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Brazil

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Brazil Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... Image File history File links Coat_of_arms_of_Brazil. ... Politics of Brazil takes place in a framework of a federal presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Brazil is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ...

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On October 23, 2005 Brazil held a Federal-wide referendum on article 35 of the Disarmament Statute. The possible outcome was either an approval or disapproval of the article, which states in full : "The sale of firearms and ammunition is prohibited in the entire national territory, except to those entities provided in article 6 of this Law". The referendum failed by nearly ⅔ and that part of the statute was not enacted. The cabinet of Brazil, called ministério, is the executive branch of the brazilian government. ... Brazilian Presidential Standard The President of Brazil is both the head of state and head of government of the Federative Republic of Brazil. ... Category: ... The Chief of Staff (Portuguese: Chefe da Casa Civil) is the highest-ranking member of the Executive Office of Brazil, and a senior aide to the President. ... The cabinet of Brazil, called ministério, is the executive branch of the brazilian government. ... Please see discussion tab *** The Office of the Advocate-General is the Brazilian institution which, directly or indirectly, represents the federal government either in judicial or non-judicial instances, being also in charge of legal advising for the governments administration. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Brazils bicameral National Congress (Portuguese: Congresso Nacional) consists of the Federal Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. ... In its present configuration, the Brazilian Senate (Portuguese: Senado Federal) is a federal legislative body and the upper house of the National Congress of Brazil. ... The Chamber of Deputies of Brazil (Portuguese: Câmara dos Deputados) is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      In the law, the judiciary or judicial system is the system of courts which administer justice in the name of the sovereign or state, a mechanism for the resolution of disputes. ... The Supreme Federal Tribunal (in Portuguese Supremo Tribunal Federal, or simply STF) is the highest court of law of the Federative Republic of Brazil. ... Brazil elects on the national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. ... This article lists political parties in Brazil. ... In 2006, Brazil held general elections in two rounds. ... Brazil is divided into twenty-six estados (states; singular estado) and one district, the Distrito Federal (Federal District) which contains the capital city, Brasília. ... This is a list of the current governors of the States of Brazil. ... There are serious issues in regard to abuses of human rights in Brazil. ... Traditionally, Brazil has been a leader in the inter-American community and has played an important role in collective security efforts, as well as in economic cooperation in the Western Hemisphere. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... is the 296th day of the year (297th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Elections Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, originally a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ... A firearm is a kinetic energy weapon that fires either a single or multiple projectiles propelled at high velocity by the gases produced by action of the rapid confined burning of a propellant. ... Boxes of ammunition clog a warehouse in Baghdad Ammunition is a generic military term meaning (the assembly of) a projectile and its propellant. ...

The referendum and its date had been provided for by the Disarmament Statute itself. During the drafting and development of the law, it had been decided that article 35 should be submitted to a referendum because of the importance of its subject. On July 7, 2005, the Federal Senate of Brazil promulgated legislative decree 780, which authorized the referendum. Article 2 of its decree stipulated that the public consultation should employ the following question: "Should commerce in firearms and ammunition be prohibited in Brazil?" ("O comércio de armas de fogo e munição deve ser proibido no Brasil?"). Voters could choose to answer this question "yes" or "no", could leave the ballot blank, or could invalidate their votes. is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Brazils bicameral National Congress (Portuguese: Congresso Nacional) consists of the Federal Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. ...

Among the world's countries, Brazil has the second largest number of people murdered annually by firearms, second to Venezuela. Each year about 39,000 people in Brazil are shot to death. However, worldwide statistics do not show unambiguously whether this number would be reduced by the prohibition of the sale of firearms and ammunition.

Procedure

The referendum took place much as a normal Brazilian legislative or executive election would. Citizens voted in their respective electoral districts by electronic ballot.

