The marches of Neustria were creations of the Carolingian king of West Francia covering the ancient Merovingian kingdom of Neustria. Originally, there were two marches, one against the Bretons and one against the Norsemen created by Charles the Bald in 861. These two marches are often called the Breton March and Norman March respectively. They were ruled by officials appointed by the crown, known as wardens or margraves. Also see: France in the Middle Ages. ... Western Francia was the land under the control of Charles the Bald after the Treaty of Verdun of 843, which divided the Carolingian Empire of the Franks into an East, West, and Middle. ... There are other articles with similar names; see Merovingian (disambiguation). ... Neustria & Austrasia The territory of Neustria originated in A.D. 511, made up of the regions from Aquitaine to the English Channel, approximating most of the north of present-day France, with Paris and Soissons as its main cities. ... Breton can refer to: The Breton language A person from Brittany Author André Breton This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... For other uses of the term Norse, see Norse. ... Charles the Bald - Detail from a painting in the First Bible of Charles the Bald, painted ca. ... Events Carloman revolts against his father Louis the German. ... ... Margrave is the English and French form (recorded since 1551) of the German title Markgraf (from Mark march and Graf count) and certain equivalent nobiliary (princely) titles in other languages. ...

Breton march

There was a Breton march created under the Merovings in the late seventh or early eighth century. It was centred on Le Mans and eventually went by the name of ducatus Cenomannicus or Duchy of Maine. The exact extent of this duchy is unknown and it cannot be identified with either the later Breton or Norman march. One of the most famous margraves was Roland, who died at the Battle of Roncesvalles in 778 and gave rise to a famous series of legends as exemplified in the eponymous Chanson de Roland. Le Mans is a city in France, located at the Sarthe River. ... Roland pledges his fealty to Charlemagne; from a manuscript of a chanson de geste. ... The Roncevaux Pass (Roncesvaux in English, Roncesvalles in Spanish, Orreaga in Basque) is the site of a famous battle in 778 in which Hroudland (later changed to Roland), prefect of Brittany March was defeated by the Basques. ... Events Charlemagne fights the Moors in Spain. ... The Song of Roland (La Chanson de Roland) is an 11th century Old French epic poem about the Battle of Roncevaux Pass (or Roncesvalles) fought by Roland of the Brittany Marches and his fellow paladins. ...

The Carolingian recreation of a march against the Bretons was conferred first on Robert the Strong in 861. Robert was killed fighting the Vikings in 866, revealing how the boundaries of the marches did not affect the raiders with which the marcher margraves had to deal nor prevent the two margraves from cooperating in each other's territories against the common enemies of the Franks. Robert was succeeded by Hugh the Abbot. Robert the Strong (died September 15, 866) was a count of Tours. ... Events Fujiwara no Yoshifusa becomes regent of Japan, starting the Fujiwara regentship. ... Hugh the Abbot (d. ...

Norman march

The first margrave against the Vikings was Adalard the Seneschal. His march extended over the county of Le Mans and he was immediately opposed by the Rorgonids, who controlled the city. They intrigued against him and his relatives, also powerful nobles in the region, until Charles revoked his grants to them and placed the Rorgonids at the head of the march, where they remained until 885. In that year, Charles the Fat succeeded to power in West Francia and named Henry of Franconia margrave. Events Vikings besiege Paris Stephen VI elected pope Oldest known mentioning of Baky Births Emperor Daigo of Japan Deaths Pope Adrian III April 6: Saint Methodius, bishop and Bible translator Categories: 885 ... Romantic portrait of Charles. ...

United marches

In 886, both Hugh of the Breton march and Henry died. Charles replaced them with Odo and Berengar II respectively. Finally, in 911, Robert II, the Breton margrave, was granted the Norman march and the two entities became permanently united. Robert took the title of demarchus. In that same year, Charles the Simple, by the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, granted the Viking leader Rollo the county of Rouen, the basis of the future Duchy of Normandy. Rollo later also took the title demarchus. Events The Glagolitic alphabet, devised by Cyril and Methodius, missionairies from Constantinople, is adopted in the Bulgarian Empire. ... Odo (or Eudes) (c. ... Events Autumn - Charles the Simple argees to the Treaty of St. ... Robert I (c. ... Charles the Simple or Charles (September 17, 879 - October 7, 929) was a member of the Carolingian dynasty. ... The Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte was signed in the autumn of 911 between Charles the Simple and Rollo, the leader of the Vikings, for the purpose of settling the Normans in Neustria and to protect Charles kingdom from any new invasion from the northmen. No written records survive... Rollo of Normandy (Hrolf Ganger) Alessandro Rollo, violinist Rollo Armstrong, member of Faithless Rollo, character in books by Jacob Abbott Rollo, a crab fishing boat in the fleet at Dutch Harbor, during the late 1970s and early 1980s. ... Rouen Cathedral The entrance to Rouen Cathedral Abbey church of Saint-Ouen, (chevet) in Rouen Rouen, medieval house Rouen (pronounced in French, sometimes also ) is the historical capital city of Normandy, in northwestern France on the River Seine, and presently the capital of the Haute-Normandie (Upper Normandy) région. ... The Duchy of Normandy stems from the Viking invasions of France in the 8th century. ...

The Normans gradually expanded their territory and incoporated the much of Neustria into it. When the margrave of Neustria became king in 987, the history of the march ended, to be replaced by the history of the various comital fiefs which were to rise in power within it. Norman conquests in red. ... Events Hugh Capet, Count of Paris, crowned King of France Kukulcan conquers Chichen Itza Births Deaths May 21 King Louis V of France Categories: 987 ...

List of margraves

Robert the Strong (died September 15, 866) was a count of Tours. ... Hugh the Abbot (d. ... Odo (or Eudes) (c. ... Robert I (c. ... Robert I (c. ... Hugh, The Great (d. ... -1...

See also

• Duke of Brittany
• Duke of Normandy

The Duke of Brittany (French: Duc de Bretagne) governed Brittany, a region with strong traditions of independence, including a language and a distinctive culture. ... Bold textInsert non-formatted text here This statue of Rollo the Viking (founder of the fiefdom of Normandy) stands in Falaise, Calvados, birthplace of his descendant William I the Conqueror (the Duke of Normandy who became King of England). ...

Sources

• Smith, Julia M. H. Province and Empire: Brittany and the Carolingians. Cambridge University Press: 1992.
• Guillotel, Hubert. "Une autre marche de Neustrie." Onomastique et Parenté dans l'Occident médiéval. Edited Christian Settipani and Katharine S. B. Keats-Rohan. 2000.