. ... Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (April 19, 1883 - August 24, 1954) was the president of Brazil from 1930 to 1945 and from 1950 to his suicide in 1954. ... The Communist Party of Brazil (Partido Comunista do Brasil), better known by its abbreviation PCdoB, is a political party in Brazil. ... Estado Novo (Portuguese for New State) was the name of the authoritarian government installed in Brazil by President Getúlio Dornelles Vargas in 1937. ... Right wing redirects here. ... Left wing redirects here. ... The term center-left has two distinct meanings in politics: Center-left can be used to describe a moderately left-wing political party. ...

Integralism, claiming a rapidly growing membership throughout Brazil by 1935, especially among the German-Brazilians and Italian-Brazilians (communities which together amounted to approximately one million people), began filling this ideological void. In 1934, the Integralists targeted the Communist movement led by Luiz Carlos Prestes, mobilizing a conservative mass support base engaging in street brawls. In 1934, following the disintegration of Vargas' delicate alliance with labor, and his new alliance with the AIB, Brazil entered one of the most agitated periods in its political history. Brazil's major cities began to resemble the 1932-33 street battles in Berlin between the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands and the Nazi Party. By mid-1935 Brazilian politics had been drastically destabilized. 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ... First group of German immigrants arrived in Brazil, by Ernst Zeuner, 1824 A German-Brazilian (German Deutschbrasilianer or Deutschbrasilianisch, Portuguese teuto-brasileiro or germano-brasileiro) is a Brazilian person of German ancestry/origin (i. ... An Italian Brazilian (Italian: italo-brasiliano, Portuguese: ítalo-brasileiro) is a Brazilian citizen of full or partial Italian ancestry. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Luís Carlos Prestes Luís Carlos Prestes (1898—1990) was the legendary leader of the 1920s tenente rebellion and the Communist opposition to the dictatorship of Getúlio Vargas in Brazil. ... This article is about the capital of Germany. ... 1932 KPD poster, End This System The Communist Party of Germany (German Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands – KPD) was a major political party in Germany between 1918 and 1933, and a minor party in West Germany in the postwar period. ... The National Socialist German Workers Party (German: , or NSDAP, commonly, the Nazi Party), was a political party in Germany between 1920 and 1945. ...

Crackdown and legacy

When Vargas established full dictatorial powers under the Estado Novo in 1937, he turned against the movement. Although AIB favored Vargas' hard right turn, Salgado was overly ambitious, with overt presidential aspirations that threatened Vargas' grip on power. In 1938, the Integralists made a last attempt at achieving power, by attacking the Guanabara Palace during the night. This attempt was called the Integralist assault^{[citation needed]}. They were almost able to enter the building and kill Vargas, but police and army troops arrived at the last minute. The Brazilian army put the coup down with less than twenty casualties. Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A dictatorship is an autocratic form of government in which the government is ruled by a dictator. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

AIB disintegrated after that failure in 1938, and some years later Salgado founded the Party of Popular Representation (PRP), which maintained the ideology of Integralism, but without the uniforms, salutes, signals, and signs. In 1964, many of the former members of Brazilian Integralist Action took part in the military coup that overthrew João Goulart; the Catholic bishop and famous socialist D. Hélder Câmara and the Brazilian leftist Leonel Brizola were both former integralists. Today, there are very small and powerless groups in Brazil which uphold the integralist tradition. Also Nintendo emulator: 1964 (emulator). ... Coup redirects here. ... João Belchior Marques Goulart (March 1, 1918—December 6, 1976) was the last left-wing president of Brazil (1961–March 31, 1964) The surname Goulart is of Azorean-Flemish origin. ... DONT DO DRUGS NICK TAT IS GAY BAHAHAHA CAMARAS ARE EVILE and now there is a camera watcehing u MWhahahahahaha ... Leonel Brizola. ...

This attempt was called the Integralist Pajama Putsch.^[2]

References

Philip Rees is an writer and Librarian in charge of acquisitions at the J. B. Morrell Library, University of York. ... Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890 is a reference book edited by Philip Rees. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ...

External links

• Brazilian Integralist Front (in Portuguese)
• Site of the integralist nucleus of the south of Brazil (in Portuguese)
• Site of the integralist nucleus of the Rio de Janeiro (in Portuguese, English or French)
• Ação Integralista Brasileira symbols at Flags of the World
• Video clip showing Integralist uniforms, parades and leaders