Voting was obligatory for those over 18 and optional for those voters between 16 and 18 or over 70. Voters had to vote within their districts, unlike the 1993 referendum. Anyone who was outside their district on the day of the referendum had to justify themselves with a Petition for Electoral Justification and submit it at their nearest polling station. Citizens abroad were not allowed to vote. Violators would be assessed a fine of about R$4.00). ISO 4217 Code BRL User(s) Brazil Inflation 3. ...

The usual prohibition of campaigning on the day of the election was in effect. In addition, some states of Brazil ban the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages during the day. Brazil is divided into twenty-six estados (states; singular estado) and one district, the Distrito Federal (Federal District) which contains the capital city, Brasília. ... Alcoholic beverages are drinks containing ethanol, popularly called alcohol. ...

Results

The final electoral results were roughly as projected by surveys conducted by the principal Brazilian research institutions in the week before the referendum. While IBOPE predicted a victory for "no" with 55% of the vote against 45%, Datafolha projected that the result would be 57% to 43%. Both surveys had a margin of error of plus or minus 2 percentage points. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with IBOPE media information. ... The top portion of this graphic depicts probability densities (for a binomial distribution) that show the relative likelihood that the true percentage is in a particular area given a reported percentage of 50%. The bottom portion of this graphic shows the margin of error, the corresponding zone of 95% confidence. ...

Source: http://www.justicaeleitoral.gov.br/

This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Image:Brasil Norte vincent harley rocks maploc. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The southern region of Brazil is one of the five administrative regions of Brazil. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Flag of Acre See other Brazilian States Capital Rio Branco Largest City Rio Branco Area 152 522 km² Population   - Total   - Density 557 526 3. ... Flag of Alagoas See other Brazilian States Capital Maceió Largest City Maceió Area 27 818 km² Population   - Total   - Density 2 822 621 101. ... Amazonas is the largest state of Brazil, located in the northern part of the country. ... Flag of Amapá See other Brazilian States Capital Macapá Largest City Macapá Area 142 816 km² Population   - Total   - Density 477 032 3. ... Flag of Bahia See other Brazilian States Capital Salvador Largest City Salvador Area 564 273 km² Population   - Total   - Density 13 070 250 23. ... Flag of Ceará See other Brazilian States Capital Fortaleza Largest City Fortaleza Area 148,016 km² Population   - Total   - Density 6,500,000 43. ... The Brazilian Federal District (in Portuguese, Distrito Federal) is set apart for Brasília, the capital of Brazil. ... Flag of Espírito Santo See other Brazilian States Capital Vitória Largest City Vila Velha Area 46,184 km² Population   - Total   - Density 3 097 232 58. ... Flag of Goiás See other Brazilian States Capital Goiânia Largest City Goiânia Area 341 289 km² Population   - Total   - Density 4 848 725 14. ... Maranhão is one of the states of Brazil in the north-eastern region. ... Flag of Minas Gerais See other Brazilian States Capital Belo Horizonte Largest City Belo Horizonte Area 586,528. ... Flag of Mato Grosso do Sul See other Brazilian States Capital Campo Grande Largest City Campo Grande Area 358,158. ... Flag of Mato Grosso See other Brazilian States Capital Cuiabá Largest City Cuiabá Area 903,357. ... Flag of Pará See other Brazilian States Capital Belém Largest City Belém Area 1. ... Flag of Paraíba See other Brazilian States Capital João Pessoa Largest City João Pessoa Area 56. ... Flag of Pernambuco See other Brazilian States Capital Recife Largest City Recife Area 98,281 km² Population   - Total   - Density 7,918,344 80. ... Flag of Piauí See other Brazilian States Capital Teresina Largest City Teresina Area 250,934 km² Population   - Total   - Density 2,750,000 11 inh. ... Flag of Paraná See other Brazilian States Capital Curitiba Largest City Curitiba Area 199,544 km² Population   - Total   - Density 9,150,000 48 inh. ... Flag of Rio de Janeiro See other Brazilian States Capital Rio de Janeiro Largest City Rio de Janeiro Area 43,696. ... Flag of Rio Grande do Norte See other Brazilian States Capital Natal Largest City Natal Area 53,015 km² Population   - Total   - Density 2,770,730 52. ... Flag of Rondônia See other Brazilian States Capital Porto Velho Largest City Porto Velho Area 238,512. ... Flag of Roraima See other Brazilian States Capital Boa Vista Largest City Boa Vista Area 225,116. ... Flag of Rio Grande do Sul See other Brazilian States Capital Porto Alegre Largest City Porto Alegre Area 282,062 km² Population   - Total   - Density 10. ... Flag of Santa Catarina See other Brazilian States Capital Florianópolis Largest City Joinville Area 95,442. ... Flag of Sergipe See other Brazilian States Capital Aracaju Largest City Aracaju Area 21,994 km² Population   - Total   - Density 1,712,786 77. ... Flag of São Paulo See other Brazilian States Capital São Paulo Largest City São Paulo City Area 248,176. ... Tocantins is one of the states of Brazil. ...

