Breadfruit
Breadfruit cultivated on Hawai'i Island
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Rosales Family: Moraceae Genus: Artocarpus Species: A. altilis
Binomial name
Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg

The Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is a tree and fruit native to the Malay Peninsula and western Pacific islands. It has also been widely planted in tropical regions elsewhere. It was collected and distributed by Lieutenant William Bligh as one of the botanical samples collected by HMS Bounty in the late 18th century, on a quest for a cheap high-energy food source for British slaves in the West Indies. Breadfruit found on Hawaii Island. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. ... Divisions Green algae Chlorophyta Charophyta Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta - liverworts Anthocerotophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) †Rhyniophyta - rhyniophytes †Zosterophyllophyta - zosterophylls Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses †Trimerophytophyta - trimerophytes Pteridophyta - ferns and horsetails Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Gnetophyta - gnetae Magnoliophyta - flowering plants... It has been suggested that Angiospermae, and Anthophyta be merged into this article or section. ... Magnoliopsida is the botanical name for a class: this name is formed by replacing the termination -aceae in the name Magnoliaceae by the termination -opsida (Art 16 of the ICBN). ... Families Barbeyaceae Cannabaceae (hemp family) Dirachmaceae Elaeagnaceae Moraceae (mulberry family) Rosaceae (rose family) Rhamnaceae (buckthorn family) Ulmaceae (elm family) Urticaceae (nettle family) For the Philippine municipality, see Rosales, Pangasinan. ... Genera Antiaris Artocarpus - Breadfruit, Jackfruit Brosimum Broussonetia - Paper Mulberry Castilloa Cecropia Chlorophora Dorstenia Ficus - Fig, Banyan Maclura - Osage-orange Morus - Mulberry Musanga Pseudolmedia Streblus Treculia The flowering plant family Moraceae (Mulberry family) comprises some 40 genera and over 1000 species of plants widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, less common... Species See text Artocarpus is a genus of about 60 trees of Southeast Asian origin and the Pacific, belonging to the mulberry family Moraceae. ... In biology, binomial nomenclature is the formal method of naming species. ... Sydney Parkinson Sydney Parkinson (1745 - January 1771) was a Scottish botanical illustrator and natural history artist. ... For other uses, see Tree (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Fruit (disambiguation). ... The Malay Peninsula (Malay: Semenanjung Tanah Melayu) is a major peninsula located in Southeast Asia. ... The Pacific Ocean (from the Latin name Mare Pacificum, peaceful sea, bestowed upon it by the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan) is the largest body of water on Earth – at 165. ... William Bligh in 1814 Vice-Admiral William Bligh FRS RN (9 September 1754 – 7 December 1817) was an officer of the British Royal Navy and colonial administrator. ... for other meaning see Mutiny on the Bounty (disambiguation) The mutineers turning Lt Bligh and some of the officers and crew adrift from HMAV Bounty, 29 April 1789 The Mutiny on the Bounty was a historical event in the late 18th century, most widely known through fiction, of an officer... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... The Buxton Memorial Fountain, celebrating the emancipation of slaves in the British Empire in 1834, London. ... The Caribbean or the West Indies is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea. ...

Description

Breadfruit trees grow to a height of 20 m. The large and thick leaves are deeply cut into pinnate lobes. All parts of the tree yield latex, a milky juice. This latex is used for boat caulking. “Foliage” redirects here. ... A pinnate fern frond (Blechnum appendiculatum). ... The LaTeX logo, typeset with LaTeX LATEX, written as LaTeX in plain text, is a document markup language and document preparation system for the TeX typesetting program. ...

