| Brazilian wandering spider |
Phoneutria nigriventer | | Scientific classification | | | | Diversity | | 8 species | | Type species | Phoneutria fera
Perty, 1833 | | Species | | P. bahiensis
P. boliviensis
P. eickstedtae
P. fera
P. keyserlingi
P. nigriventer
P. pertyi
P. reidyi Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ...
Scientific classification redirects here. ...
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Subphyla and Classes Subphylum Trilobitomorpha Trilobita - trilobites (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata Arachnida - spiders,scorpions, etc. ...
For other uses, see Arachnid (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Spider (disambiguation). ...
Genera Phoneutria The wandering spiders used to refer to the genus Phoneutria but now usually refers to the entire family Ctenidae. ...
This page lists all described species of the spider family Ctenidae as of Mar. ...
In biology, a type is that which fixes a name to a taxon. ...
For other uses, see Species (disambiguation). ...
| The Brazilian wandering spiders (Phoneutria spp.), Armed spiders ("aranhas armadeiras", as they are known in Portuguese) or banana spiders (not to be confused with the relatively harmless species of the genus Nephila) are a genus of aggressive and highly venomous spiders found in tropical South and Central America. These spiders are members of the Ctenidae family of wandering spiders. Species N. clavata N. clavipes N. edulis N. inaurata N. maculata N. pilipes The golden silk orb-weavers (genus Nephila) are also commonly called golden orb-weavers or banana spiders. ...
Chelicerae of a black wishbone (Nemesiidae) spider, a mygalomorph Spiders are widely known, and feared by some, for their capability of biting human beings. ...
South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ...
For other uses, see Central America (disambiguation). ...
Genera Phoneutria The wandering spiders used to refer to the genus Phoneutria but now usually refers to the entire family Ctenidae. ...
The Brazilian wandering spiders appear in the Guinness Book of World Records 2007 for the most venomous animal and is the spider considered directly responsible for most human deaths due to envenomations from a spider bite.[1] The Guinness Book of Records (or in recent editions Guinness World Records, and in previous US editions Guinness Book of World Records) is a book published annually, containing an internationally recognized collection of superlatives: both in terms of human achievement and the extrema of the natural world. ...
Wasp sting, with droplet of venom Venom (literally, poison of animal origin) is any of a variety of toxins used by animals, for the purpose of defense and hunting. ...
This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ...
Chelicerae of a black wishbone (Nemesiidae) spider, a mygalomorph Spiders occasionally bite humans. ...
Description
The genus Phoneutria (Greek for "Murderess") contains eight similar scientifically described species. The Brazilian wandering spiders can grow to have a leg span of up to 4-5 inches (10-13 cm). Their body length ranges from 17 to 48 mm.[2] The genus is distinguished from other related genera such as Ctenus by the presence of dense prolateral scopulae on the pedipalp tibiae and tarsi in both sexes.[2] Latin name redirects here. ...
For other uses, see Species (disambiguation). ...
Thelyphonida, in dorsal view, with pedipalps highlighted in green Pedipalps, the second pair of appendages of the cephalothorax in Arachnida, is homologous with mandibles in Crustacea, and corresponding to the mandibles of insects. ...
The wandering spiders are so-called because they wander the jungle floor at night, rather than residing in a lair or maintaining a web. During the day they hide inside termite mounds, under fallen logs and rocks, and in banana plants and bromeliads. At least P. nigriventer is known to hide in dark and moist places in or near human dwellings.[2] Genera Phoneutria The wandering spiders used to refer to the genus Phoneutria but now usually refers to the entire family Ctenidae. ...
Families Mastotermitidae Kalotermitidae Termopsidae Hodotermitidae Rhinotermitidae Serritermitidae Termitidae Termites, sometimes known as white ants, are a group of social insects usually classified at the taxonomic rank of order Isoptera. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Genera See text Bromeliads include epiphytes, such as Spanish moss, and ground plants, such as the Pineapple. ...
P. nigriventer mates during the dry season from April to June, which leads to frequent observations of the species during this time.[2]
Distribution Phoneutria are found in forests from Costa Rica throughout South America east of the Andes into northern Argentina, including Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay. Three species (P. fera, P. reidyi and P. boliviensis) are found in the Amazon region, while the others are restricted to Atlantic rainforest of Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil, including forest fragments in the Cerrado (savannah). In Brazil Phoneutria is only absent in the northeastern region north of Salvador, Bahia.[2] South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ...
