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Brickwork masonry is produced when a bricklayer uses bricks and mortar to build up structures such as walls, bridges and chimneys. (Brickwork is also used to finish openings such as doors or windows in buildings made of other materials.) Where the bricks are to remain fully visible, as opposed to being covered up by plaster or stucco, this is known as face-work. Flemish Bond (Bricklaying). ...
Flemish Bond (Bricklaying). ...
This article refers to the building structure component; for the fraternal organization, see Freemasonry. ...
A bricklayer or mason is a tradesman who lays bricks to construct brickwork. ...
For other uses, see Brick (disambiguation). ...
Mortar holding weathered bricks. ...
A brick wall A wall is a usually solid structure that defines and sometimes protects an area. ...
This article is about the edifice (including an index to articles on specific bridge types). ...
Look up Chimney in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
This article is about the building material. ...
Stucco is a material made of an aggregate, a binder, and water which is applied wet, and hardens when it dries. ...
West facade of the Notre-Dame de Strasbourg Cathedral A facade (or façade) (Pronounced fa-sa-de) is generally the exterior of a building — especially the front, but also sometimes the sides and rear. ...
Bricks are laid to expose their ends (Header bricks), or sides (Stretcher bricks). As the work progresses, the bricks are laid in rows called courses. The manner in which the bricks overlap as they are laid up is called the bond. Types of bond include English bond, Flemish bond, and Herringbone bond, but the most common type of brickwork seen these days is the simple stretcher bond, showing only the long side-surface of the brick.
Because only the outside of finished brickwork is visible, cheaper grades of brick are commonly used for the hidden parts of a wall. In an old red-brick house, behind the front of red, the rest of the walls are often made of softer yellow bricks. The colour situation may be reversed if the house was built when red bricks were out of fashion. So with certain types of bond (e.g. garden wall bond) it is possible to use a higher ratio of cheaper bricks to more expensive bricks, making for a cheaper wall of the same dimensions. On the same house, sometimes a more economical "garden wall" bond has been used at the side and rear compared to the front.
The thickness of brickwork is measured in units of brick. If bricks are put down end-to-end with the long side facing you (stretchers) and then another row on top, the wall thickness is half a brick.
There are rules of bonding, which have some exceptions. These specify the overlap between courses that is visible outside the wall, and also the overlap which must be made within the wall, for walls which are more than half a brick thick.
Brickwork, like unreinforced concrete, has little tensile strength, and works by everything being kept in compression. This article is about the construction material. ...
Brickwork arches can span great distances, and carry considerable loads. For other uses, see Arch (disambiguation). ...
In aircraft design, see Wingspan. ...
Bricklaying apprenticeships Bricklayers use a variety of specialist tools to carry out precise and accurate results from architects plans. Apprenticeships offer a common route into the job, and a fully qualified bricklayer will be able to progress into technical, supervisory and management roles with training. For other uses, see Architect (disambiguation). ...
Types of bond When laying bricks, the manner in which the bricks overlap is called the bond. A brick laid with the longest side exposed is called a stretcher brick, as opposed to a header, where only the smallest end of the brick is exposed to the weather. The length of one stretcher is the same as two header bricks, side-by-side, including the 10mm joint between. For other uses, see Brick (disambiguation). ...
The thickness of a brick wall is measured using a unit of length known as 'the brick'. This standard can be used consistently with the wide variety of brick sizes available ("modular, "Norman" brick, etc.). The length of the longest face for a particular size of brick equals "one brick", for the purposes of measuring a wall built from such bricks.
Stretcher bond Stretcher bond (also known as running bond) is the most common bond in modern times, as it is easy to lay, with little waste. Entirely comprised of stretcher bricks, set in rows (or "courses") that are offset by half a brick. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 144 pixelsFull resolution (11000 × 1982 pixel, file size: 12. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 144 pixelsFull resolution (11000 × 1982 pixel, file size: 12. ...