Breadfruit tree planted in Honolulu, Hawaii

The trees are monoecious, with male and female flowers growing on the same tree. The male flowers emerge first, followed shortly afterwards by the female flowers, growing into a capitulum. These can be pollinated three days later. The pollinators are Old World fruit bats (Family Pteropodidae). The compound, false fruit develops from the swollen perianth and originates from 1,500-2,000 flowers. These are visible on the skin of the fruit as hexagon-like disks. Download high resolution version (600x800, 195 KB)Breadfruit tree found in the Foster Botanical Garden, Honolulu, HI. I am the author of this picture. ... Download high resolution version (600x800, 195 KB)Breadfruit tree found in the Foster Botanical Garden, Honolulu, HI. I am the author of this picture. ... Plant sexuality deals with the wide variety of sexual reproduction systems found across the plant kingdom. ... A Phalaenopsis flower A flower, (<Old French flo(u)r<Latin florem<flos), also known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also called angiosperms). ... Large flying fox (Pteropus vampyrus) Megabats constitute the suborder Megachiroptera within the order Chiroptera (bats). ... Large flying fox (Pteropus vampyrus) Megabats constitute the suborder Megachiroptera within the order Chiroptera ( bats). ... For other uses, see Fruit (disambiguation). ...

It is one of the highest-yielding food plants, a single tree producing up to 200 or more fruits per season. In the South Pacific, the trees yield 50 to 150 fruits per year. In southern India, normal production is 150 to 200 fruits annually. Productivity varies between wet and dry areas. In the West Indies, a conservative estimate is 25 fruits per tree. Studies in Barbados indicate a reasonable potential of 6.7 to 13.4 tons per acre (16-32 tons/ha). Much higher yields have been forecasted, but experts are skeptical and view these as unrealistic. The grapefruit-sized ovoid fruit have a rough surface, and each fruit is divided into many achenes, each achene surrounded by a fleshy perianth and growing on a fleshy receptacle. Some selectively-bred cultivars have seedless fruit. For other uses, see Fruit (disambiguation). ... An achene is a type of simple dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. ... This Osteospermum Pink Whirls is a successful cultivar. ...

Uses

Sections of the Bread fruit - from Bligh's 1792 account of the mutinous A Voyage to the South Sea

Breadfruit is a staple food in many tropical regions. They were propagated far outside their native range by Polynesian voyagers who transported root cuttings and air-layered plants over long ocean distances. They are very rich in starch, and before being eaten they are roasted, baked, fried, or boiled. When cooked the taste is described as potato-like, or similar to fresh baked bread (hence the name). Sections of the Bread fruit an image from William Blighs 1792 From http://www. ... Sections of the Bread fruit an image from William Blighs 1792 From http://www. ... 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The mutineers turning Lt Bligh and some of the officers and crew adrift from HMAV Bounty, 29 April 1789. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Layering is a technique for plant propagation in which a portion of an aerial stem is encouraged to grow roots while still attached to the parent plant, and then removed and planted as a new plant. ... Starch (CAS# 9005-25-8) is a complex carbohydrate which is soluble in water; it is used by plants as a way to store excess glucose. ...

Because breadfruit trees usually produce large crops at certain times of the year, preservation is an issue. One traditional preservation technique is to bury peeled and washed fruits in a leaf-lined pit where they ferment over several weeks and produce a sour, sticky paste. So stored, the product may last a year or more, and some pits are reported to have produced edible contents more than 30 years later. Fermented breadfruit mash goes by many names such as mahr, ma, masi, furo, and bwiru, among others.

Most breadfruit varieties also produce a small number of fruits throughout the year, so fresh breadfruit is always available but somewhat rare when not in season.

Breadfruit can be eaten once cooked, or can be further processed into a variety of other foods. A common product is a mixture of cooked or fermented breadfruit mash mixed with coconut milk and baked in banana leaves. Whole fruits can be cooked in an open fire, then cored and filled with other foods such as coconut milk, sugar and butter, cooked meats, or other fruits. The filled fruit can be further cooked so that the flavor of the filling permeates the flesh of the breadfruit.