This article is about the mountain range in South America. ...
A river in the Amazon rainforest The Amazon is a rainforest in South America. ...
The cerrado (Portuguese: thick, dense) is a vast area of savanna-like grasslands in Brazil. ...
Nickname: Motto: Sic illa ad arcam reversa est (And thus the dove returned to the ark) Location of Salvador Country Brazil Region State Bahia Founded 29 March 1549 Government - Mayor João Henrique Carneiro (PMDB) Area - Total 706 km² (272. ...
Phoneutria was introduced to Chile and Uruguay.[2]
Species Per early 2008, this genus contains eight species:[3] - Phoneutria bahiensis Simó & Brescovit, 2001 — Atlantic rainforest of Brazil.
- Phoneutria boliviensis (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) — Central, South America.
- Phoneutria eickstedtae Martins & Bertani, 2007 — Brazil.
- Phoneutria fera Perty, 1833 — Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Surinam, Guyana.
- Phoneutria keyserlingi (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) — Atlantic rainforest of Brazil.
- Phoneutria nigriventer (Keyserling, 1891) — Brazil, northern Argentina; introduced to Uruguay.
- Phoneutria pertyi (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) — Atlantic rainforest of Brazil.
- Phoneutria reidyi (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) — Venezuela, Peru, Brazil, Guyana, Costa Rica.
Species The Brazilian wandering spider (Phoneutria spp. ...
Species The Brazilian wandering spider (Phoneutria spp. ...
Frederick Octavius Pickard-Cambridge (November 3, 1860 - ?) was an English arachnologist. ...
Binomial name Phoneutria bahiensis Sim & Brescovit, 2001 Phoneutria boliviensis (Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) Phoneutria fera Perty, 1833 Phoneutria nigriventer (Keyserling, 1891) Phoneutria reidyi (Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) The Brazilian wandering spider (Phoneutria sp. ...
Species The Brazilian wandering spider (Phoneutria spp. ...
Eugen von Keyserling (1833 - 1889) was a German arachnologist. ...
Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
Species The Brazilian wandering spider (Phoneutria spp. ...
Danger to humans Phoneutria has a highly venomous bite. They include some of the relatively few species of spiders that present a threat to human beings. It has been suggested that Snake poison be merged into this article or section. ...
These spiders are notorious both due to their toxic venom, and because they are not reluctant to attack people who appear threatening. Of the eight described species, P. nigriventer and P. fera most frequently receive mention in mass-media publications. P. nigriventer is the species responsible for most cases of venom intoxication in Brazil because it commonly is found in highly populated areas of south-eastern Brazil, such as the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo. The species P. fera is native to the northern portion of South America in the Amazon of Brazil, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and the Guyanas. Toxic redirects here, but this is also the name of a song by Britney Spears; see Toxic (song) Look up toxic and toxicity in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Motto Pro Brasilia Fiant Eximia (Latin) For Brazil Great Things Are Done Anthem Bandeirantes Anthem Capital (and largest city) São Paulo Demonym Paulista Government - Governor José Serra - Vice Governor Alberto Goldman Area - Total 248. ...
Capital (and largest city) Belo Horizonte Demonym Mineiro Government - Governor Aécio Neves - Vice Governor Antônio Augusto Junho Anastasia Area - Total 588,528. ...
Anthem November 15th Capital (and largest city) Rio de Janeiro Demonym Fluminense Government - Governor Sérgio Cabral Filho - Vice Governor LuÃs Fernando de Sousa Area - Total 43,696. ...
Motto Trabalha e Confia (Portuguese) Work and Trust [in God] Capital Vitória Largest city Vila Velha Demonym Capixaba or Espiritossantense Government - Governor Paulo Hartung - Vice Governor Ricardo Ferraço Area - Total 46. ...
Map of the Amazon rainforest ecoregions as delineated by the WWF. Yellow line encloses the Amazon rainforest. ...