Arguments and views

Like other referendums and plebiscites, this referendum dealt with a highly controversial subject which evoked a variety of opinions and arguments on both sides. The arguments listed below were advanced during the debate and are presented here without independent verification of the statistics employed.

"No"

The following arguments are based on the right of self-defense of the law-abiding citizen: Self defense refers to actions taken by a person to defend onself, ones property or ones home. ...

• The ban would create an increase in demand for guns (arms trafficking) among those who wanted to carry a gun for whatever reason (whether for criminal purposes or for legitimate self-defense).
• Even recognizing the possibility that an armed response to a robbery may turn out badly (an argument used in support of disarmament), there is still a chance that the armed response will succeed; this possibility, according to opponents of disarmament, is sufficient to discourage someone from committing a robbery in consideration of this risk.
• Criminals would feel more confident knowing that the population was disarmed.
• It was also argued that some people need guns to defend themselves, such as people threatened with death, retired police, rural land owners, etc.
• The ban would provide advantages to foreign arms manufacturers, competitors of the domestic industry which exports most of its production to the foreign market.
• The disarmament campaign has the support of enormous overseas NGOs. The main campaign for disarmament, the Viva Rio foundation, receives financial support from the Ford Foundation, from the United Nations, from the Soros Foundation and from the British government.
• Citizens may have the right not to want a gun, but may not be able to lose the right to have one.

The following arguments are based on criticism of the State: Gunrunning, also known as arms trafficking, is trafficking in (smuggling) contraband weapons and ammunition. ... NGO is an abbreviation or code for: Non-governmental organization Nagoya Airport (IATA code) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Ford Foundation is a charitable foundation based in New York City created to fund programs that promote democracy, reduce poverty, promote international understanding, and advance human achievement. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... A Soros Foundation is one of a network of national foundations, mostly in Central and Eastern Europe, which fund volunteer socio-political activity, created by George Soros, international financier and philanthropist, and coordinated since early 1994 by a management team called the Open Society Institute. ... The Politics of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland takes place in the framework of a constitutional monarchy in which the Monarch is head of state and the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government. ... This article is about the country. ...

• The Brazilian government has not been able to provide the public safety required by the Constitution of Brazil.
• In much of Brazil, there is no effective control over guns that are manufactured in other countries, especially neighboring countries.
• Since the bureaucracy and taxes are already so great, it is easier for a criminal to choose the faster and cheaper method of obtaining an illegal (and often imported) gun. Currently, a citizen who wants to carry a gun is subject to rigorous psychological tests.
• It was argued that, if the referendum resulted in the collapse of the Brazilian arms industry, an increased dependency on foreign economies would result, along with an increased need to import weapons for national defense.

The following statistics were provided in support of this view: This is an article about the modern meaning of the term public safety. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

• Numbers that indicate that the great majority of crimes are committed with illegally-possessed guns;
• Numbers that show that the Brazilian state (Rio Grande do Sul) that has the largest number of legal firearms nonetheless possesses the lowest rate of crimes committed by means of guns. The same thing occurs in some countries in the first world. Based on this, it was argued that crime is a problem with roots in education and family issues, and not a result of guns per se.