Running bond uses no header bricks, allowing for a thin wall of one layer (half of a 'brick' unit). Two such walls may be built close together with a gap between. The two "skins" are usually tied together at regular intervals using wall ties. For this reason this bond is sometimes known as "cavity wall bond", although it is possible to give the appearance of other bonds in a half-brick cavity wall, either through extensive brick-cutting or the use of purpose-made half-bricks. In some climates the cavity may be filled with cavity wall insulation. Cavity walls are two-part masonry that include a cavity, a hollow space. ...
Thermal insulation on the Huygens probe The term thermal insulation can refer to materials used to reduce the rate of heat transfer, or the methods and processes used to reduce heat transfer. ...
Stretcher bond may also be used to build a single-wythe (one brick thick) wall without a deliberate cavity. In this case, wall ties are used to hold the two wythes together. The main advantage of this technique is that it allows walls with both faces visible, such as domestic dwarf walls, to be built using low-cost bricks that have only two fair faces, called "face bricks". Laying any such brick as a header would reveal a poorly finished header face on one side of the wall. These walls are also used in situations where stronger load bearing capacity is required than that given by a single stretcher bond wall with engaged piers.
A wythe is a continuous vertical section of masonry one unit in thickness. ...
English bond This bond is made up of alternating courses of stretchers and headers. This produces a solid wall that is a full brick in depth. English bond is fairly easy to lay and is the strongest bond for a one-brick-thick wall. If only one face of an English bond wall is exposed, one quarter of the bricks are not visible, and hence may be of low visual quality.
English Bond (Bricklaying) Photographed by myself in Prittlewell on 2004-06-07 MrWeeble 12:53, 8 Jun 2004 (UTC) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
English Bond (Bricklaying) Photographed by myself in Prittlewell on 2004-06-07 MrWeeble 12:53, 8 Jun 2004 (UTC) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
The bond is formed by a part (or bat) brick known as a 'queen closer'. This is a brick cut in half lengthways, generally along the frog and laid in the course next to the corner brick or 'quoin header'. Whereas the stretcher or half bond is formed by successive courses being staggered by half a brick, the Flemish and English bonds are now staggered by a quarter, resulting in a stronger bond (the constructional self-weight being distributed over a greater area). This bond, as well as Flemish bond, does not necessarily have to be one brick thick, they can be built using 'snap headers' ie. headers cut to half their length, which give a full brick appearance. They are often used in cavity walls when matching existing solid wall patterns.
Header bond Header bond (also known as Spanish bond) was a very common bond for bearing walls. It is composed of header bricks, set in rows that are offset half a brick, which produces a solid easy to lay bond. It is the most used bond in historical Spanish brick constructions.
Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ...
Flemish bond Flemish bond, also known as Dutch bond, has historically always been considered the most decorative bond, and for this reason was used extensively for dwellings until the adoption of the cavity wall. It is created by alternately laying headers and stretchers in a single course. The next course is laid so that a header lies in the middle of the stretcher in the course below. Again, this bond is one brick thick. It is quite difficult to lay Flemish bond properly, since for best effect all the perpends (vertical mortar joints) need to be vertically aligned. If only one face of an Flemish bond wall is exposed, one third of the bricks are not visible, and hence may be of low visual quality. This is a better ratio than for English bond, Flemish bond's main rival for load-bearing walls. Flemish Bond (Bricklaying). ...
Flemish Bond (Bricklaying). ...
Mortar holding weathered bricks. ...
A common variation often found in early 18th Century buildings is Glazed-headed Flemish Bond, in which the exposed headers are burned until they vitrify with a black glassy surface. Monk bond is a variant of Flemish bond, with two stretchers between the headers in each row, and the headers centred over the join between the two stretchers in the row below.
Garden wall bond
Scottish bond used in Cape May lighthouse
 Rat-trap bond used in a garden wall These bonds are variations on normal bonds. They use a high proportion of stretchers, and hence require fewer facing bricks than normal bonds. This makes them less sturdy, but cheaper to lay. As such they are most commonly used for garden- and other non-load-bearing walls. Scottish bond used in Cape May lighthouse. ...