The Guyanas or Guianas is a group of three countries on the north coast of South America: Guyana, formerly known as British Guiana Suriname, also known as Dutch Guiana French Guiana See also Guiana This is a disambiguation page, a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title. ...
Recent studies suggest that these spiders only inject venom in approximately one-third of their bites and may only inject a small amount in another third. However, research in this area is hindered by the difficulty of identifying particular subspecies.
Bites from these spiders may result in only a couple of painful pinpricks to full-blown envenomation. In either case, people bitten by a Phoneutria or any Ctenid should seek immediate emergency treatment as the venom is possibly life threatening. P. fera and P. nigriventer are the two most commonly implicated as the most virulent of the Phoneutria spiders. Phoneutria not only has a potent neurotoxin, but is reported to have one of the most excruciatingly painful envenomations of all spiders due to its high concentration of serotonin. A neurotoxin is a toxin that acts specifically on nerve cells – neurons – usually by interacting with membrane proteins such as ion channels. ...
For the professional wrestling stable, see Ravens Nest#Serotonin. ...
Their wandering nature is another reason it is considered so dangerous. In densely populated areas, Phoneutria species usually search for cover and dark places to hide during daytime, leading it to hide within houses, clothes, cars, boots, boxes and log piles; thus generating accidents when people disturb it. Its other common name - the "banana spider" - as attributed because it is occasionally found as a 'stowaway' within shipments of bananas. Bananas may refer to: Bananas (film), a 1971 Woody Allen film Bananas (album), a 2003 Deep Purple album Bananas (catamorphism), a generalization of folds Bananas, one of Donkey and Dragons hybrid Children. ...
Despite their reputation as the world's deadliest spiders, there are multiple studies that dispute their capacity for fatal human envenomation. One study suggested that only 2.3% of bites (mainly in children) were serious enough to require antivenin.[4] However, other sources suggest they are the most dangerous or toxic spiders in the world based upon toxicology studies. One of the most notable and thorough studies is presented in the book "Venomous Animals and their Venoms Vol. III" edited by Wolfgang Bucheral and Eleanor Buckley, and clearly demonstrate Phoneutria nigriventer's extreme toxicity in a table showing that the amount necessary to kill a 20g mouse was only .006mg (intravenously) and .0134 subcutaneously as compared to Latrodectus mactans (Black Widow) at 0.110 and 0.2 respectively. The same study reports the death of two children killed by the same spider in São Sebastião identified as a Phoneutria, and identified by Bucheral. This demonstrates the fact that identification is key in the process of accurately associating a bite with the correct, offending species. Both P. nigriventer and P. fera are extremely dangerous. Pharmalogical studies strongly suggest the danger of Phoneutria envenomation and ranks various species of the Phoneutria genus arguably as one of the world's most dangerous spiders. Antivenin (or antivenom, or antivenene) is a biological product used in the treatment of venomous bites or stings. ...
Intravenous therapy or IV therapy is the giving of liquid substances directly into a vein. ...
The subcutis is the layer of tissue directly underlying the cutis. ...
Species Fabricius, 1775 Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935 Walckenaer, 1837 The black widow spider () is a spider notorious for its neurotoxic venom. ...
São Sebastião (Portuguese for Saint Sebastian) is a Brazilian city, located on the southeast coast of Brazil, in the state of São Paulo. ...
Aside from causing intense pain, the venom of the spider can also cause priapism - uncomfortable erections that can last for many hours and lead to impotence. The venom may eventually be used in erectile dysfunction treatments.[5] Priapism (Ancient Greek: ) is a potentially harmful medical condition in which the erect penis does not return to its flaccid state (despite the absence of both physical and psychological stimulation) within about four hours. ...
Footnotes A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ...
The FOX News Channel is a US cable and satellite news channel. ...
is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
References - Bucaretchi F, Deus Reinaldo C, Hyslop S, Madureira P, De Capitani E, Vieira R (2000). "A clinico-epidemiological study of bites by spiders of the genus Phoneutria". Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo 42 (1): 17–21. PMID 10742722.
- Martins, Rosana & Bertani, Rogério (2007): The non-Amazonian species of the Brazilian wandering spiders of the genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae: Ctenidae), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 1526: 1-36. (with key and pictures) — Abstract
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