Flag of Rio Grande do Sul See other Brazilian States Capital Porto Alegre Largest City Porto Alegre Area 282,062 km² Population   - Total   - Density 10. ... a family of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso in 1997 Family is a Western term used to denote a domestic group of people, or a number of domestic groups linked through descent (demonstrated or stipulated) from a common ancestor, marriage or adoption. ...

"Yes"

• Guns are tools whose only purpose is killing, and so they inevitably generate violence.
• In the medium to long term, some supporters of the referendum hoped for an end to all guns in the country.
• Under the referendum, only those within certain exceptions (police, military, private security agencies, etc.) would be able to have legal access to guns; however, those threatened can request special protection from the government.
• Statistics show that most crimes are committed for pointless reasons. Therefore, with a gun, hotheadedness or recklessness may easily cause a citizen to irrationally use his firearm.
• The statistics concerning guns confiscated by the police show that a third of illegally-possessed guns have a legal Brazilian origin. Most of these are low caliber and either unregistered or stolen.
• A robber has the benefit of surprise. An armed citizen has a very limited chance of responding successfully with a gun and surviving. The Brazilian authorities recommend that people should not resist to a robbery since, according to studies and press accounts, a robber will simply shoot to kill when a threatened person resists (flees, shouts, fires, etc.).
• Material goods can be replaced (especially if they are insured). A life cannot be replaced and the pain of loss and the guilt of becoming a killer cannot be erased through yet another death.
• Civilian firearms training does not prepare people for realistic combat situations (a kind of preparation which is only available to the military).
• The resistance of the most conservative sectors of society, especially in rural areas, to limiting the actions of militias created to defend their lands.
• The national arms industry wouldn't be eliminated by the ban because this industry manufactures weapons besides revolvers and pistols. Also, the prohibition on the sale of guns is only applicable to domestic sales. If the domestic arms industry depended on the domestic market, it would already have failed. The main customers of the arms industry are the Brazilian armed forces and auxiliary forces, which are not affected by the ban, and export markets would still remain available.
• The support of the munitions industries for representatives who had defended controversial actions such as the closing of the National Congress. The two main manufacturers of guns gave R$1.1 million to electoral campaigns in 2002.

“Calibre” redirects here. ... Brazils bicameral National Congress (Portuguese: Congresso Nacional) consists of the Federal Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ...

Other considerations

• Some people argued that the policy of providing incentives for turning in guns voluntarily to be destroyed could interfere with historical research, which might involve the analysis of the armaments that had been used in various historical periods.
• Other people considered the disarmament policy irrelevant, considering that it would neither produce a decrease nor an increase in violence.
• The disarmament question, for some, presented a test of the limits of the constitutional principles such as the right to life, to safety, to property, and the social function of these.
• Some people were afraid of either possible result: if the "yes" option won, people would be emboldening the robbers because they wouldn't expect anyone to have a gun; if the "no" option won, criminals would feel in a certain sense comfortable being armed, knowing that the public is against disarmament.

Opposition to the referendum itself

Many people were against the referendum itself. The obligatory nature of voting on this referendum seemed absurd to some people. Other arguments along these lines include the lack of any option by which the public could decide such a complex subject other than a binary choice with a simple "yes" or "no", and the short time and small amount of trustworthy information. Other critics said that this referendum was simply a trick to promote the interests of certain entities. And others said that this referendum would not change the situation of violence in the country, claiming that this was caused to a much greater extent by social inequities, poor distribution of income, poor public education, ineffective and poorly paid police and a lack of justice.