Scottish bond used in Cape May lighthouse. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (612 × 816 pixel, file size: 97 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (612 × 816 pixel, file size: 97 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Rat-trap bond is a type of garden wall bond in which the stretchers and headers are laid on their sides, with the base of the stretcher facing outwards. This gives a wall with an internal cavity bridged by the headers, hence the name. The main advantage of this bond is economy in use of bricks, giving a wall of one brick thickness with fewer bricks than a solid bond. Rat-trap bond was in common usage in England for building houses of fewer than 3 stories up to the turn of the 20th century and is today still used in India as an economical bond, as well for the insulation properties offered by the air cavity. Also, many brick walls surrounding kitchen gardens were designed with cavities so hot air could circulate in the winter, warming fruit trees or other produce spread against the walls, causing them to bloom earlier and forcing early fruit production.
Herringbone bond When bricks are laid on alternating angles, it is called a Herringbone. This is primarily a decorative style, more often used for paving or fireplace reflectors than for walls. It is generally considered unsuitable for load-bearing structures. This style is also sometimes called by its Latin name: Opus spicatum.
Image File history File links Herringbone bond masonry pattern. ...
Image File history File links Herringbone bond masonry pattern. ...
This article is about the American English usage of pavement as the durable surfacing of roads and walkways. ...
Opus spicatum is a type of masonry construction used in Roman and medieval times. ...
Basket bond
 A simple basket bond pattern. This decorative pattern imitates the weave of a basket. It's also sometimes called a basket weave bond, and there are many variations on the weave pattern, some very elaborate.
Image File history File links A basket bond masonry pattern. ...
Image File history File links A basket bond masonry pattern. ...
American bond American common bond is made by laying the courses of headers where they are separated by approximately five to seven courses of stretchers. On occasion American common bond can be found with nine courses of stretchers between courses of headers. The stretcher courses are most often an uneven number. English common bond is an early variation with only three courses of stretchers between header courses.
Chinese bond As in flemish bond, but all the bricks are laid on edge. Unusual, but used to make a light weight structure or economise on bricks. Creates a semi-cavity wall.
Terminology - Stretcher
- Brick (or other masonry block) laid horizontally in the wall with the long, narrow side of the brick exposed. Commonly used for English bond and Flemish bond pattern, alternating with header bricks.
- Header
- Brick is laid in a wall, usually connecting two rows of a double wythe wall. The smallest end of the brick is horizontal, aligned with the surface of the wall and exposed to the weather.
- Rowlock or 'Brick on edge'(UK)
- A complete course of brick laid on its side, with the shortest end of the brick exposed and vertical. Commomly used on the top course as a coping for garden walls.
- Soldier
- Often a complete course of brick laid on end vertically, with the narrow side exposed in the face of the wall.
- A "standing soldier" is the most common way of setting the soldier brick on end that is flush with the wall. A "walking soldier" is a soldier course laid so the bottom edge of the brick is sticking out to about an inch. Usually alternating every other brick with a standing soldier, but other variations have been seen.
- Sailor
- Brick laid vertically on its end with the largest, broad face exposed.
- Shiner
- Brick laid on edge like a sailor, but the broad face is set horizontally.
- Quoin, "coin"
- (or "coin" - are groups of brick that project slightly from the face of a wall at the corner of a building. The pattern often alternates with several courses projecting bricks, and several courses that are aligned with the wall. The pattern of projecting quions often alternates with the brickwork on the other side of the corner.
A wythe is a continuous vertical section of masonry one unit in thickness. ...
See also Wikisource has an original article from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica about: Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ...
The original Wikisource logo. ...
Encyclopædia Britannica, the eleventh edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ...
The International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers (often known by the acronym BAC) is a labor union in the United States and Canada which represents bricklayers, stone and marble masons, cement masons, plasterers, tilesetters, terrazzo and mosaic workers, and pointers/cleaners/caulkers. ...
Construction on the North Bytown Bridge in Ottawa, Canada. ...
This article refers to the building structure component; for the fraternal organization, see Freemasonry. ...
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