The Hawaiian staple food called poi made of mashed taro root is easily substituted or augmented with mashed breadfruit. The resulting “breadfruit poi” is called poi ‘ulu. POI may mean: Panoramic Optical Imager Parallel optical interface Period of instruction Person of interest Plan of instruction Plane of Innovation (Everquest) Person of Indian Origin Apache Jakarta POI Point of impact Point of inflection, a mathematical term Point of information Point of interaction Point of interconnect Point of interest...

Breadfruit contains 25% carbohydrates (110kcal/100g). It has small amounts of minerals (potassium and zinc) and vitamins B1 (100μg) and C (20mg/100g).

Other Names

• Árbol del pan in Portuguese & Spanish
• Arbre a pain in French
• Artocarpo in Italian
• Brotfruchtbaum in German
• Del (from Portuguese Árbol del pan ) in Sinhala
• Kada-chakkai in Malayalam
• Kapiak in Tok Pisin
• Kolo in Tagalog
• 面包果 (mianbao guo) in Mandarin Chinese
• パンノキ (pan no ki) in Japanese
• Pana in Spanish (Puerto Rico)
• Sukun in Indonesian
• ‘Ulu in Hawaiian
• Buju in Jamaican Creole

Sinhala (also referred to as Sinhalese; earlier referred to as Singhalese) is the mother tongue of the Sinhalese, the largest ethnic group of Sri Lanka. ... Malayalam ( ) is the language spoken predominantly in the state of Kerala, in southern India. ... Tok Pisin (tok means word or speech, pisin means business) is the creole spoken in Papua New Guinea (PNG). ... Tagalog (pronunciation: ) is one of the major languages of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Chinese (written) language (pinyin: zh&#333;ngw n) written in Chinese characters The Chinese language (&#27721;&#35821;/&#28450;&#35486;, &#21326;&#35821;/&#33775;&#35486;, or &#20013;&#25991;; Pinyin: H ny&#468;, Hu y&#468;, or Zh&#333;ngw n) is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. ... The Hawaiian language is an Austronesian language that takes its name from that of the largest island in the tropical North Pacific archipelago where it developed. ... Jamaican Creole, also known to foreigners as Patois/(Patwa) or simply Jamaican, is an English/African-based language --not to be confused with Jamaican English nor with the Rastafarian use of English-- used primarily on the island of Jamaica. ...

See also

• Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus)
• List of fruits

Binomial name Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. ... Here are lists of fruits considered edible in some cuisine. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Breadfruit

Wikispecies has information related to:

Breadfruit

• A Voyage to the South Sea by William Bligh, 1792, from Project Gutenberg. The full title of Bligh's own account of the famous mutiny is: A Voyage to the South Sea, undertaken by command of His Majesty, for the purpose of conveying the bread-fruit tree to the West Indies, in his majesty's ship the Bounty, commanded by Lieutenant William Bligh. Including an account of the Mutiny on board the said ship, and the subsequent voyage of part of the crew, in the ship's boat, from Tofoa, one of the friendly islands, to Timor, a Dutch settlement in the East Indies. The whole illustrated with charts, etc.
• The Breadfruit Institute
• Fruits of Warm Climates: Breadfruit
• Know and Enjoy Tropical Fruit: Jackfruit, Breadfruit & Relatives
• Artocarpus altilis (Moraceae)

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... GFDL Wikispecies logo File links The following pages link to this file: Solanaceae Species Asterias Homo (genus) Human Wikipedia:Template messages/Links Wikipedia:Template messages/All Homo floresiensis User talk:Tuneguru Template:Wikispecies Categories: GFDL images ... Wikispecies is a sister project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation that anybody can edit with a great potential use to students and researchers. ... William Bligh in 1814 Vice-Admiral William Bligh FRS RN (9 September 1754 – 7 December 1817) was an officer of the British Royal Navy and colonial administrator. ... 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Project Gutenberg logo Project Gutenberg (often abbreviated as PG) is a volunteer effort to digitize, archive, and distribute cultural works via book scanning. ... The mutineers turning Lt Bligh and some of the officers and crew adrift from HMAV Bounty, 29 April 1789. ...