Other critics did not agree with the form in which the question was presented. The magazine Veja, for example, wrote on October 5, 2005 that the question presented on the ballot — "Should the sale of firearms and ammunition be prohibited in Brazil?" was biased and not presented honestly. The magazine felt that the question should have been "Can the Brazilian government take away people's right to buy firearms?" ("O Estado brasileiro pode tirar das pessoas o direito de comprar uma arma de fogo?"). Veja (Portuguese: Look) is the leading weekly Brazilian news magazine, with a circulation of more than 1,200,000 as of 2005; this is the most circulated magazine in Brazil and the fourth most circulated weekly news magazine in the world. ... For other uses, see 5th October (Serbia). ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Generally, people who opposed the existence of the referendum itself recommended casting an invalid or blank vote or voting "no" (to keep the status quo). This article is about the English rock band. ...

Positive results of the referendum

Many people believe that there was a positive aspect in this popular consultation process. The debate on disarmament may have helped the development of a critical spirit and the stimulation of Brazilian society to assume a more participatory culture, including in the political arena.

Another aspect often praised by certain parts of society was the way the campaign turned out. In contrast with other elections, in which visual and auditory pollution took a toll on Brazilian cities, this contest was carried out amidst clean streets and a calmer environment before, during, and after the voting. Right at the time of the referendum, investigations took place concerning illicit campaign practices which seemed to reinforce the critics of the way political disputes happen in Brazil.

Rumors and speculation

Various rumors and speculations arose concerning this referendum. Among them:

• The objective of disarming the public (first through the Disarmament Campaign and then with this referendum) was associated with an "arming" on the part of President Lula's government, in order to effect a socialist revolution in Brazil. Disarming the public would be the first step.
• The referendum was a plot on the part of politicians to distract attention from the Mensalão scandal. This hypothesis is now dismissed, since the referendum was proposed in 2003.
• Disarmament would be beneficial to the geopolitical hegemony of the United States over Brazil and Latin America in general. Thus, any invasion of Brazilian territory would be easier.
• Voting "yes" would remove some of the responsibility of the public power to look after the security of the population.
• Charlton Heston, retired actor and former president of the United States National Rifle Association, recorded a program to be shown on a TV during a block of time reserved for the "no" movement. Learning this, the supporters of the referendum pledged to counter this program with one featuring the controversial Michael Moore (who included Heston in his documentary Bowling for Columbine). Moore allegedly agreed to tape a TV program for free. None of these claims were ever proven.
• A rumor advanced by the site Cocadaboa (at [1]) said that "Drug dealers want to ban the sale of guns" ("Traficantes querem proibição do comércio de armas") and that the drug trade was invested in the "yes" vote.
• The Globo network was negotiating a partnership with the Austrian gun company Glock to create a huge security company which would look after the entire country. (Glock is, in fact, planning to construct a factory in the city of Campinas, São Paulo State.)

Lula may refer to: // [edit] Geography Lula, a village in Groningen province, the Netherlands. ... A communist revolution is a social revolution inspired by the ideas of Marxism that aims to replace capitalism with communism, normally with socialism (state ownership over the means of production) as an intermediate stage. ... Wikinews has news related to: Political crisis in Brazil Dollars found in the underwear of the adviser to deputy José Nobre Guimarães (PT) The Mensalão scandal, known in Brazil as the escândalo do mensalão, dominated the politics of Brazil in 2005 and currently threatens to bring... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... This article contains a trivia section. ... This article concerns the National Rifle Association of the USA. For the UK organisation, see National Rifle Association of the United Kingdom The National Rifle Association, or NRA, is a non-profit group for the promotion of marksmanship, firearm safety, and the protection of hunting and personal protection firearm rights... Michael Francis Moore (born April 23, 1954) is an American political-activist, a film director, author, social commentator, and political humorist. ... Bowling for Columbine is a controversial documentary film written, directed, produced by, and starring Michael Moore. ... Contents // Categories: Television stubs | Companies of Brazil | Television networks ... Glock is an Austrian weapons manufacturer (named after the founder Gaston Glock) founded in 1963 in Deutsch-Wagram, near Vienna, Austria. ... Nickname: Motto: Labore virtute civitas floret(Latin) Labour and virtue make the city blossom Location of Campinas Country Brazil State São Paulo Government  - Mayor Hélio de Oliveira Santos (Democrat Labour Party (Brazil)) Area  - City 797. ... Flag of São Paulo See other Brazilian States Capital São Paulo Largest City São Paulo City Area 248,176. ...

Controversies

• It was said that that Brazilian mass media was supporting the "yes" side. In fact, the Globo organization supported "yes" openly. With examples to be cited, various artists from the Globo network voted "yes" and the magazine Época pushed an article openly supporting "yes" on October 10, 2005.

• The magazine Veja presented, on October 5, 2005, a cover story with an article clearly supporting "no".

• Marcelo Beraba, ombudsman of the Folha de S. Paulo, said that "the press is for 'yes', but that's obvious" ("a imprensa é pelo 'sim', só que isso é escamoteado"). He said that "if the Veja article had been 'Seven reasons for you to vote yes', it wouldn't have been reason for the scandal that it caused" ("se a matéria de Veja fosse 'Sete razões para você votar no sim' não teria causado o escândalo que causou"). Alberto Dines, of the Press Observer, criticized the reporting of Veja, but supported Beraba's criticism, concluding that "our press is not reliable" ("a nossa imprensa não é confiável"). [2]

Contents // Categories: Television stubs | Companies of Brazil | Television networks ... is the 283rd day of the year (284th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Veja (Portuguese: Look) is the leading weekly Brazilian news magazine, with a circulation of more than 1,200,000 as of 2005; this is the most circulated magazine in Brazil and the fourth most circulated weekly news magazine in the world. ... For other uses, see 5th October (Serbia). ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The newspaper Folha de São Paulo represents the development of the communication media in Brazil. ...

The dark side of the dispute

According to Ancelmo Gois, of the newspaper O Globo, the official site of the "yes" campaign received various hacker attacks daily, which made the organizers change their access provider. Nonetheless, the attacks continued. O Globo is a Brazilian newspaper based in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ... This article is about computer hacking. ...

Who supported what

Some people and organizations who insisted on revealing their choices.

• The PT (Partido dos Trabalhadores) officially supported "yes".
• The PPS (Partido Popular Socialista) openly supported "yes".
• The PSTU (Partido Socialista dos Trabalhadores Unificado) supported "no".
• President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva supported "yes".
• The mayor of the city of São Paulo, José Serra, said that he voted "yes".
• The governor of the state of São Paulo, Geraldo Alckmin, said that he voted "yes".
• The former representative Roberto Jefferson voted "no".
• Senator Antônio Carlos Magalhães (ACM) said that he voted "no".
• Representative Antônio Carlos Magalhães III, grandson of ACM, said that he voted "yes".
• Journalist and blogger Ricardo Noblat defended "yes".
• The journalists Kennedy Alencar, Vinicius Mota, Hélio Schwartsman, Marcelo Beraba and Gilberto Dimenstein of the Folha de São Paulo defended "yes".
• Various artists of the Globo television network supported "yes".
• Zezé de Camargo voted "no" and his brother Luciano voted "yes".

Brazilian Workers Party flag. ... The Socialist Peoples Party (Portuguese: Partido Popular Socialista, PPS) is a political party in Brazil. ... The Unified Socialist Workers Party (Portuguese: Partido Socialista dos Trabalhadores Unificado, PSTU) is a Trotskyist organisation in Brazil. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... This article is about the city. ... José Serra in speech after being elected mayor in 2004. ... São Paulo is a state in Brazil. ... Geraldo Alckmin Geraldo José Rodrigues Alckmin (born in Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo, November 7, 1952) is a Brazilian politician and former governor of São Paulo. ... Roberto Jefferson. ... Antônio Carlos Magalhães Antônio Carlos Magalhães (born September 29, 1927 - died July 20, 2007) was a Brazilian politician. ... For other uses, see Journalist (disambiguation). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Gilberto Dimenstein, a senior Brazilian journalist, was born in city of Sao Paulo in 1956. ... The newspaper Folha de São Paulo represents the development of the communication media in Brazil. ...

Finances of the campaigns

After the referendum, the blog of a journalist at the Folha de S. Paulo revealed the main donators to the two sides:

• "No" received practically all its donations from Taurus (R$2.4 million) and the Companhia Brasileira de Cartuchos (Brazilian Cartridge Company) (R$2.6 million), Brazilian manufacturers of guns and ammunition, respectively.
• The "no" campaign stayed on top financially, spending only what it received in donations.
• "Yes" had as its main contributors the beverage company Ambev (around R$400,000), the Confederação Brasileira de Futebol (R$100,000) and the Prestadora de Serviços Estruturar (R$400,000), with a total of R$2.4 million in donations.
• The "yes" campaign had a deficit of R$320,000.

The blog reported that politicians who supported the "no" campaign said they were embarrassed to learn that the campaign had been financed by the arms industries. In fact, the president of the "no" campaign, representative Alberto Fraga (PFL-DF), said: "We didn't want that. But the amount of money involved was large and we didn't have any other way to pay for these expenses." ("Não queríamos isso. Mas o volume de dinheiro era grande e não tivemos como cobrir essas despesas com outras doações"). Taurus-PT24/7 (polymer-frame) Taurus Tracker PT111 9mm Forjas Taurus S/A (Taurus Forge) is a manufacturing conglomerate based in Porto Alegre, Brazil. ... AmBev is the biggest private industry of consumer goods in Brazil and the biggest brewery in Latin America. ... The Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF) or Confederação Brasileira de Futebol in Portuguese is the governing body of football in Brazil, and was founded on August 20, 1914 as Confederação Brasileira de Desportos (CBD), meaning Brazilian Sports Confederation. ... The Party of the Liberal Front (Portuguese: Partido da Frente Liberal, PFL) is a political party in Brazil. ... The Brazilian Federal District (in Portuguese, Distrito Federal) is set apart for Brasília, the capital of Brazil. ...

Fraga thinks, however, that nobody could have hoped for a different result: "Who's going to pay this bill? It couldn't be Águas de Lindóia or the Cervejaria Antárctica [beverage company]. Our accounting is transparent; we don't have another hidden account, this is it. Thank God we didn't end up in debt." ("Quem iria pagar essa conta? Não poderia ser nem a Águas de Lindóia nem a Cervejaria Antárctica. Nossa contabilidade é transparente. Não temos caixa dois. É tudo por dentro. Graças a Deus não ficamos com dívidas.") The title of this article contains the following characters: á and ó. Where they are unavailable or not desired, the name may be given as Aguas de Lindoia. ...

See also

• Gun politics

politics is a set of legal issues surrounding the ownership, use, and control of firearms as well as safety issues related to firearms both through their direct use and through criminal use. ...

External links

Campaigns (in Portuguese)

• Site Oficial do Referendo - NÃO
• Site Oficial do Referendo - SIM

Information (in Portuguese)

• Resultado Oficial
• Instruções e Resoluções do TSE
• Tire suas dúvidas sobre o Estatuto do Desarmamento
• Referendo Sobre o Desarmamento
• Comunicação do Senado
• Pesquisa do Datafolha
• Lei que regulamenta a execução dos meios de soberania popular previstos no artigo 14 da Constituição Federal

Opinions against the referendum (in Portuguese)

• PSTU - Vote Não! Pelo direito à autodefesa dos trabalhadores!
• Referendo da Fumaça, Revista Veja, 05/10/05
• Portal Nosso São Paulo - Diga "não" à Mentira e à Hipocrisia
• A Farsa do Desarmamento
• Charges
• Mídia sem Máscara

Opinions in support of the referendum (in Portuguese)

• Especial Trip Desarmamento
• Pelo sim ao desarmamento - Comissão de Direitos Humanos e Minorias da Câmara dos Deputados - CDHM
• Sim ao desarmamento
• Site Desarme

References

• This article is based on material translated from the corresponding article in the Portuguese Wikipedia: pt:Referendo sobre a proibição da comercialização de armas de fogo e munições.

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